Bombay Stock Exchange

BSE Limited, also known as the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), is an Indian stock exchange is the leading stock exchange under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It is located on Dalal Street in Mumbai. Established in 1875 by cotton merchant Premchand Roychand, a Jain businessman,[5] it is the oldest stock exchange in Asia,[6] and also the tenth oldest in the world.[7] The BSE is the 8th largest stock exchange with an overall market capitalisation in the world with more than ₹276.713 lakh crore, as of January 2022.[3][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

BSE Ltd.
The corporate headquarters of BSE on Dalal Street.
TypeStock exchange
LocationMumbai, India
Founded9 July 1875 (9 July 1875)[1]
Key people
CurrencyIndian rupee (₹)
No. of listings5,439[3]
Market cap₹276.713 lakh crore (US$3.5 trillion) (Jan 2022)[4]
IndicesBSE SENSEX
S&P BSE SmallCap
S&P BSE MidCap
S&P BSE LargeCap
BSE 500
Websitebseindia.com
Company
Traded as
NSE: BSE
ISININE118H01017
Headquarters
Mumbai 
Websitewww.bseindia.com 

Unlike countries like the United States where nearly 70% of the country's GDP is derived from large companies in the corporate sector like Apple and Tesla, the corporate sector in India accounts for only 12–14% of the national GDP (as of October 2016). Of these only 7,400 companies are listed of which only 4000 trade on the stock exchanges at BSE and NSE. Hence the stocks trading at the BSE and NSE account for only around 4% of the Indian economy, which derives most of its income-related activity from the so-called unorganized sector and household spending.[15]

Economic Times estimates that as of April 2018, 6 crore (60 million) retail investors had invested their savings in stocks in India, either through direct purchases of equities or through mutual funds.[16] Earlier, the Bimal Jalan Committee report estimated that barely 1.3% of India's population invested in the stock market, as compared to 27% in the United States and 10% in China.[17][18][19][20]

History

Bombay Stock Exchange was started by Premchand Roychand in 1875.[21] While BSE Limited is now synonymous with Dalal Street, it was not always so. In the 1850s, five stock brokers gathered together under a Banyan tree in front of Mumbai Town Hall, where Horniman Circle is now situated.[22] A decade later, the brokers moved their location to another leafy setting, this time under banyan trees at the junction of Meadows Street and what was then called Esplanade Road, now Mahatma Gandhi Road. With a rapid increase in the number of brokers, they had to shift places repeatedly. At last, in 1874, the brokers found a permanent location, the one that they could call their own. The brokers group became an official organization known as "The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association" in 1875.[23]

The Bombay Stock Exchange continued to operate out of a building near the Town Hall until 1928. The present site near Horniman Circle was acquired by the exchange in 1928, and a building was constructed and occupied in 1930. The street on which the site is located came to be called Dalal Street in Hindi (meaning "Broker Street") due to the location of the exchange.

On 31 August 1957, the BSE became the first stock exchange to be recognized by the Indian Government under the Securities Contracts Regulation Act. Construction of the present building, the Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers at Dalal Street, Fort area, began in the late 1970s and was completed and occupied by the BSE in 1980. Initially named the BSE Towers, the name of the building was changed soon after occupation, in memory of Sir Phiroze Jamshedji Jeejeebhoy, chairman of the BSE since 1966, following his death.

In 1986, the BSE developed the S&P BSE SENSEX index, giving the BSE a means to measure the overall performance of the exchange. In 2000, the BSE used this index to open its derivatives market, trading S&P BSE SENSEX futures contracts. The development of S&P BSE SENSEX options along with equity derivatives followed in 2001 and 2002, expanding the BSE's trading platform.

On 12 March 1993, a car bomb exploded in the basement of the building during the 1993 Bombay bombings.[24]

Historically an open outcry floor trading exchange, the Bombay Stock Exchange switched to an electronic trading system developed by Cmc ltd. in 1995. It took the exchange only 50 days to make this transition. This automated, screen-based trading platform called BSE On-Line Trading (BOLT) had a capacity of 8 million orders per day. Now BSE has raised capital by issuing shares and as on 3 May 2017 the BSE share which is traded in NSE only closed with ₹999.[25]

The BSE is also a Partner Exchange of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchange initiative, joining in September 2012.[26]

BSE established India INX on 30 December 2016. India INX is the first international exchange of India.[27]

BSE launches commodity derivatives contract in gold and silver.[28]

Bombay Stock Exchange from 1999 to 2020 (Indices S&P BSE 500)

See also

References
  1. India, BSE. "Corporate profile" (PDF).
  2. "bse bod".
  3. "Monthly Reports - World Federation of Exchanges". WFE.
  4. "BSE (formerly Bombay Stock Exchange) - LIVE stock/share market updates from Asia's premier stock exchange. Get all the current stock/share market news; real-time information to investors on S&P BSE SENSEX, stock quotes, indices, derivatives and corporate announcements". www.bseindia.com. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  5. "BSE-Introduction". bseindia.com. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  6. Dr.Priya Rawal (16 April 2015). Indian Stock Market and Investors Strategy. Dr.Priya Rawal. pp. 12–. ISBN 978-1-5053-5668-7.
  7. "10 Oldest Stock Exchanges in the World". 10 September 2020. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021.
  8. "How India's trading queen and mystery guru engulfed NSE in scandal". The Economic Times.
  9. Rangan, MC Govardhana. "The fall of NSE: Corruption or hubris?". The Economic Times.
  10. "BSE Sensex drops as corruption scandal weighs". Reuters. 25 November 2010.
  11. "SEBI penalises BSE, NSE for 'laxity' in Karvy fraud case". 13 April 2022.
  12. "Trading 'queen' and mystery guru: Strange tale engulfs NSE in scandal". Business Standard India. 21 March 2022.
  13. ""Who'll Invest in India if Scams Like This Happen?": Judge in NSE Case".
  14. "Chitra Ramkrishna arrested; CBI grills former NSE CEO in co-location scam after SEBI's mysterious yogi report".
  15. "National economic debate – Stock markets or rigged casinos – talk by Professor Dr. R. Vaidyanathan (IIM Bangalore) – 21 Jan 2011, Mumbai". National Economic Debates. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  16. Thukral, Arun (24 April 2018). "For those who do not make much money in stocks, here's the catch". The Economic Times. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  17. "Increasing retail investor base: SEBI has a tough job ahead". Moneylife. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  18. Jalan, Bimal (1 November 2010). Jalan Committee report 2010 – Review of Ownership andGovernance of Market Infrastructure Institutions (PDF). Mumbai: SEBI. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  19. Chandrasekhar, C.P.; Mallick, Sarat; A, Akriti. The elusive retail investor: How deep can (and should) India's stock markets be? (PDF). SEBI. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  20. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division (30 December 2011). FINANCIAL LITERACY AMONG RETAIL INVESTORS IN THE UNITED STATES (PDF). Washington DC: SEC / The library of congress. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  21. "BSE may set another record, become an official tourist spot". The New Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 6 October 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  22. "THE PROFILE OF BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE LIMITED".
  23. "The History of Bombay Stock Exchange". YouTube. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021.
  24. "The 1993 Mumbai Blasts: What Exactly Happened on March 12 That Year". News18. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
  25. "BSEIndia". BSEIndia. Archived from the original on 22 January 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  26. "Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) commits to promoting sustainability". UNCTAD. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  27. "India INX". indiainx.com.
  28. "India thehindubusinessline". Business Line.
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