List of premiers of New Brunswick

The Canadian province of New Brunswick was a British crown colony before it joined Canada in 1867.[1] It had a system of responsible government beginning in 1854, and has kept its own legislature to deal with provincial matters.[2] New Brunswick has a unicameral Westminster-style parliamentary government, in which the premier is the leader of the party that has the confidence of the Legislative Assembly to form a government. The premier is New Brunswick's head of government, and the King of Canada is its head of state and is represented by the Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick. The premier picks a cabinet from the elected members to form the Executive Council of New Brunswick, and presides over that body.[3]

Members are first elected to the legislature during general elections. General elections must be conducted every five years from the date of the last election, but the premier may ask for early dissolution of the Legislative Assembly. An election may also take place if the governing party loses the confidence of the legislature by the defeat of a supply bill or tabling of a confidence motion.[3]

New Brunswick has had 36 individuals serve as first minister. The province had five individuals as leaders while a colony, and 31 individuals after Canadian Confederation, of which two were from the Confederation Party, 11 from the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick, 15 from the New Brunswick Liberal Association, one from the Anti-Confederation Party, and seven with unofficial party affiliations.

Premiers of New Brunswick

  Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick   New Brunswick Liberal Association   Unofficial affiliation

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Electoral mandates (Assembly) Political party Riding Ref.
Leader of the Government of the Colony of New Brunswick (1854–1867)
1
(1 of 2)
Charles Fisher
(1808–1880)		 1 November
1854		 May
1856
  • 1854 election (16th Legislature)
 Non-partisan MLA for York [4]
2
John Hamilton Gray
(1814–1889)		 21 June
1856		 June
1857
  • 1856 election (17th Legislature)
 Non-partisan MLA for Saint John County [5]
3
(2 of 2)
Charles Fisher
(1808–1880)		 1 June
1857		 19 March
1861
  • 1857 election (18th Legislature)
 Non-partisan MLA for York [4]
4
Samuel Leonard Tilley
(1818–1896)		 19 March
1861		 March
1865
  • Appointment (18th Legislature)
  • 1861 election (19th Legislature)
 Non-partisan MLA for Saint John City
5
Albert James Smith
(1822–1883)		 21 September
1865		 14 April
1866
  • 1865 election (20th Legislature)
 Anti-Confederation MLA for Westmorland [6]
6
Peter Mitchell
(1824–1899)		 14 April
1866		 August
1867
  • Appointment (20th Legislature)
  • 1866 election (21st Legislature)
 Confederation
(Ldr. 1866)		 Legislative Councillor for
colony at-large		 [7]
Premiers of the province of New Brunswick since Confederation (1867–present)
1
Andrew R. Wetmore
(1820–1892)		 16 August
1867		 25 May
1870
  • Appointment (21st Legislature)
 Confederation
(Ldr. 1867)		 MLA for Saint John City [8]
2*
(1 of 2)
George E. King
(1839–1901)		 9 June
1870		 21 February
1871
  • Appointment (21st Legislature)
  • 1870 election (22nd Legislature)
 Conservative
(Ldr. 1870)		 MLA for Saint John County [9]
3
George L. Hathaway
(1813–1872)		 21 February
1871		 5 July
1872
  • Appointment (22nd Legislature)
 Conservative
(Ldr. 1871)		 MLA for York
4*
(2 of 2)
George E. King
(1839–1901)		 5 July
1872		 3 May
1878
  • Appointment (22nd Legislature)
  • 1874 election (23rd Legislature)
 Conservative
(Ldr. 1872)		 MLA for Saint John County [9]
5
John James Fraser
(1829–1896)		 June
1878		 25 May
1882
  • 1878 election (24th Legislature)
 Conservative
(Ldr. 1878)		 MLA for York [10]
6
Daniel L. Hanington
(1835–1909)		 25 May
1882		 February
1883
  • Appointment (24th Legislature)
  • 1882 election (25th Legislature)
 Conservative
(Ldr. 1882)		 MLA for Westmorland [11]
7
Andrew G. Blair
(1844–1907)		 3 March
1883		 17 July
1896
  • Appointment (25th Legislature)
  • 1886 election (26th Legislature)
  • 1890 election (27th Legislature)
  • 1892 election (28th Legislature)
  • 1895 election (29th Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1879)		 MLA for York
(1876-1892)
MLA for Queens
(1892-1896)		 [12]
8
James Mitchell
(1843–1897)		 17 July
1896		 29 October
1897
  • Appointment (29th Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1896)		 MLA for Charlotte
9
Henry Emmerson
(1853–1914)		 29 October
1897		 31 August
1900
  • Appointment (29th Legislature)
  • 1899 election (30th Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1897)		 MLA for Albert [13]
10
Lemuel J. Tweedie
(1849–1917)		 1 September
1900		 2 March
1907
  • Appointment (30th Legislature)
  • 1903 election (31st Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1900)		 MLA for Northumberland
11
William Pugsley
(1850–1925)		 6 March
1907		 31 May
1907
  • Appointment (31st Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1907)		 MLA for Kings
12
Clifford W. Robinson
(1866–1947)		 31 May
1907		 24 March
1908
  • Appointment (31st Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1907)		 MLA for Westmorland
13
John Douglas Hazen
(1860–1937)		 24 March
1908		 10 October
1911
  • 1908 election (32nd Legislature)
 Conservative
(Ldr. 1899)		 MLA for Sunbury
14
James Kidd Flemming
(1868–1927)		 16 October
1911		 6 December
1914
  • Appointment (32nd Legislature)
  • 1912 election (33rd Legislature)
 Conservative
(Ldr. 1911)		 MLA for Carleton [14]
15
George Clarke
(1857–1917)		 6 December
1914		 1 February
1917
  • Appointment (33rd Legislature)
 Conservative
(Ldr. 1914)		 MLA for Charlotte [15]
16
James A. Murray
(1864–1960)		 1 February
1917		 4 April
1917
  • Appointment (33rd Legislature)
 Conservative
(Ldr. 1917)		 MLA for Kings [16]
17
Walter E. Foster
(1873–1947)		 4 April
1917		 1 February
1923
  • 1917 election (34th Legislature)
  • 1920 election (35th Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1916)		 MLA for Victoria
(1917-1920)
MLA for Saint John City
(1920-1923)		 [17]
18
Peter J. Veniot
(1863–1936)		 28 February
1923		 10 September
1925
  • Appointment (35th Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1923)		 MLA for Gloucester [18]
19
John B. M. Baxter
(1868–1946)		 14 September
1925		 19 May
1931
  • 1925 election (36th Legislature)
  • 1930 election (37th Legislature)
 Conservative
(Ldr. 1925)		 MLA for Saint John County [19]
20
Charles D. Richards
(1879–1956)		 18 May
1931		 2 June
1933
  • Appointment (37th Legislature)
 Conservative
(Ldr. 1931)		 MLA for York [20]
21
Leonard P. D. Tilley
(1870–1947)		 1 June
1933		 12 July
1935
  • Appointment (37th Legislature)
 Conservative
(Ldr. 1933)		 MLA for Saint John City [21]
22
Allison A. Dysart
(1880–1962)		 16 July
1935		 13 March
1940
  • 1935 election (38th Legislature)
  • 1939 election (39th Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1926)		 MLA for Kent [22]
23
John B. McNair
(1889–1968)		 13 March
1940		 7 October
1952
  • Appointment (39th Legislature)
  • 1944 election (40th Legislature)
  • 1948 election (41st Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1940)		 MLA for Victoria
(1940-1944)
MLA for York
(1944-1952)
24
Hugh John Flemming
(1899–1982)		 8 October
1952		 11 July
1960
  • 1952 election (42nd Legislature)
  • 1956 election (43rd Legislature)
 Progressive Conservative
(Ldr. 1951)		 MLA for Carleton
25
Louis Joseph Robichaud
(1925–2005)		 12 July
1960		 11 November
1970
  • 1960 election (44th Legislature)
  • 1963 election (45th Legislature)
  • 1967 election (46th Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1958)		 MLA for Kent
26
Richard Bennett Hatfield
(1931–1991)		 11 November
1970		 27 October
1987
  • 1970 election (47th Legislature)
  • 1974 election (48th Legislature)
  • 1978 election (49th Legislature)
  • 1982 election (50th Legislature)
 Progressive Conservative
(Ldr. 1967)		 MLA for Carleton
(1961-1974)
MLA for Carleton Centre
(1974-1987)
27
Frank McKenna
(b. 1948)		 27 October
1987		 14 October
1997
  • 1987 election (51st Legislature)
  • 1991 election (52nd Legislature)
  • 1995 election (53rd Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1985)		 MLA for Chatham
(1982-1995)
MLA for Miramichi-Bay du Vin
(1995-1997)		 [23]
28
Ray Frenette
(1935–2018)		 14 October
1997		 14 May
1998
  • Appointment (53rd Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1997)		 MLA for Moncton East
29
Camille Thériault
(b. 1955)		 14 May
1998		 21 June
1999
  • Appointment (53rd Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 1998)		 MLA for Kent South
30
Bernard Lord
(b. 1965)		 21 June
1999		 3 October
2006
  • 1999 election (54th Legislature)
  • 2003 election (55th Legislature)
 Progressive Conservative
(Ldr. 1997)		 MLA for Moncton East
31
Shawn Graham
(b. 1968)		 3 October
2006		 12 October
2010
  • 2006 election (56th Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 2002)		 MLA for Kent
32
David Alward
(b. 1959)		 12 October
2010		 7 October
2014
  • 2010 election (57th Legislature)
 Progressive Conservative
(Ldr. 2008)		 MLA for Woodstock
33
Brian Gallant
(b. 1982)		 7 October
2014		 9 November
2018
  • 2014 election (58th Legislature)
  • 2018 election (59th Legislature)
 Liberal
(Ldr. 2012)		 MLA for Shediac Bay-Dieppe
34
Blaine Higgs
(b. 1954)		 9 November
2018		 incumbent
  • Appointment (59th Legislature)
  • 2020 election (60th Legislature)
 Progressive Conservative
(Ldr. 2016)		 MLA for Quispamsis

* The New Brunswick practice is to count George E. King as the 2nd and 4th premier.[24]

Living former premiers

As of August 2022, six former premiers are alive, the oldest being Frank McKenna (1987–1997, born 1948). The most recent former premier to die and the most recently serving premier to die was Ray Frenette (1997–1998), on July 14, 2018.

NameTermDate of birth
Frank McKenna 1987–1997 (1948-01-19) January 19, 1948
Camille Thériault 1998–1999 (1955-02-25) February 25, 1955
Bernard Lord 1999–2006 (1965-09-27) September 27, 1965
Shawn Graham 2006–2010 (1968-02-22) February 22, 1968
David Alward 2010–2014 (1959-12-02) December 2, 1959
Brian Gallant 2014–2018 (1982-04-27) April 27, 1982

Deputy premiers
Name Term of office Notes
Aldéa Landry 1987 1991
Marcelle Mersereau 1994 1995
Ray Frenette 1995 1997 Became premier
Alan R. Graham 1997 1998
Doug Tyler 1998 1999
Dale Graham 1999 2006
Donald Arseneault 2010 2010
Paul Robichaud 2010 2014
Stephen Horsman 2014 2018
Robert Gauvin 2018 2020

See also
  • Leader of the Opposition (New Brunswick)

References
General
  • "New Brunswick by the numbers". CBC. August 25, 2006. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  • "Premiers of New Brunswick". The Legislative Library of New Brunswick. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  • Doyle, Arthur T. (1984). Elections in New Brunswick, 1784-1984. Fredericton: Brunswick Press. ISBN 0-88838-391-6.
Specific
  1. "Canadian Confederation". Library and Archives Canada. May 2, 2005. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  2. "Responsible Government". Library and Archives Canada. May 2, 2005. Archived from the original on June 21, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  3. "The Legislative Process". Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  4. "Fisher, Charles (Hon.)" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  5. "John Hamilton Gray" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  6. "Albert J. Smith" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  7. "Peter Mitchell" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  8. "Andrew R. Wetmore" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  9. "King, George Edwin (Hon.)" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  10. "John James Fraser" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  11. "Daniel L. Hanington" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  12. "Andrew G. Blair" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  13. "Henry R. Emmerson" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  14. "James Kidd Flemming" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  15. "George J. Clarke" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  16. "James A. Murray" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  17. "Walter E. Foster" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  18. "Peter J. Veniot" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  19. "Baxter, John Babington Macaulay Sr" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2007. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  20. "Richards, Charles Dow" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  21. "Tilley, Leonard Percy DeWolfe" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  22. "Dysart, Albert Allison" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  23. "McKenna, Francis Joseph (Frank)" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  24. "Shawn Graham Bios". Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. August 26, 2010. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved March 19, 2011.

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