Hwaseong Fortress

The wall is 5.74 kilometres (3.57 mi) in length and varies between 4 to 6 metres (13–20 ft), originally enclosing 1.3 square kilometres (0.5 sq mi) of land.[6] On flat terrain the wall was generally built higher than that on either of the two hills over which it passes, as higher walls were seen as less necessary along hilltops. The parapets are made of stone and brick, like most of the fortress, and were 1.2 metres (4 ft) in height. All parts are well-maintained and the whole circuit can be walked easily.

The 1795 fortress had four gates: Janganmun (north gate), Hwaseomun (west), Paldalmun (south) and Changnyongmun (east). Janganmun and Paldalmun are the largest of the four main gates and resemble Seoul's Namdaemun in roof design and stone and woodwork. Indeed, Janganmun is the largest gate in Korea. Both the north and south gates are topped with two-storey wooden pavilions, while Hwaseomun's and Changyongmun's, those of the west and east gates respectively, have only one storey. The four main gates are encircled by miniature fortresses which were manned by guards. Meanwhile, Changyoungmun was greatly destroyed during the Korean War and it was restored in 1978.

Nowadays, the intra muros Suwon requires large entries for the modern roads needed by visitors and inhabitants. These large roads were built during the period when the wall was down, and the 1975 reconstruction had no choice but to preserve these roads. For three of them, the rampart walk has been rebuilt as a bridge between two neighboring structures:

• The North Entry by a bridge between the North Gate Janganmun and its Eastern Gate Guard Platform.
• The East Entry by a bridge between the North-East Crossbow Platform and the North-East Observation Tower
• The West Entry by a bridge between the West Gate and the North-West Pavilion. Additionally, two small underpass related to Mount Paldal were preserved. They are situated respectively near the West Turret 1 and the South Turret.

Concerning the South Entry, i.e. the biggest one, a more radical solution has been used. Four no more extant structures (the South-West and South-East Gate Guard Platforms, the South Secret Gate and the South Observation Tower) were not rebuild at all and now the South Gate, Paldalmun, remains isolated from everything, like an island in a flood of traffic.

Among all the structures along the wall (see descriptions below), the most striking are

• the floodgates
• the remaining two watchtowers, both three-storey and with distinctive wooden pavilions on top and embrasures for guns and lookouts.
• the beacon tower. It has five chimneys to make different signals with smoke or fire. When one was lit it signaled peace, two meant the enemy had been spotted, three warned that the enemy was approaching, four meant the enemy had made it into the city, and five signals lit was an alert that fighting had begun.

For an unknown reason, the original Chinese terms 砲樓 (pào lóu, "fortified tower, blockhouse") and 鋪樓 (pù lóu, "platform") have been alphabetized by the same Hangul 포루, generating several naming collisions. In accordance with the authoritative Hwaseong Seongyeok Uigwe (1801), it is convenient to maintain different names for different kinds of fortification structures. This leads to alphabetize 砲樓 as 'GunTower' and 鋪樓 as 'SentryPost'. The following gallery shows how different these structures are in their design and their usefulness.

• 
  east:
  Dong-GunTower
  東砲樓
• 
  north-east:
  Bukdong-GunTower
  北東砲樓
• 
  north-west:
  Bukseo-GunTower
  北西砲樓
• 
  west:
  Seo-GunTower
  西砲樓
• 
  south:
  Nam-GunTower
  南砲樓

• 
  east2:
  Dong2-SentryPost
  東二鋪樓
• 
  east1:
  Dong1-SentryPost
  東一鋪樓
• 
  east-north:
  Dongbuk-SentryPost
  東北鋪樓
• 
  north:
  Buk-SentryPost
  北鋪樓
• 
  west:
  Seo-SentryPost
  西鋪樓

37°16′39″N 127°01′01″E
Paldalmun, known locally as Nammun (South Gate), sits in the middle of a roundabout on a busy main road in central Suwon. Its stone base is capped with a two-storey wooden pavilion surrounded by a stone wall. A small, semi-circular protective wall known as an ongseong, is located on the south side (outside) of the gate. The gate also houses a bell called Paldalmun Dongjong, which was originally cast in Gaeseong in 1080 and was refounded in 1687 by Dohwaseung, the chief priest of Manuisa Temple, for use in Buddhist ceremonies. Standing 123 cm tall and 75 cm in diameter, it hangs from a dragon-shaped suspension ring, has a flue pipe to set the tone and has a slightly curved body - features which are typical of Korean bells of that era. This particular bell's flue pipe has a design of the dragon's tail entwined around it and is topped with a lotus flower. The top of the bell has a line of Sanskrit words around it, while the bottom is decorated with arabesque designs. The decorative nipples are interspaced with Bodisattvas holding lotus flowers. The bell is very similar in design to that in Tongdosa, which differs notably from Paldalmun's only in size.[10]

Paldalmun was not damaged during the Korean War, so has not undergone the same extensive rebuild as other structures around the wall. As a result, there has been extensive sagging in some beams, so, beginning in September 2010, a full dismantling, repair and reassembling of the gate's roof is being undertaken.[11]

• South Gate (Paldalmun)
• 
  South face and ongseong seen without traffic
• 
  East face in the evening
• 
  West face at dusk
• 
  Seen across rooftops from Dongnam Gangnu

The location of the South Gate (A) with the missing structures of Hwaseong; B:South-East Gate Guard Platforms; C:South Observation Tower; D:South Floodgate

Four structures of the original Hwaseong Fortress were not reconstructed but are known from the Uigwe. The first two of these were the South-East Gate Guard Platform (남동적대) and the South-West Gate Guard Platform (남서적대), originally located at both sides of the South Gate. The South Secret Gate (남암문) allowed sallies out of the fortress. The Domgnam Gongsimdon, or the South Observation Tower (남공심돈), like that which stands by Hwaseomun, was an observation tower beside the Suwoncheon.

• Missing structures of Hwaseong Fortress
• 
  South Secret Gate
• 
  South Observation Tower

Extending across the Suwoncheon at the southern part of the fortress is Namsumun (남수문), the South Floodgate. Located a little over a kilometer downstream from its sister, Hwahongmun, the gate is 29.4m long, 5.9m wide and 9.3m high. Construction of the original began on February 28, 1794, was interrupted, then continued in November 1795, and ultimately was completed on March 25, 1796, though the gates basic structure was completed as early as January 16 and came into operation at that time. The bridge features nine arches for the water to flow underneath, two more than Hwahongmun because of the increase in water flow. This particular area was considered a weak point in the fortress' defenses, and thus a large brick structure overlooking the stream was built above the bridge. A feature unique to Namsumun, this defensive structure comprises a whole two-thirds of the gate's total height above the arches, with the bridge accounting for the remaining one-third. Notably, Hwahongmun does not have a similar structure and is instead guarded by lower stone walls and a wooden gatehouse.

In 1846, the original Namsumun was swept away in a major flood. It was soon restored but washed away again by a flood in 1922, during the Japanese occupation. During the general restoration of Hwaseong Fortress in 1975, no consensus was obtained on how to rebuild the gate, and the area was left reserved for restoration at a later time. The issue arose again during the rehabilitation of the entire Suwon Stream, inside and outside the Fortress, that was initiated in 2006.[12] Finally, in June 2010, reconstruction work began and was completed in 2012.[13]

• Namsumun
• 
  The Suwoncheon at the site of Namsumun, 2008
• 
  Namsumun

37°16′42″N 127°01′11″E
Dongnam Gangnu, the south-eastern pavilion, sits on top of a small rise above Namsumun (the South Floodgate). Thanks to its elevated height, the pavilion serves as key lookout point, as much of Hwaseong and the area outside to the south and east can be seen from here.

• South-East Pavilion
• 
  The exterior of the South-East Pavilion
• 
  The north side of the pavilion
• 
  View at night
• 
  The South-East Pavilion as it appears in the Uigwe

37°16′44″N 127°01′13″E
Dongsam Chi, the third eastern turret, lies halfway from the south-east pavilion to the second eastern sentry post. Like other turrets, it extends a short distance perpendicularly from the wall to enable guards to see and attack assailants who had already reached the fortress.

• East Turret No. 3
• 
  The exterior of the East Turret No. 3
• 
  Looking towards Dongnam Gangnu
• 
  The south-east corner

37°16′49″N 127°01′14″E
Dong-i Poru, the second eastern sentry post, like other sentry posts, is a wooden structure sitting on a turret. Construction of this post was completed on July 3, 1796 and it was intended to defend the beacon tower. For this purpose, it extends further out from the wall than the north-western sentry post. It also lacks wooden front doors.

• East Sentry Post No. 2
• 
  The steps
• 
  The exterior
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°16′53″N 127°01′17″E
Bongdon, the beacon tower, sits midway from Paldalmun to Changnyongmun. It is located intentionally in direct line with Haenggung so that the king could see its signals. Smokes and lights were used to signal the state of threats. The southernmost of its five chimneys was used during peacetime.

• Beacon Tower
• 
  North side
• 
  Seen from Dong-i Chi
• 
  Doorway
• 
  From the wall
• 
  Northern chimneys from inside
• 
  Southern chimney from inside
• 
  The exterior
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°16′57″N 127°01′20″E
Dong-i Chi, the second eastern turret, like the other nine turrets around Hwaseong, allowed soldiers to look out in many directions along the exterior of the wall. Unlike the other two eastern turrets, the outer corners of this structure are rounded, the others forming sharp right angles.

• East Turret No. 2
• 
  The north side
• 
  The exterior

37°17′01″N 127°01′23″E
Dong-GunTower, the eastern GunTower, lies between the two eastern turrets. Construction of the post was completed on July 16, 1796. As with other GunTowers in Hwaseong, the interior is of multiple levels to allow various angles for firearms and other weapons.

• East GunTower
• 
  The entrance
• 
  Seen from Dong-i Chi
• 
  Seen through a hole in Dong-i Chi
• 
  The exterior
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′05″N 127°01′27″E
Dong-il Chi, the first eastern turret, is the first turret south of the first eastern sentry post, lying 148 metres (486 ft) along the wall towards the beacon tower.

• East Turret No. 1
• 
  Inside the turret
• 
  The exterior
• 

37°17′09″N 127°01′28″E
Dongil-SentryPost, the first eastern sentry post, was completed on July 10, 1796. Like the second eastern sentry post, it extends further from the wall than most posts.

• East Sentry Post No. 1
• 
  Looking south from the post
• 
  The exterior
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′16″N 127°01′31″E
Changnyongmun, known locally as Dongmun (East Gate), sits by a major road junction. Its stone base is capped with a one-storey wooden pavilion. The gate was destroyed during the Korean War, but was reconstructed in 1975.

• East Gate
• 
  The western face
• 
  Nighttime view of the western face
• 
  The southern side
• 
  The eastern face
• 
  Seen from outside
• 
  Seen from outside

37°17′20″N 127°01′31″E
Dongbuk Nodae is one of two crossbow platforms in the fortress and is situated within reach of the east gate and has a wide field of view as it sits on a corner of the wall, enabling archers to target assailants from many angles.

• North-East Crossbow Platform
• 
  Inside face seen from the south
• 
  The north corner of the outside face
• 
  Dongbuk Nodae and Dongbuk Gongsimdon seen from outside the walls
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′22″N 127°01′28″E
Dongbuk Gongsimdon, meaning the north-east observation tower, is situated beside Changnyongmun. Oval in shape, its three stories stand 6.8 metres (22 ft) tall. The roof is accessible by an internal spiral staircase

• North-East Observation Tower
• 
  From the east
• 
  From the south-west
• 
  Nighttime view from the south-west
• 
  Nighttime closeup from the south-west
• 
  From outside the walls
• 
  Internal spiral staircase seen through window from outside
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′18″N 127°01′23″E
Dongjangdae, meaning eastern command post, stands next to Dongbuk Gongsimdon, facing Changnyongmun across an archery field. When the king was in residence in Haenggung, within the fortress walls, there were two generals and four soldiers on guard in this command post at all times. (There were five night shifts.) Each officer was armed with a bow and arrow, sword and baton. The command post is nicknamed Yeonmudae, a reference to its second function as a training camp.

• 
  The southern side
• 
  Nighttime view of the southern side
• 
  The eastern side
• 
  Annexe just below the main building
• 
  Gateway on the western side

37°17′14″N 127°01′17″E
Dongammun, the eastern secret gate, situated 140 metres (459 ft) from Dongjangdae, was used for passage of people, animals and munitions. Construction of the gate, which sits beneath a brick structure surmounted with a large round parapet, was completed on March 25, 1796.

• East Secret Gate
• 
  Outside face
• 
  Outside face seen from the north-east
• 
  Door seen from outside
• 
  Inside face
• 
  Interior seen from the west
• 
  The interior seen from the wall to the west
• 
  The exterior seen from the wall to the west
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′15″N 127°01′11″E
The Dongbuk-SentryPost stands between the north and east secret gates, and protects their outskirts. This structure shall not be confused with the Bukdong-GunTower.

• East-North Sentry Post
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′14″N 127°01′07″E
Bukammun, or officially the third north gate (제3북암문) is the only remaining secret gate of the three originals. It lies close to the north-east pavilion.

• North Secret Gate
• 
  The gate and the north-east pavilion
• 
  The gate seen from the walls
• 
  Outside face
• 
  Inside face
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′15″N 127°01′06″E
The north-east pavilion is known as Dongbuk Gangnu and nicknamed Banghwasuryujeong. It sits above Yongyeon, a pond surrounded by a small garden. It was originally intended to be the second battle command post, though its scenic location made it a place favoured instead for feasts.

• North-East Pavilion
• 
  Daytime view
• 
  Nighttime view
• 
  Seen from the Suwoncheon
• 
  Closeup
• 
  Seen from Yongyeon
• 
  Outflow from Yongyeon a few metres downstream from Hwahongmun
• 
  Level view
• 
  Closeup of wall
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′15″N 127°01′04″E
Hwahongmun, otherwise known as Buksumun, is the gate under which the Suwoncheon flows on entering the area encompassed by Hwaseong and exited through Namsumun. The gate has the obvious function of being a bridge, but also housed cannons for defensive purposes. The Suwoncheon was widened at this point and the gate has seven arches through which it passes.

• Hwahongmun
• 
  The north side
• 
  From the path beside the Suwoncheon (upstream)
• 
  The north side in snow
• 
  View downstream
• 
  The south side in snow
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′19″N 127°01′00″E
Bukdong-GunTower sits between Janganmun and Hwahongmun. This tower controls the North-East outskirts of the Fortress, and protects Hwahongmun. It was completed on September 23, 1794. Not to be confused with 동북포루, the East-North SentryPost.

• North-East GunTower
• 
  From the west
• 
  The west side
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′21″N 127°00′54″E
Bukdong Chi, the north-eastern turret, sits immediately to the east of the north-eastern gate guard platform.

• North-East Turret
• 
  From the wall

37°17′21″N 127°00′53″E
Bukdong Jeokdae is a platform immediately to the east of Janganmun. It housed a cannon to protect the gate and its ongseong.

• North-East Gate Guard Platform
• 
  See from the west in snow
• 
  Outside

37°17′20″N 127°00′51″E
Janganmun, known locally as Bungmun (North Gate), is the largest such gate in Korea. Some believe this is intentional, as it is through this gate that visitors from Seoul will have entered Suwon and this would be in keeping with King Jeongjo's original desire to move the capital of the country to Suwon. Janganmun's stone base is capped with a two-storey wooden pavilion. A small, semi-circular protective wall known as an ongseong, is located outside the gate. The gate was destroyed in the Korean War and reconstructed in the 1970s.

• North Gate
• 
  Nighttime view of the interior face
• 
  Nighttime view of the roof
• 
  Seen from Bukseo Jeokdae
• 
  Seen from Bukseo Jeokdae in snow
• 
  The ongseong
• 
  View from inside Janganmun

37°17′19″N 127°00′49″E
Bukseo Jeokdae is a platform immediately to the west of Janganmun. It housed a cannon to protect the gate and its ongseong.

• North-West Gate Guard Platform
• 
  The west side

37°17′14″N 127°00′44″E
Bukseo-GunTower is adjacent to Bukseo Jeokdae. Made from black bricks, it is divided into three storeys internally by boards. Firearms were secreted on these floors. The roof is unusual in design, being gabled on the inner side (towards the wall) and angled to the outer side (away from the wall). Construction was completed on September 24, 1794.

• North-West GunTower
• 
  The west side
• 
  The south side
• 
  The roof
• 
  The exterior
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′14″N 127°00′44″E
Buk-SentryPost is another Sentry Post containing hidden firearms. This is closer to Hwaseomun than to Janganmun. Today a tourist information centre and public toilet stand on the north side of the structure. Construction was completed on February 20, 1795.

• North Sentry Post
• 
  The west side
• 
  The east side
• 
  Seen from outside
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′09″N 127°00′34″E
Seobuk Gongsimdon is an observation tower standing directly adjacent to Hwaseomun, giving it the obvious function of being a lookout post to protect the gate. Built from bricks on three sides, its inside is partitioned into three storeys with two wooden floors, from which soldiers could fire cannons and other firearms. It is said that, in 1797, on visiting Suwon, King Jeongjo claimed to his companions that this was the first gongsimdon in Korea. Its construction was completed on March 10, 1796.

• North-West Observation Tower
• 
  From outside Hwaseomun in snow
• 
  From the wall
• 
  Hwaseomun and the tower
• 
  From the south-west
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′08″N 127°00′35″E
Hwaseomun is the west gate to Hwaseong. Its stone base is capped with a one-storey wooden pavilion.

• West Gate
• 
  From outside the walls in snow
• 
  Hwaseomun, Bukseo Poru, Buk Poru and Janganmun
• 
  Nighttime view
• 
  From the south
• 
  The inside face in snow
• 
  The inside face in snow
• 
  The inside face

37°17′04″N 127°00′30″E
Seobuk Gangnu, facing a hill known as Sukjisan, is the lookout post immediately anti-clockwise from Hwaseomun. With less of a wide field of view than from the other side of the gate, it is shorter than the gongsimdon a short distance to the north-east. The pavilion's ground floor is fitted with an under-floor heating system.

• North-West Pavilion
• 
  The west side
• 
  A corner of the pavilion
• 
  Seen from outside the walls in snow
• 
  Seen from outside
• 
  View from Seobuk Gangnu
• 
  The interior
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°17′02″N 127°00′29″E
Seo-il Chi, meaning West Turret 1, is a small bulge in the wall to allow soldiers to fire upon anyone attempting to scale Hwaseong from the outside.

• West Turret No. 1
• 
  The south side
• 
  The turret and Seobuk Gangnu
• 
  The interior
• 
  Seobuk Gangnu (left) and Seoil Chi (right)

37°16′57″N 127°00′31″E
Seo-GunTower sits partway up the hill named Paldalsan when heading anti-clockwise from Hwaseomun to Seojangdae. It controls the outskirts of Mount Paldal, and protects the Western Command Post (seojangdae). It was completed on May 30, 1796, and was one of Hwaseong's most heavily armed posts. This structure shall not be confused with the Seo-SentryPost.

• West GunTower
• 
  The south side
• 
  The exterior
• 
  The exterior
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°16′54″N 127°00′34″E
Seo-i Chi, the second turret on the west of Hwaseong, stands just below Seonodae on the slopes of Paldalsan. Its purpose, as with any turret, was to provide a location to attack people trying to scale the walls.

• West Turret No. 2
• 
  The south side
• 
  The interior
• 
  The Exterior

37°16′51″N 127°00′36″E
Seonodae is an octagonal, steep-stepped, black brick platform directly adjacent to Seojangdae at the crest of Paldalsan when heading uphill from Hwaseomun. From here, archers could attack assailants in a wide range of directions and facing downhill, too.

• West Crossbow Platform
• 
  Seen from the front
• 
  Seen from the side
• 
  Original piece of wall by Seonodae
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°16′51″N 127°00′36″E
Seojangdae, meaning western command post, sits atop Paldalsan, a small hill over which the higher section of Hwaseong runs. Seojangdae was destroyed by a fire in 1996 and was reconstructed afterwards. However, on May 1, 2006, an arsonist attacked Seojangdae. The arsonist reportedly caused the fire by lighting his clothes and underwear with a cigarette lighter. The fire caused about ₩6 billion in damage (about $6 million), destroying the upper floor of the watchtower. Seojangdae was reconstructed in 2007.

• West Command Post
• 
  Nighttime view
• 
  Daytime view
• 
  View from Seonodae

37°16′49″N 127°00′36″E
Seoammun, the West Secret Gate, lies 50 metres (164 ft) south of Seojangdae. Sitting on a forested part of the ridge of the hill Paldalsan, it was designed to provide access in and out under cover. Today, it is easily accessible from the road outside, being located near Jindallae (Azalea) Public Toilets.

• West Secret Gate
• 
  Interior side
• 
  The outside
• 
  Closeup of door
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°16′45″N 127°00′35″E
Seo-SentryPost sits on a turret projecting from the wall 140 metres (459 ft). It controls and protects the West Secret Gate that sits immediately southwards. The structure was completed on August 18, 1796. This structure shall not be confused with the Seo-GunTower, which sits on the other side of Seojangdae.

• West Sentry Post
• 
  The south side
• 
  Steps
• 
  Panelling

37°16′39″N 127°00′39″E
Seosam Chi, the third western turret, has the same function as the other nine turrets around Hwaseong. It sits just north of the south-western spur.

• West Turret No. 3
• 
  The south side
• 
  The entrance
• 
  The interior
• 
  Seen from outside

37°16′38″N 127°00′42″E
Seonam Ammun is the beginning of a path to Seonam Gangnu, the south-western pavilion. The gate used to contain a house known as a posa, and Seonam Posa, the south-western posa, sat above the gate, enabling soldiers to keep watch and issue alerts.

• South-West Secret Gate
• 
  Seen from the spur (Original wall visible)
• 
  The upper section
• 
  Seen from Yongdo
• 
  Seen from outside
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°16′35″N 127°00′43″E
In order to control the ridge along the Mount Paldal, Hwaseong fortress has a spur known as Yongdo. It branches from the main ring at Seonam Ammun, at the top of the hill, runs to the south-west end of Mount Paldal and arrives at the South-West Pavilion, Seonam Gangnu, also known as Hwayangnu. Nowadays this spur provides a large view over the town, including the Suwon Station.

• South-West Spur
• 
  From the upper section of Seonam Ammun
• 
  Looking north-east from Seonam Gangnu
• 
  Looking north-east to Seonam Ammun
• 
  View from Seonam Gangnu

37°16′34″N 127°00′44″E
Two turrets are situated midway along the south-west spur from the South-West Secret Gate to the South-West Pavilion. On the right when coming from the Secret Gate, the South-West Turret 1 (Seonamilchi 서남일치) extends to the West and overlooks the city of Suwon towards Seoho. It is also called South-West Spur's Western Turret (용도서치).

• South-West Spur's Western Turret
• 
  The spur's western turret

37°16′32″N 127°00′44″E
Seonam Gangnu, also called Hwayangnu, lies at the end of the spur from Seonam Ammun, from which a lot of Suwon can be seen, including Suwon Station.

• South-West Pavilion
• 
  From the south
• 
  Seonam Gangnu at the end of the spur
• 
  Flooring
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°16′35″N 127°00′44″E
Two turrets are situated midway along the south-west spur from the South-West Secret Gate to the South-West Pavilion. On the right when coming from the South-West Pavilion, the South-West Turret 2 (Seonamichi 서남이치) extends to the East and overlooks the wall towards Paldalmun (though this cannot be seen nowadays as the hill has become thickly forested). It is also called South-West Spur's Eastern Turret (용도동치).

• South-West Spur's Eastern Turret
• 
  The spur's eastern turret

37°16′38″N 127°00′48″E
Nam-GunTower sits between the Spur and the South Turret, and controls the outskirts of the Fortress, especially near Paddalmun..

• South GunTower
• 
  The east side
• 
  The west side
• 
  Seen from outside
• 
  Uigwe picture

37°16′38″N 127°00′52″E
Nam Chi, the southern turret, juts out from the wall on the slopes of Paldalsan uphill from Paldalmun yet below Nam Poru.

• South Turret
• 
  The west side
• 
  Closeup from the west

Both the south and north gates originally had guard platforms to either side. Today, only those beside the north gate remain.

37°16′55″N 127°00′52″E
Sinpung means new home town, indicating that the main gate of Haenggung was named to reflect King Jeongjo's affection for Suwon.

• 
  The east face
• 
  During a festival

This is the entrance to Jangnakdang, and means great dragon representing an empire.

• 
  The east face

These were the main quarters of Haenggung, so the yusu families resided here most of the time.

The state examinations and banquet for the poor (on the occasion of Lady Hong's 61st birthday) were held here.

King Jeongjo used this building to speak with his subjects.

• 
  The east side

This building was used to celebrate the 61st birthday of Lady Hong.

• 
  Nighttime view of Bongsudang

This was King Jeongjo's bedroom in Haenggung. He prayed to Lady Hong for longevity here.

This was where King Jeongjo practised archery. The name implies that the king hit the bull's eye on every occasion.

This structure was built as the king dreamt of abdicating the throne and retiring to Suwon in old age.

Events were held here to celebrate the arrival of the kings.

This is the gate between the first two courtyards after entering Haenggung through Sinpungnu.[14]

• 
  Seen from near Sinpungnu

This is the gate between the second and third courtyards after entering Haenggung through Sinpungnu and continuing through Jwaingmun.

• 
  The east side seen from near Jwaikmun
• 
  The west side seen from Gyeongnyonggwan

This Buddhist temple is situated between Seojangdae and Haenggung Palace.[15]

• 
  Front view
• 
  Side view
• 
  Temple below the statue
• 
  Details of the pillar

A variety of traditional performances are enacted each Saturday from March to November at 2 p.m.

Twenty-four martial arts are demonstrated following the routine used in King Jeongjo's time as king. The twenty-four arts were compiled in 1790 by Lee Deokmu and Park Jega, who had received orders as such from King Jeongjo and a master of martial arts at that time, Baek Dongsu. The textbook they made for instruction in martial arts was formed by the arts of the Joseon dynasty. These martial arts were then practised by the soldiers of Hwaseong under the supervision of Jang Yongyeong. The demonstration occurs at 11 a.m. daily from March to November excepting Mondays, and is performed on Saturdays and Sundays only in December.

This ceremony is a reconstruction of that which was held in Hwaseong in the 1790s by the royal guards who had been promoted to the position of hunryeon dogam, meaning training guards. There were twelve thousand guards housed in Korea's largest military camp. When King Jeongjo moved his father's body to Hwasan in Suwon in 1789 he named the tomb Hyeonryungwon and deployed soldiers from this camp to guard the new site. After changing the name of the fortress from Suwonbu to Hwaseong in 1793, a camp attached to Jang Yongyeong was built within the walls. Hwaseong's official website states that this performance occurs at 2 p.m. each Sunday from March to November.