Demographics of Austria

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Austria, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Austria
Population pyramid of Austria in 2022
Population8,913,088 (2022 est.)
Growth rate0.32% (2022 est.)
Birth rate9.45 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate9.85 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy82.27 years
 • male79.64 years
 • female85.04 years
Fertility rate1.51 children
Infant mortality rate3.24 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate3.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Nationality
NationalityAustrian
Language
OfficialGerman and others in certain provinces
Population density in Austria by district.
Historical population
YearPop.±%
17802,970,000—    
17903,046,000+2.6%
18003,064,000+0.6%
18103,054,000−0.3%
18213,202,000+4.8%
18303,476,000+8.6%
18403,649,000+5.0%
18503,879,000+6.3%
18574,075,000+5.1%
18694,497,880+10.4%
18804,963,528+10.4%
18905,417,360+9.1%
19006,003,845+10.8%
19106,648,310+10.7%
19236,534,742−1.7%
19346,760,044+3.4%
19396,652,567−1.6%
19516,933,905+4.2%
19617,073,807+2.0%
19717,491,526+5.9%
19817,555,338+0.9%
19917,795,786+3.2%
20018,032,587+3.0%
20118,401,940+4.6%
20218,933,346+6.3%
Source:[1] 2019 estimate[2]

Austrians were a homogeneous people, although four decades of strong immigration from other parts of Europe have significantly changed the composition of the population of Austria.

According to the 2001 population census, 88.6% are native German speakers (96% Austro-Bavarian dialects and 4% Alemannic dialects) while the remaining 11.4% speak several minority languages. The non-German speakers of Austria can be divided into two groups: traditional minorities, who are related to territories formerly part of the Habsburg monarchy, and new minorities, resulting from recent immigration.

Population

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review.[3]

  • One birth every 6 minutes
  • One death every 6 minutes
  • One net migrant every 26 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 26 minutes

[4]

Fertility
TFR of Austria to 2016

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period in the present-day Hungary. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[5]

Years18701871187218731874187518761877187818791880[5]
Total Fertility Rate in Austria4.694.654.754.834.84.814.924.724.614.614.62
Years1881188218831884188518861887188818891890[5]
Total Fertility Rate in Austria4.554.564.514.584.494.514.494.434.444.24
Years189118921893189418951896189718981899[5]
Total Fertility Rate in Austria4.484.314.364.344.44.44.334.354.35
Total fertility rate

1.48 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 199th

Mother's mean age at first birth
29 years (2014 est.)

Life expectancy
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 81.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 24th
male: 79 years
female: 84.5 years (2018 est.)
Life expectancy development in Austria

Age structure
0-14 years: 14% (male 630,739 /female 600,663)
15-24 years: 10.82% (male 484,515 /female 467,064)
25-54 years: 42.1% (male 1,851,209 /female 1,851,100)
55-64 years: 13.63% (male 595,146 /female 603,249)
65 years and over: 19.44% (male 743,174 /female 966,511) (2018 est.)
Median age
total: 44.2 years. Country comparison to the world: 12th
male: 42.9 years
female: 45.4 years (2018 est.)

Cities, urbanisation and population density
urban population: 58.3% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 0.59% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

Vital statistics

Data according to Statistik Austria.[6][7]

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate[fn 1] Infant mortality rate (per 1000 births) Life expectancy males Life expectancy females Net reproduction rate
1900 5,973,000 187,094 138,509 48,585 31.3 23.2 8.1 4.33
1901 6,035,000 189,539 134,234 55,305 31.4 22.2 9.2 4.34
1902 6,099,000 191,926 134,479 57,447 31.5 22.0 9.4 4.35
1903 6,164,000 184,244 133,435 50,809 29.9 21.6 8.2 4.13
1904 6,228,000 187,963 131,309 56,654 30.2 21.1 9.1 4.17
1905 6,292,000 181,685 142,673 39,012 28.9 22.7 6.2 3.99
1906 6,357,000 184,477 129,084 55,393 29.0 20.3 8.7 4.01
1907 6,421,000 181,026 132,006 49,020 28.2 20.6 7.6 3.89
1908 6,485,000 184,477 136,434 48,043 28.4 21.0 7.4 3.83
1909 6,550,000 180,106 134,152 45,954 27.5 20.5 7.0 3.80
1910 6,614,000 176,588 127,243 49,345 26.7 19.2 7.5 3.69
1911 6,669,000 168,916 132,615 36,301 25.3 19.9 5.4 3.50
1912 6,724,000 170,555 122,759 47,796 25.4 18.3 7.1 3.50
1913 6,767,000 163,354 124,388 38,966 24.1 18.4 5.8 3.33
1914 6,680,000 161,692 124,560 37,132 24.2 18.6 5.6 3.20
1915 6,690,000 125,680 144,259 -18,579 18.8 21.6 -2.8 3.07
1916 6,660,000 98,895 139,324 -40,429 14.8 20.9 -6.1 2.94
1917 6,610,000 92,289 150,346 -58,057 14.0 22.7 -8.8 2.81
1918 6,543,000 92,560 172,573 -80,013 14.1 26.4 -12.2 2.68
1919 6,420,000 118,518 130,658 -12,140 18.5 20.4 -1.9 2.55
1920 6,455,000 146,644 122,775 23,869 22.7 19.0 3.7 3.14
1921 6,504,000 151,138 110,451 40,687 23.2 17.0 6.3 3.21
1922 6,528,000 150,958 113,467 37,491 23.1 17.4 5.7 3.19
1923 6,543,000 146,885 99,924 46,961 22.4 15.3 7.2 3.10
1924 6,562,000 142,141 98,055 44,086 21.7 14.9 6.7 2.99
1925 6,582,000 135,841 94,988 40,853 20.6 14.4 6.2 2.85
1926 6,603,000 127,250 98,905 28,345 19.3 15.0 4.3 2.66
1927 6,623,000 118,669 99,080 19,589 17.9 15.0 3.0 2.47
1928 6,643,000 116,729 95,959 20,770 17.6 14.4 3.1 2.43
1929 6,664,000 112,047 97,300 14,747 16.8 14.6 2.2 2.32
1930 6,684,000 112,330 90,315 22,015 16.8 13.5 3.3 2.32
1931 6,705,000 106,324 93,895 12,429 15.9 14.0 1.9 2.19
1932 6,725,000 102,277 93,599 8,678 15.2 13.9 1.3 2.10
1933 6,746,000 96,369 88,977 7,392 14.3 13.2 1.1 1.97
1934 6,755,000 91,567 85,685 5,882 13.6 12.7 0.9 1.87
1935 6,761,000 88,689 92,524 -3,835 13.1 13.7 -0.6 1.81
1936 6,758,000 88,264 89,078 –,814 13.1 13.2 -0.1 1.80
1937 6,755,000 86,351 90,035 -3,684 12.8 13.3 -0.5 1.54
1938 6,753,000 93,812 94,755 –,943 13.9 14.0 -0.1 1.92
1939 6,658,000 137,825 101,709 36,116 20.7 15.3 5.4 2.86
1940 6,705,000 145,926 99,475 46,451 21.8 14.8 6.9 2.70
1941 6,731,000 135,398 94,121 41,277 20.1 14.0 6.1 2.53
1942 6,799,000 116,172 90,510 25,662 17.1 13.3 3.8 2.37
1943 6,815,000 122,443 94,269 28,174 18.0 13.8 4.1 2.21
1944 6,837,000 126,938 109,622 17,316 18.6 16.0 2.5 2.04
1945 6,793,000 101,369 173,767 -72,398 14.9 25.6 -10.7 1.88
1946 7,000,000 111,302 94,077 17,225 15.9 13.4 2.5 2.01 81.4
1947 6,971,000 128,953 90,027 38,926 18.5 12.9 5.6 2.35 78.3
1948 6,953,000 123,221 84,213 39,008 17.7 12.1 5.6 2.25 76.2
1949 6,942,000 113,375 89,247 24,128 16.3 12.9 3.5 2.07 75.2
1950 6,935,000 107,854 85,710 22,144 15.6 12.4 3.2 2.09 66.1
1951 6,934,000 102,764 88,253 14,511 14.8 12.7 2.1 2.02 61.3
1952 6,928,000 103,012 83,372 19,640 14.9 12.0 2.8 2.06 51.9
1953 6,932,000 102,867 83,399 19,468 14.8 12.0 2.8 2.09 49.9
1954 6,940,000 103,985 84,632 19,353 15.0 12.2 2.8 2.15 48.3
1955 6,947,000 108,575 84,995 23,580 15.6 12.2 3.4 2.29 45.6
1956 6,952,000 115,827 86,824 29,003 16.7 12.5 4.2 2.48 43.3
1957 6,966,000 118,712 89,298 29,414 17.0 12.8 4.2 2.57 44.2
1958 6,987,000 119,755 85,980 33,775 17.1 12.3 4.8 2.60 40.7
1959 7,014,000 124,377 87,970 36,407 17.7 12.5 5.2 2.69 39.8
1960 7,048,000 125,945 89,603 36,342 17.9 12.7 5.2 2.70 37.5
1961 7,087,000 131,563 85,673 45,890 18.6 12.1 6.5 2.79 32.7 1.29
1962 7,130,000 133,253 90,854 42,399 18.7 12.7 5.9 2.80 32.8 1.30
1963 7,176,000 134,809 91,579 43,230 18.8 12.8 6.0 2.82 31.3 1.31
1964 7,224,000 133,841 89,081 44,760 18.6 12.3 6.2 2.80 29.2 1.30
1965 7,271,000 129,924 94,273 35,651 17.9 13.0 4.9 2.71 28.3 1.26
1966 7,322,000 128,577 91,440 37,137 17.6 12.5 5.1 2.66 28.1 1.24
1967 7,377,000 127,404 95,438 31,966 17.4 13.0 4.3 2.62 26.4 1.23
1968 7,415,000 126,115 96,014 30,101 17.1 13.0 4.1 2.59 25.5 1.21
1969 7,441,000 121,377 98,715 22,662 16.4 13.4 3 2.50 25.4 1.17
1970 7,467,000 112,301 98,819 13,482 15.1 13.3 1.8 2.29 25.9 66.573.4 1.07
1971 7,500,000 108,510 97,334 11,176 14.6 13.1 1.5 2.20 26.1 66.673.7 1.03
1972 7,544,000 104,033 95,323 8,710 13.9 12.7 1.2 2.09 25.2 66.974.0 0.98
1973 7,586,000 98,041 92,768 5,273 13.0 12.3 0.7 1.94 23.8 67.574.6 0.91
1974 7,599,000 97,430 94,324 3,106 12.9 12.5 0.4 1.91 23.5 67.574.7 0.90
1975 7,579,000 93,757 96,041 -2,284 12.4 12.7 -0.3 1.83 20.5 67.774.7 0.86
1976 7,566,000 87,446 95,140 -7,694 11.6 12.6 -1.0 1.69 18.2 68.275.1 0.80
1977 7,568,000 85,595 92,402 -6,807 11.3 12.2 -0.9 1.63 16.8 68.575.5 0.77
1978 7,562,000 85,402 94,617 -9,215 11.3 12.5 -1.2 1.61 15.0 68.575.7 0.76
1979 7,549,000 86,388 92,012 -5,624 11.4 12.2 -0.7 1.60 14.7 68.876.0 0.76
1980 7,549,000 90,872 92,442 -1,570 12.0 12.2 -0.2 1.65 14.3 69.076.1 0.78
1981 7,569,000 93,942 92,693 1,249 12.4 12.2 0.2 1.67 12.7 69.376.4 0.80
1982 7,574,000 94,840 91,339 3,501 12.5 12.1 0.5 1.66 12.8 69.476.6 0.79
1983 7,562,000 90,118 93,041 -2,923 11.9 12.3 -0.4 1.56 11.9 69.576.6 0.74
1984 7,561,000 89,234 88,466 768 11.8 11.7 0.1 1.52 11.4 70.077.2 0.73
1985 7,565,000 87,440 89,578 -2,138 11.6 11.8 -0.3 1.47 11.2 70.477.3 0.70
1986 7,570,000 86,964 87,071 -107 11.5 11.5 -0.0 1.45 10.3 70.977.7 0.69
1987 7,575,000 86,503 84,907 1,596 11.4 11.2 0.2 1.43 9.8 71.478.1 0.68
1988 7,585,000 88,052 83,263 4,789 11.6 11.0 0.6 1.45 8.1 71.978.6 0.69
1989 7,620,000 88,759 83,407 5,352 11.6 10.9 0.7 1.44 8.3 71.978.7 0.69
1990 7,678,000 90,454 82,952 7,502 11.8 10.8 1.0 1.46 7.8 72.278.9 0.70
1991 7,755,000 94,629 83,428 11,201 12.2 10.8 1.4 1.51 7.5 72.379.0 0.72
1992 7,841,000 95,302 83,162 12,140 12.2 10.6 1.4 1.51 7.5 72.579.2 0.72
1993 7,906,000 95,227 82,517 12,710 12.0 10.4 1.6 1.50 6.5 72.879.4 0.72
1994 7,936,000 92,415 80,684 11,731 11.6 10.2 1.5 1.47 6.3 73.179.7 0.70
1995 7,948,000 88,669 81,171 7,498 11.2 10.2 0.9 1.42 5.4 73.380.0 0.68
1996 7,959,000 88,809 80,790 8,019 11.2 10.2 1.0 1.45 5.1 73.780.1 0.69
1997 7,968,000 84,045 79,432 4,613 10.5 10.0 0.6 1.39 4.7 74.080.6 0.67
1998 7,977,000 81,233 78,339 2,894 10.2 9.8 0.4 1.37 4.9 74.580.8 0.66
1999 7,992,000 78,138 78,200 -62 9.8 9.8 0.0 1.34 4.4 74.880.9 0.64
2000 8,012,000 78,268 76,780 1,488 9.8 9.6 0.2 1.36 4.8 75.181.1 0.66
2001 8,042,000 75,458 74,767 691 9.4 9.3 0.1 1.33 3.7 75.681.6 0.64
2002 8,082,000 78,399 76,131 2,268 9.7 9.4 0.3 1.39 4.3 75.881.7 0.67
2003 8,121,000 76,944 77,209 -265 9.5 9.5 -0.0 1.38 4.0 75.981.5 0.66
2004 8,172,000 78,968 74,292 4,676 9.7 9.1 0.6 1.42 4.0 76.482.1 0.68
2005 8,228,000 78,190 75,189 3,001 9.5 9.1 0.4 1.41 3.7 76.682.2 0.68
2006 8,269,000 77,914 74,295 3,619 9.4 9.0 0.4 1.41 4.0 77.182.7 0.68
2007 8,301,000 76,250 74,625 1,625 9.2 9.0 0.2 1.39 3.8 77.382.8 0.67
2008 8,337,000 77,752 75,083 2,669 9.3 9.0 0.3 1.42 3.3 77.683.0 0.68
2009 8,363,000 76,344 77,381 -1,037 9.1 9.3 -0.1 1.40 3.7 77.482.9 0.67
2010 8,388,000 78,74277,1991,543 9.49.20.2 1.44 3.8 77.783.2 0.69
2011 8,421,000 78,10976,4791,630 9.39.10.2 1.43 3.8 78.183.4 0.69
2012 8,408,121 78,952 79,436 -484 9.3 9.4 -0.1 1.44 3.2 78.383.3
2013 8,451,860 79,330 79,526 -196 9.3 9.3 -0.0 1.44 3.1 78.4583.56
2014 8,507,786 81,722 78,252 3,470 9.6 9.1 0.4 1.46 3.0 78.9183.74
2015 8,584,926 84,381 83,073 1,308 9.7 9.5 0.2 1.49 3.1 78.6383.59
2016 8,700,471 87,675 80,669 7,006 10.0 9.2 0.8 1.53 3.1 79.1483.95
2017 8,772,865 87,633 83,270 4,363 10.0 9.5 0.5 1.52 2.9 79.383.9
2018 8,822,267 85,535 83,975 1,560 9.7 9.5 0.2 1.48 79.384.0
2019 8,858,775 84,952 83,386 1,566 9.6 9.4 0.2 1.46 2.9 79.584.2
2020 8,901,064 83,603 91,599 -7,996 9.4 10.2 -0.9 1.44 78.983.7
2021 8,932,664 86,078 91,962 -5,884 9.6 10.3 -0.7 1.48(e)

Current vital statistics

[8]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January - June 2021 41,746 45,168 -3,422
January - June 2022 39,635 45,661 -6,026
Difference -2,111 (-5.06%) +493 (+1.09%) -2,604

Ethnic groups

Traditional ethnic minorities in Austria

Only three numerically significant traditional minority groups exist – 14,000 Carinthian Slovenes (according to the 2001 census – unofficial estimates of Slovene organisations put the number at 50,000) in Austrian Carinthia (south central Austria) and about 25,000 Croats and 20,000 Hungarians in Burgenland (on the Hungarian border). The Slovenes (also called 'Windische') form a closely knit community. Their rights as well as those of the Croats are protected by law and generally respected in practice. The present boundaries of Austria, once the center of the Habsburg monarchy that constituted the second-largest composite monarchy in Europe, were established in accordance with the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1919. Some Austrians, particularly near Vienna, still have relatives in countries that made up the Monarchy, namely Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia and Hungary.

New ethnic minorities in Austria

Austria does not collect data on the ethnicity or race of its citizens but does collect data on the nationality of residents currently in the country.[9]

According to the Austrian Statistical Bureau, 814,800 foreigners legally lived in Austria in mid-2006, representing 9.8% of the total population, one of the highest rates in Europe.

Of these foreign residents, 305,100 came from the former Yugoslavia and 110,800 from Turkey.

Owing to a growing naturalization rate, 330,000 people have been naturalized between 1985 and the end of 2003, representing about 4% of the 7.4 million Austrian citizens living today in the country.

Of these new citizens 110,000 came from the former Yugoslavia and 90,000 from Turkey. Considering pre-1985 naturalizations, in 2005 at least 18% (in Vienna more than 30%) of the population was either foreign or of foreign origin. Native Austrians have had stagnant demographics since World War I, and have been in absolute decline since the 1970s.

Foreign nationals within Austria in 2022

Immigration

As of 2011, Statistik Austria official estimates have shown that 81% of residents, or 6.75 million[10] had no migration background and more than 19% or 1.6 million inhabitants[10] had at least one parent of immigrant background. There are more than 415,000 descendants of foreign-born immigrants[10] residing in Austria, the great majority of whom have been naturalized.

According to Eurostat, there were 1.27 million foreign-born residents in Austria in 2010, corresponding to 15.2% of the total population. Of these, 764,000 (9.1%) were born outside the EU and 512,000 (6.1%) were born in another EU member state.[11]

350,000 ethnic Turks[12] (including a minority of Turkish Kurds) currently live in Austria. At about 3% of the total population, they make up the biggest single ethnic minority in Austria.

In 2018, the percentage of foreign born people was around 19% of the total population which is also the second highest foreign born proportion of all EU countries after Luxemburg.

Migration background groups Year
2008[13] 2010[13] 2012[13] 2014[13] 2016[13] 2018[13] 2020[13]
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Non-migrant background 6,784,300 82.6% 6,717,300 81.5% 6,739,800 81.2% 6,700,500 79.6% 6,701,100 77.9% 6,656,300 76.7% 6,628,600 75.6%
Migrant background (1st and 2nd generation) 1,426,400 17.4% 1,528,200 18.5% 1,563,000 18.8% 1,714,600 20.4% 1,898,000 22.1% 2,022,200 23.3% 2,137,800 24.4%
Total 8,210,700 100% 8,245,500 100% 8,302,900 100% 8,415,100 100% 8,599,200 100% 8,678,600 100% 8,766,300 100%
Rank Nationality Population

(1 January 2022)[14]

1 Germany216,789
2 Romania138,390
3 Serbia121,734
4 Turkey117,668
5 Bosnia and Herzegovina97,386
6 Croatia95,302
7 Hungary94,436
8 Syria68,186
9 Poland66,084
10 Slovakia46,719
11 Afghanistan45,214
12 Bulgaria35,888
13 Italy35,700
14 Russia33,895
15 Kosovo26,848
16 North Macedonia25,149
17 Slovenia22,912
18 Iran15,285
19 Czech Republic15,075
20 China13,728
21 Iraq13,441
22 Ukraine12,668
23 United Kingdom11,225
24 India10,685

Languages

Religion

Religion in Austria (2016)[15][16][17]

  Roman Catholicism (56.9%)
  Eastern Orthodox (8.9%)
  Protestantism (3.3%)
  Islam (8%)
  None or other (23%)

In 2001, about 74% of Austria's population were registered as Roman Catholic,[18] while about 5% considered themselves Protestants.[18] Austrian Christians, both Catholic and Protestant,[19] are obliged to pay a mandatory membership fee (calculated by income—about 1%) to their church; this payment is called "Kirchenbeitrag" ("Ecclesiastical/Church contribution"). Since the second half of the 20th century, the number of adherents and churchgoers has declined. Data for the end of 2016 from the Austrian Roman Catholic church lists 5,162,622 members, or 58.8% of the total Austrian population. Sunday church attendance was 605,828 or 7% of the total Austrian population in 2015.[20] The Lutheran church also recorded a loss of 74,421 adherents between 2001 and 2016.

About 12% of the population declared that they have no religion[18] in 2001; this share had grown to 20% by 2015.[21] Of the remaining people, around 340,000 were registered as members of various Muslim communities in 2001, mainly due to the influx from Turkey, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo.[18] The number of Muslims has doubled in 15 years to 700,000 in 2016.[17] About 680,000 are members of Eastern Orthodox Church (mostly Romanians and Serbs), about 21,000 people are active Jehovah's Witnesses[22] and about 8,100 are Jewish.[18]

An estimated 15,000 Jews or adherents of Judaism live in Austria, primarily in Vienna – a remnant of the post-World War II community after the Nazi Holocaust.

  • Sikhism in Austria
  • Hinduism in Austria
  • Buddhism in Austria
  • Roman Catholicism in Austria
  • Islam in Austria
  • History of the Jews in Austria
  • Pre-Christian Alpine traditions

Newborn by religion
Newborn by religion of father
Year Catholic Protestant Orthodox Muslim
2019 34.68% 2.15% 3.73% 12.09%
2018 39.24% 2.36% 4.29% 13.80%
2017 43.40% 2.68% 4.80% 14.66%
2016 44.35% 2.73% 4.64% 14.82%
2015 43.89% 2.62% 4.40% 12.75%
Newborn by religion of mother
Year Catholic Protestant Orthodox Muslim
2019 37.73% 2.29% 4.40% 11.66%
2018 42.54% 2.65% 4.99% 13.37%
2017 47.08% 3.01% 5.54% 14.28%
2016 49.26% 3.24% 5.3% 14.59%
2015 49.52% 3.08% 5.08% 12.75%
  • In 2017, 41,259 out of the 87,633 newborns had a Catholic mother (father: 38,096), 12,514 Muslim mother (father: 12,851) and 2,635 had a Protestant mother (father: 2,352).
  • In 2016, 43,190 out of the 87,675 newborns had a Catholic mother (father: 38,884), 12,794 Muslim mother (father: 12,996) and 2,841 had a Protestant mother (father: 2,398).
  • In 2015, 41,783 out of the 84,381 newborns had a Catholic mother (father: 37,036), 10,760 Muslim mother (father: 10,972) and 2,595 had a Protestant mother (father: 2,212).

Notes
  1. In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.

References
  •  This article incorporates public domain material from World Factbook (2022 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2006 edition)
  1. "Total Population. Population since 1869". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  2. "Statistik Austria - Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn 2002-2019 nach Gemeinden (Gebietsstand 1.1.2019)". Archived from the original on 2021-10-03. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
  3. "Austria Population 2018", World Population Review
  4. Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.
  5. Max Roser (2014), "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last two centuries", Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation, archived from the original on 2018-08-07, retrieved 2018-08-07
  6. AUSTRIA, STATISTIK. "Bevölkerung". Statistik.at. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  7. "The World FactBook – Austria", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018
  8. "Tabellen: Geborene nach demographischen Merkmalen".
  9. Shendruk, Amanda (2021-07-08). "Are you even trying to stop racism if you don't collect data on race?". Quartz. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
  10. "STATISTIK AUSTRIA Kommission für Migrations – und Integrationsforschung der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2012" (PDF). Medienservicestelle.at. p. 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-14. Retrieved 2017-08-24.
  11. 6.5% of the EU population are foreigners and 9.4% are born abroad Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine, Eurostat, Katya VASILEVA, 34/2011.
  12. BBC (2010-11-10). "Turkey's ambassador to Austria prompts immigration spat". BBC News. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
  13. "Bevölkerung nach Migrationshintergrund". www.statistik.at (in German). Archived from the original on 2015-11-14. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
  14. https://www.statistik.at/wcm/idc/idcplg?IdcService=GET_PDF_FILE&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&dDocName=071715
  15. "Kirchenaustritte gingen 2012 um elf Prozent zurück" [Leaving church increased by eleven percent in 2012]. derStandard.at (in German). 8 January 2013. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013.
  16. WZ-Recherche 2016. Published in article: "Staat und Religion". Wiener Zeitung, January 2016.
  17. Zahl der Muslime in Österreich seit 2001 verdoppelt diepresse.com, 04/08/2017.
  18. "Census 2001: Population 2001 according to religious affiliation and nationality" (PDF) (in German). Statistik Austria. Retrieved 17 December 2007.
  19. Tax is only mandatory for Lutherans and Reformed.
  20. "Katholische Kirche Österreichs, Statistik". Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  21. Church data retrieved 14 January 2015
  22. 2015 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses. Watch Tower Society. p. 178.

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