Ligue 2
Ligue 2 (French pronunciation: [liɡ dø], League 2), also known as Ligue 2 BKT due to sponsorship by Balkrishna Industries, is a French professional football league. The league serves as the second division of French football and is one of two divisions making up the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP), the other being Ligue 1, the country's top football division. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with both Ligue 1 and the third division Championnat National. Seasons run from August to May, with teams playing 38 games each, totalling 380 games in the season. Most games are played on Fridays and Mondays, with a few games played during weekday and weekend evenings. Play is regularly suspended the last weekend before Christmas for two weeks before returning in the second week of January.
 | |
| Organising body | Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP) |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1933 |
| Country |  France |
| Confederation | UEFA |
| Number of teams | 20 (18 from 2024–25) |
| Level on pyramid | 2 |
| Promotion to | Ligue 1 |
| Relegation to | Championnat National |
| Domestic cup(s) | Coupe de France |
| International cup(s) | UEFA Europa League (via cups) |
| Current champions | Toulouse (3rd title) (2021–22) |
| Most championships | Le Havre Nancy (5 titles each) |
| TV partners | beIN Sports Téléfoot VTVcab (Pau FC matches only) |
| Website | Ligue2.fr (in French) |
| Current: 2022–23 Ligue 2 | |
Ligue 2 was founded a year after the creation of the first division in 1933 under the name Division 2 and has served as the second division of French football ever since. The name lasted until 2002 before switching to its current name. Since the league is a part of the LFP, it allows clubs who are on the brink of professionalism to become so. However, if a club suffers relegation to the Championnat National, its professional status can be revoked temporarily until they return to Ligue 2.
History
The second division of French football was established in 1933, one year after the creation of the all-professional first division. The inaugural season of the competition consisted of the six clubs who were relegated following the 1932–33 National season, as well as many of the clubs who opposed the creation of the first division the previous season. Clubs such as Strasbourg, RC Roubaix, and Amiens SC all played in the second division's debut season despite having prior grievances with the subjective criteria needed to become professional and play in the first division. The first year of the second division consisted of twenty-three clubs and were divided into two groups (Nord and Sud). Fourteen of the clubs were inserted into the Nord section, while the remaining nine were placed in Sud. Following the season, the winner of each group faced each other to determine which club would earn promotion. On 20 May 1934, the winner of the Nord group, Red Star Saint-Ouen, faced Olympique Alès, the winner of the Sud group. Red Star were crowned the league's inaugural champions following a 3–2 victory. Despite losing, Alès was also promoted to the first division and they were followed by Strasbourg and Mulhouse, who each won a pool championship, after the first division agreed to expand its teams to 16.
| Season | Winner |
|---|---|
| 1933–34 | Red Star Saint-Ouen |
| 1934–35 | CS Metz |
| 1935–36 | Rouen |
| 1936–37 | Lens |
| 1937–38 | Le Havre |
| 1938–39 | Red Star Saint-Ouen |
Due to several clubs merging, folding, or losing their professional status, the federation turned the second division into a 16-team league and adopted the single-table method for the 1934–35 season. Due to the unpredictable nature of French football clubs, the following season, the league increased to 19 clubs and, two years later, increased its allotment to 25 teams with the clubs being divided into four groups. Because of World War II, football was suspended by the French government and the Ligue de Football Professionnel. Following the end of the war, the second division developed stability. Due to the increase in amateur clubs, the league intertwined professional and amateur clubs and allowed the latter to become professional if they met certain benchmarks. In 2002, the league changed its name from Division 2 to Ligue 2.
In November 2014, the presidents of Caen and Nîmes were amongst several arrested on suspicion of match fixing. The arrests followed a 1–1 draw between Caen and Nîmes in May 2014, a result very beneficial for each club.[1][2]
Competition format
There are 20 clubs in Ligue 2. During the course of a season, usually from August to May, each club plays the others twice, once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned champion and promoted to Ligue 1. If points are equal, the goal difference and then goals scored determine the winner. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship or for relegation, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. The second-place finisher are also promoted to the first division. The fourth and fifth-place finishers play a one leg fixture at the fourth-place finisher's stadium, the winner of this fixture faces the third-place finisher at the third-place finisher's stadium, the winner of this fixture plays the 18th-placed team in Ligue 1 for the right to play in Ligue 1 the following season. The three lowest placed teams are relegated to the Championnat National and the top three teams from National are promoted in their place. While a decision was originally made that during the 2015–16 season only the best two teams would be promoted to Ligue 1 and the last two teams would be relegated to the National,[3] that decision was later overturned by an appeal to the Conseil d'État[4] and the French Football Federation.[5][6]
In December 2021, the majority of LFP member clubs, including Championnat National club leaders, voted to contract Ligue 2 from 20 to 18 clubs for the 2024–25 season. This will happen one year after Ligue 1 itself drops from 20 to 18 teams for the 2023-24 season. The plan is for Ligue 2 to relegate four clubs to, and promote two from, National at the end of 2023–24.[7]
Ligue 2 members (2021–22 season)
| Club | Finishing position last season | Location | Venue | Capacity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ajaccio | 13th | Ajaccio | Stade François Coty | 10,446 |
| Amiens | 10th | Amiens | Stade de la Licorne | 12,097 |
| Auxerre | 6th | Auxerre | Stade de l'Abbé-Deschamps | 21,379 |
| Bastia | 1st in Championnat National (promoted) | Furiani | Stade Armand Cesari | 16,078 |
| Caen | 17th | Caen | Stade Michel d'Ornano | 21,215 |
| Dijon | 20th in Ligue 1 (relegated) | Dijon | Stade Gaston Gérard | 15,995 |
| Dunkerque | 16th | Dunkirk | Stade Marcel-Tribut | 4,200 |
| Grenoble | 4th | Grenoble | Stade des Alpes | 20,068 |
| Guingamp | 9th | Guingamp | Stade de Roudourou | 18,378 |
| Le Havre | 12th | Le Havre | Stade Océane | 25,178 |
| Nancy | 8th | Tomblaine | Stade Marcel Picot | 20,087 |
| Nîmes | 19th in Ligue 1 (relegated) | Nîmes | Stade des Costières | 18,482 |
| Niort | 18th | Niort | Stade René Gaillard | 10,886 |
| Paris FC | 5th | Paris (13th arrondissement) | Stade Charléty | 20,000 |
| Pau | 14th | Pau | Nouste Camp | 4,031 |
| Rodez | 15th | Rodez | Stade Paul-Lignon | 5,955 |
| Quevilly-Rouen | 2nd in Championnat National (promoted) | Rouen | Stade Robert Diochon | 12,018 |
| Sochaux | 7th | Montbéliard | Stade Auguste Bonal | 20,005 |
| Toulouse | 3rd | Toulouse | Stadium Municipal | 33,150 |
| Valenciennes | 11th | Valenciennes | Stade du Hainaut | 25,172 |
Previous winners
| Club | Winners | Runners-up | Winning years | Runner-up years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Le Havre | 5 | 1 | 1937–38, 1958–59, 1984–85, 1990–91, 2007–08 | 1949–50 |
| Nancy | 5 | 1 | 1974–75, 1989–90, 1997–98, 2004–05, 2015–16 | 1969–70 |
| Lens | 4 | 2 | 1936–37, 1948–49, 1972–73, 2008–09 | 2013–14, 2019–20 |
| Nice | 4 | 1 | 1947–48, 1964–65, 1969–70, 1993–94 | 1984–85 |
| Lille | 4 | 1 | 1963–64, 1973–74, 1977–78, 1999–2000 | 1970–71 |
| Metz | 4 | 3 | 1934–35, 2006–07, 2013–14, 2018–19 | 1950–51, 1960–61, 1966–67 |
| Montpellier | 3 | 3 | 1945–46, 1960–61, 1986–87 | 1951–52, 1980–81, 2008–09 |
| Saint-Étienne | 3 | 3 | 1962–63, 1998–99, 2003–04 | 1933–34, 1937–38, 1985–86 |
| Strasbourg | 3 | 2 | 1976–77, 1987–88, 2016–17 | 1971–72, 2001–02 |
| Toulouse | 3 | 1 | 1981–82, 2002–03, 2021–22 | 1996–97 |
| Lyon | 3 | – | 1950–51, 1953–54, 1988–89 | |
| Rennes | 2 | 5 | 1955–56, 1982–83 | 1938–39, 1957–58, 1975–76, 1989–90, 1993–94 |
| Valenciennes | 2 | 5 | 1971–72, 2005–06 | 1934–35, 1936–37, 1961–62, 1974–75, 1991–92 |
| Red Star | 2 | 3 | 1933–34, 1938–39 | 1954–55, 1964–65, 1973–74 |
| Angers | 2 | 3 | 1968–69, 1975–76 | 1955–56, 1977–78, 1992–93 |
| Sochaux | 2 | 2 | 1946–47, 2000–01 | 1963–64, 1987–88 |
| Ajaccio | 2 | 2 | 1966–67, 2001–02 | 2010–11, 2021–22 |
| Caen | 2 | 2 | 1995–96, 2009–10 | 2003–04, 2006–07 |
| Troyes | 2 | 2 | 2014–15, 2020–21 | 1953–54, 1972–73 |
| Alès | 2 | 1 | 1933–34, 1956–57 | 1946–47 |
| FC Nancy | 2 | 1 | 1945–46, 1957–58 | 1959–60 |
| Reims | 2 | 1 | 1965–66, 2017–18 | 2011–12 |
| Grenoble | 2 | – | 1959–60, 1961–62 | |
| Bastia | 2 | – | 1967–68, 2011–12 | |
| Nîmes | 1 | 3 | 1949–50 | 1967–68, 1990–91, 2017–18 |
| Sedan | 1 | 3 | 1954–55 | 1971–72, 1998–99, 2005–06 |
| Brest | 1 | 3 | 1980–81 | 1978–79, 2009–10, 2018–19 |
| Marseille | 1 | 3 | 1994–95 | 1965–66, 1983–84, 1995–96 |
| Monaco | 1 | 3 | 2012–13 | 1952–53, 1970–71, 1976–77 |
| Rouen | 1 | 2 | 1935–36 | 1933–34, 1981–82 |
| Stade Français | 1 | 2 | 1951–52 | 1945–46, 1958–59 |
| Lorient | 1 | 2 | 2019–20 | 1997–98, 2000–01 |
| Toulouse (1937) | 1 | 1 | 1952–53 | 1945–46 |
| Tours | 1 | 1 | 1983–84 | 1979–80 |
| Bordeaux | 1 | 1 | 1991–92 | 1948–49 |
| Paris Saint-Germain | 1 | – | 1970–71 | |
| Gueugnon | 1 | – | 1978–79 | |
| Auxerre | 1 | – | 1979–80 | |
| RCF Paris | 1 | – | 1985–86 | |
| Martigues | 1 | – | 1992–93 | |
| Châteauroux | 1 | – | 1996–97 | |
| Evian | 1 | – | 2010–11 |
Notes:
- AS Nancy Lorraine is not the successor to FC Nancy.
- Toulouse FC is not the successor to Toulouse FC (1937).
Top goalscorers
| Season | Goals | Top scorer(s) | Club(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1933–34 | 54 goals | Jean Nicolas | Rouen |
| 1934–35 | 30 goals | Jean Nicolas | Rouen |
| 1935–36 | 45 goals | Jean Nicolas | Rouen |
| 1936–37 | 30 goals | Viktor Spechtl | Lens |
| 1937–38 | 29 goals | Hugo Lammana | CA Paris |
| 1938–39 | 39 goals | Harold Newell & Planques | Boulogne & Toulouse FC (1937) |
| 1939–45 | World War II | ||
| 1945–46 | 27 goals | Campiglia | Angers |
| 1946–47 | 45 goals | Jozef "Pépé" Humpal | Sochaux |
| 1947–48 | 28 goals | Henri Arnaudeau | Bordeaux |
| 1948–49 | 41 goals | Camille Libar | Bordeaux |
| 1949–50 | 27 goals | Edmund Haan | Nîmes |
| 1950–51 | 23 goals | Thadée Cisowski | Metz |
| 1951–52 | 34 goals | Egon Johnsson | Stade Français |
| 1952–53 | 27 goals | Bror Mellberg | Toulouse FC (1937) |
| 1953–54 | 36 goals | Jean Courteaux | RC Paris |
| 1954–55 | 40 goals | Petrus Van Rhijn | Valenciennes |
| 1955–56 | 32 goals | Petrus Van Rhijn | Valenciennes |
| 1956–57 | 27 goals | Fernand Devlaeminck | Lille |
| 1957–58 | 29 goals | Egon Johnsson | FC Nancy |
| 1958–59 | 31 goals | Petrus Van Rhijn | Stade Français |
| 1959–60 | 29 goals | Corbel | Rouen |
| 1960–61 | 28 goals | Casimir Kozakiewicz | Strasbourg |
| 1961–62 | 21 goals | Serge Masnaghetti | Valenciennes |
| 1962–63 | 24 goals | Ernesto Gianella | Béziers |
| 1963–64 | 21 goals | Abderrahmane Soukhane | Le Havre |
| 1964–65 | 22 goals | Anton Groschulski | Red Star |
| 1965–66 | 30 goals | Pierre Ferrazzi | Grenoble |
| 1966–67 | 23 goals | Etienne Sansonetti | Bastia |
| 1967–68 | 26 goals | Jacques Bonnet | Avignon |
| 1968–69 | 55 goals | Gérard Grizetti | Angoulême |
| 1969–70 | 21 goals | Robert Blanc | FC Nancy |
| 1970–71 | 20 goals 20 goals 20 goals | Nord: Yves Triantafyllos Centre: Robert Blanc Sud: Emmanuel Koum | Boulogne Limoges Monaco |
| 1971–72 | 20 goals 28 goals 40 goals | Gr. A: Pierre Pleimelding Gr. B: Yegba Maya Joseph Gr. C: Marc Molitor | Troyes Valenciennes Strasbourg |
| 1972–73 | 22 goals 31 goals | Gr. A: Eugeniusz Faber Gr. B: Gérard Tonnel | Lens Troyes |
| 1973–74 | 26 goals 24 goals | Gr. A: Erwin Wilczek Gr. B: Nestor Combin | Valenciennes Red Star |
| 1974–75 | 25 goals 28 goals | Gr. A: Georges Tripp Gr. B: Jean Martinez | Laval Nancy |
| 1975–76 | 22 goals 25 goals | Gr. A: Boško Antić Gr. B: Marc Berdoll | Caen Angers |
| 1976–77 | 30 goals 24 goals | Gr. A: Delio Onnis Gr. B: Albert Gemmrich | Monaco Strasbourg |
| 1977–78 | 19 goals 23 goals | Gr. A: Giudicelli Gr. B: Jean-Claude Garnier Gr. B: Pierre-Antoine Dossevi | Alès Dunkerque Tours |
| 1978–79 | 24 goals 26 goals | Gr. A: Antoine Trivino Gr. B: Patrice Martet | Gueugnon Brest |
| 1979–80 | 16 goals 19 goals | Gr. A: Alain Polaniok Gr. A: Bernard Ferrigno Gr. B: Jacky Vergnes Gr. B: Robert Pintenat | Reims Tours Montpellier Toulouse |
| 1980–81 | 32 goals 22 goals | Gr. A: Robert Pintenat Gr. B: Marcel Campagnac | Toulouse Sporting Club Abbeville |
| 1981–82 | 18 goals 25 goals | Gr. A: Marc Pascal Gr. B: Zarko Olaveric Gr. B: Isiaka Ouattara | Marseille Le Havre Mulhouse |
| 1982–83 | 28 goals 18 goals | Gr. A: Wlodzimierz Lubanski Gr. B: Christian Dalger | Valenciennes Toulon |
| 1983–84 | 23 goals 23 goals | Gr. A: Mario Relmy Gr. B: Omar Da Fonseca | Limoges Tours |
| 1984–85 | 27 goals 28 goals | Gr. A: John Eriksen Gr. B: Jorge Dominguez | Mulhouse Nice |
| 1985–86 | 22 goals 29 goals | Gr. A: Jean-Marc Valadier Gr. B: Eugene N'Goy Kabongo | Montpellier RC Paris |
| 1986–87 | 22 goals 21 goals | Gr. A: Zvonko Kurbos Gr. B: Gaspard N'Gouete | Mulhouse Bastia |
| 1987–88 | 18 goals 26 goals | Gr. A: Jean-Pierre Orts Gr. A: Stéphane Paille Gr. B: Patrice Martet | Lyon Sochaux Rouen |
| 1988–89 | 22 goals 27 goals | Gr. A: Roberto Cabanas Gr. B: Robby Langers | Brest Orléans |
| 1989–90 | 26 goals 21 goals | Gr. A: Didier Monczuk Gr. B: Jean-Pierre Orts | Strasbourg Rouen |
| 1990–91 | 23 goals 19 goals | Gr. A: Didier Monczuk Gr. B: Christophe Lagrange | Strasbourg Angers |
| 1991–92 | 22 goals 21 goals | Gr. A: Jean-Pierre Orts Gr. B: Didier Monczuk | Rouen Strasbourg |
| 1992–93 | 21 goals 18 goals | Gr. A: Franck Priou Gr. B: Jean-Pierre Orts | Cannes Rouen |
| 1993–94 | 27 goals | Yannick Le Saux | Stade Briochin |
| 1994–95 | 31 goals | Tony Cascarino | Marseille |
| 1995–96 | 30 goals | Tony Cascarino | Marseille |
| 1996–97 | 23 goals | Samuel Michel | Sochaux |
| 1997–98 | 20 goals | Reginald Ray | Le Mans |
| 1998–99 | 20 goals | Hamed Diallo | Laval |
| 1999–2000 | 17 goals | Amara Traoré | Gueugnon |
| 2000–01 | 21 goals | Francileudo Santos | Sochaux |
| 2001–02 | 18 goals | Hamed Diallo | Amiens |
| 2002–03 | 20 goals | Cédric Fauré | Toulouse |
| 2003–04 | 17 goals | David Suarez | Amiens |
| 2004–05 | 24 goals | Bakari Koné | Lorient |
| 2005–06 | 16 goals | Jean-Michel Lesage & Steve Savidan | Le Havre & Valenciennes |
| 2006–07 | 18 goals | Jean-Michel Lesage & Kandia Traore | Le Havre & Le Havre |
| 2007–08 | 28 goals | Guillaume Hoarau | Le Havre |
| 2008–09 | 18 goals | Grégory Thil | Boulogne |
| 2009–10 | 21 goals | Olivier Giroud | Tours |
| 2010–11 | 23 goals | Sebastián Ribas | Dijon |
| 2011–12 | 15 goals | Cédric Fauré | Reims |
| 2012–13 | 23 goals | Mustapha Yatabaré | Guingamp |
| 2013–14 | 23 goals | Andy Delort & Mathieu Duhamel | Tours & Caen |
| 2014–15 | 18 goals | Mickaël Le Bihan | Le Havre |
| 2015–16 | 21 goals | Famara Diedhiou | Clermont |
| 2016–17 | 23 goals | Adama Niane | Troyes |
| 2017–18 | 24 goals | Umut Bozok | Nîmes |
| 2018–19 | 27 goals | Gaëtan Charbonnier | Brest |
| 2019–20 | 20 goals | Tino Kadewere | Le Havre |
| 2020–21 | 22 goals | Mohamed Bayo | Clermont |
| 2021–22 | 20 goals | Rhys Healey | Toulouse |
Records
- 5 minutes: the time it took Angelo Fulgini (Valenciennes, 2016–17 season) to score the fastest hat trick in the history of Ligue 2.
- 5 times: the number of times Le Havre and Nancy won the second division championship.
- Number of points won by a team in a single season, without achieving promotion to Ligue 1:
- 77 points (1994–95 season) or 1.833 points per game (42 games) for Toulouse.
- 72 points (1995–96 season, 22 teams involved): or 1.71 points per game for Laval.
- 71 points (2018–19 season, 20 teams involved): or 1.868 points per game for Troyes.
- 70 points (2020–21 season, 20 teams involved): or 1.84 points per game for Toulouse.
- 52 points (curtailed 2019–20 season, 20 teams involved) or 1.857 points per game (28 games) for Ajaccio.
- 128 goals: The number of goals scored in 40 games (a single season) by Angers in 40 games, (1968–69 season).
- 55 goals: the number of goals scored in a season by Gerard Grizzetti, forward playing for Angoulême (1969).
- 41 seasons: Number of seasons played by the Besançon and Cannes.
- The fastest goal in the history of Ligue 2 was marked on 26 September 2009 by Rémi Maréval against Nîmes. After eight seconds of play, the ball crossed the goal line of Nicolas Puydebois.
Broadcaster
France
| Duration | Broadcaster |
|---|---|
| 2012–13 → 2023–24 | beIN Sports |
| 2008–09 → 2011–12 | Eurosport |
| 2008–09 → 2009–10 | Numericable |
| 2020–21 | Téléfoot |
| 2021–22 → 2023–24 | beIN Sports (2 matches)
Amazon Prime Video (8 matches) L’Equipe (1 match from Amazon) |
Sponsorship names
- Ligue 2 Domino's Pizza (2016–2020)
- Ligue 2 BKT (2020–present)
Notes
References
- "Marseille arrests and match-fixing probe rock French football". France 24. Archived from the original on 18 March 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- "Presidents of two French clubs arrested on match-fixing suspicions". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- "Ligue 1 reduces relegation spots from three to two from next season". ESPN FC. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
- "Ligue 1 relegation places stay at three, uncertainty continues". ESPN FC. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
- "Le référé de la LFP rejeté". Le Figaro.fr (in French). 14 August 2015.
- "Ligue 1/Ligue 2 : il y aura bien trois rélégations/promotions". Le Parisien. 3 February 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
- "Foot : la Ligue 2 à 18 clubs à partir de 2024-2025". Le Figaro. Agence France-Presse. 9 December 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
- VTV, BAO DIEN TU (19 July 2022). "VTVcab chính thức sở hữu bản quyền phát sóng các trận đấu của Quang Hải cùng Pau FC tại Ligue 2" [VTVcab officially owns the rights to broadcast Quang Hai's matches with Pau FC in Ligue 2]. BAO DIEN TU VTV (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 26 July 2022.
External links
- Official website (in French)
- Ligue1.com/ligue2 (official website) at the Wayback Machine (archived 29 August 2019) (in English)
- League321.com – French football league tables, records & statistics database.
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