263 BC
Year 263 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Mesella and Crassus (or, less frequently, year 491 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 263 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
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| 263 BC by topic |
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| Gregorian calendar | 263 BC CCLXII BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 491 |
| Ancient Egypt era | XXXIII dynasty, 61 |
| - Pharaoh | Ptolemy II Philadelphus, 21 |
| Ancient Greek era | 129th Olympiad, year 2 |
| Assyrian calendar | 4488 |
| Balinese saka calendar | N/A |
| Bengali calendar | −855 |
| Berber calendar | 688 |
| Buddhist calendar | 282 |
| Burmese calendar | −900 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5246–5247 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁酉年 (Fire Rooster) 2434 or 2374 — to — 戊戌年 (Earth Dog) 2435 or 2375 |
| Coptic calendar | −546 – −545 |
| Discordian calendar | 904 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −270 – −269 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3498–3499 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | −206 – −205 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 2838–2839 |
| Holocene calendar | 9738 |
| Iranian calendar | 884 BP – 883 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 911 BH – 910 BH |
| Javanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | N/A |
| Korean calendar | 2071 |
| Minguo calendar | 2174 before ROC 民前2174年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1730 |
| Seleucid era | 49/50 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 280–281 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火鸡年 (female Fire-Rooster) −136 or −517 or −1289 — to — 阳土狗年 (male Earth-Dog) −135 or −516 or −1288 |
Events
Roman Republic
- The Romans under the consul Manius Valerius Messalla secure the alliance of Hiero II of Syracuse. The treaty with Rome restricts Hiero's kingdom to southeast Sicily and the eastern coast of Sicily as far as Tauromenium. From this date until his death, Hiero remains loyal to the Romans.
- The Romans capture Hadranum.
Greece
- Alexander II of Epirus attacks and conquers the greater part of Macedonia. However, he is then driven out of both Macedonia and Epirus by Demetrius II, the son of King Antigonus II Gonatas of Macedonia.
- The Athenians and Spartans, worn down by several years of war and the devastation of their lands, make peace with Antigonus II of Macedonia who thus retains his hold on southern Greece.
- Cleanthes succeeds Zeno of Citium in his Stoic School in Athens.
Asia Minor
- Eumenes I succeeds his uncle Philetaerus to the throne of Pergamum. As Philetaerus was a eunuch, he adopted his nephew Eumenes (the son of Philetaerus' brother also named Eumenes) as his successor.
China
- General Bai Qi of the State of Qin captures the Han province of Nan, thereby cutting off Shangdang Commandery from the rest of the Han state. This commandery subsequently surrenders itself to the State of Zhao rather than transfer to Qin control, which will set up the climactic Battle of Changping in 260 BC.[1]
Deaths
- Philetaerus, founder (reigned from 282 BC) of the Attalid dynasty, a line of rulers of a powerful kingdom of Pergamum, in northwest Asia Minor (b. c. 343 BC)
- Qingxiang of Chu, Chinese king of Chu (Warring States Period)
References
- Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Section: Basic Annals of Qin, Section: Bai Qi.
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