National Democratic Alliance

National Democratic Alliance (NDA) (IAST: Rāṣṭrīya Janatāntrika Gaṭhabandhana) is a centre-right and conservative Indian big tent political alliance led by the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[1] It was founded in 1998 and currently controls the government of India as well as the government of 16 Indian states, and 1 Union Territories.

National Democratic Alliance
IAST: Rāṣṭrīya Janatāntrika Gaṭhabandhana
AbbreviationNDA
ChairpersonAmit Shah
(Union Cabinet Minister)
Lok Sabha leaderNarendra Modi
(Prime Minister)
Rajya Sabha leaderPiyush Goyal
(Union Cabinet Minister)
Founder
Founded1998
IdeologyBig tent
Political positionCentre-right to right-wing
ECI StatusRecognised
Alliance26 parties
Seats in Lok Sabha
328 / 543
Seats in Rajya Sabha
110 / 245
Seats in State Legislative Assemblies
1,806 / 4,036
Number of states and union territories in government
17 / 31
Party flag

Its first chairman was Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. L. K. Advani, the former Deputy Prime Minister, took over as chairman in 2004 and served until 2014, and Amit Shah has been the chairman since 2014. The coalition ruled from 1998 to 2004. The alliance returned to power in the 2014 general elections with a combined vote share of 38.5%.[2] Its leader Narendra Modi was sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014. In the 2019 general election, the alliance further increased its tally to 353 seats with combined vote share of 45.43%.[3]

History
Atal Bihari Vajpayee, first Prime Minister from NDA
Narendra Modi, second and current Prime Minister from NDA

The NDA was formed in May 1998 as a coalition to contest the general elections. The main aim of the NDA was to form an anti-Indian National Congress coalition. It was led by the BJP, and included several regional parties, including the Samata Party and the AIADMK, as well as Shiv Sena, but Shiv Sena broke away from the alliance in 2019 to join the Maha Vikas Aghadi with Congress and the NCP. Samata Party is also broke away from alliance in 2003 after formation of Janta Dal (United). The Shiv Sena was the only member which shared the Hindutva ideology of the BJP.[4][5] After the election, it was able to muster a slim majority with outside support from the Telugu Desam Party, allowing Atal Bihari Vajpayee to return as prime minister.[6]

The government collapsed within a year because the AIADMK withdrew its support. After the entry of a few more regional parties, the NDA proceeded to win the 1999 elections with a larger majority. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for a third time, and this time served a full five-year term.[7]

The NDA called elections in early 2004, six months ahead of schedule. Its campaign was based around the slogan of "India Shining" which attempted to depict the NDA government as responsible for a rapid economic transformation of the country. However, the NDA suffered a defeat, winning only a 186 seats in the Lok Sabha, compared to the 222 of the United Progressive Alliance led by the Congress, with Manmohan Singh succeeding Vajpayee as prime minister. Commentators have argued that the NDA's defeat was due to a failure to reach out to the rural masses.[8][9]

Structure

The National Democratic Alliance does not have a formal governing structure such as an executive board or politburo. It has been up to the leaders of the individual parties to make decisions on issues such as sharing of seats in elections, allocation of ministries and the issues that are raised in Parliament. Given the varied ideologies among the parties, there have been many cases of disagreement and split voting among the allies.

Owing to ill health, George Fernandes, who was the NDA convener until 2008, was discharged of his responsibility and replaced by Sharad Yadav, the then national president of the JD(U) political party. On 16 June 2013, the JD(U) left the coalition and Sharad Yadav resigned from the role of the NDA convener. Then the CM of Andhra Pradesh Chandrababu Naidu was made the NDA convener.[10]

On 27 July 2017 JD(U) with the help of BJP formed the government in Bihar. Later, on 19 August 2017 JD(U) formally rejoined the NDA after 4 years.[11]

Strength in parliament
Party Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha Base state
1 Bharatiya Janata Party 303 93 National Party
2 Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena 12 0 Maharashtra
3 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 0 4 Tamil Nadu
4 Lok Janshakti Party 5 0 Bihar
5 Apna Dal (Sonelal) 2 0 Uttar Pradesh
6 National People's Party 1 1 Meghalaya
7 Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party 1 0 Nagaland
8 Sikkim Krantikari Morcha 1 0 Sikkim
9 Mizo National Front 1 1 Mizoram
10 All Jharkhand Students Union 1 0 Jharkhand
11 Republican Party of India (Athawale) 0 1 Maharashtra
12 Asom Gana Parishad 0 1 Assam
13 Pattali Makkal Katchi 0 1 Tamil Nadu
14 Tamil Maanila Congress 0 1 Tamil Nadu
15 United People's Party Liberal 0 1 Assam
Independent 2 1 None
Nominated 0 5 None
Total 329 110

Governments
Current ruling governments in India
  BJP (12)
  Coalition with BJP (6)
  INC (2)
  Coalition with INC (3)
  Other parties (AAP, AITC, BJD, CPI(M), MNF, TRS and YSRCP (8)
  President's rule (1)
  No legislature (5)

The BJP has previously been the sole party in power in Delhi, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Rajasthan. It has also ruled Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh as part of coalition and alliance governments.

The BJP has never been in power in 3 states - Kerala, Telangana, (between 1999 and 2004 BJP in alliance with TDP ruled a United Andhra Pradesh) and West Bengal. But BJP led NDA has ruled many local governing institutions including corporations, municipalities, panchayats and has also been elected to many Lok Sabha constituencies, state assembly constituencies and local body divisions and wards in these 3 states.

List of current NDA governments


S.No State/UT NDA Govt since Chief Minister Alliance Partners Seats

Last election

Name Party Seats Since
1 Arunachal Pradesh 16 September 2016 Pema Khandu BJP 49 16 September 2016 NPP (4) 55/60 23 May 2019
IND (2)
2 Assam 19 May 2016 Himanta Biswa Sarma BJP 63 10 May 2021 AGP (9) 82/126 2 May 2021
UPPL (7)
BPF (3)
3 Gujarat 28 February 1998 Bhupendra Patel BJP 111 13 September 2021 None 111/182 18 December 2017
4 Goa 6 March 2012 Pramod Sawant BJP 28 19 March 2019 MGP (2) 33/40 11 March 2017
IND (3)
5 Haryana 19 October 2014 Manohar Lal Khattar BJP 40 26 October 2014 JJP (10) 57/90 24 October 2019
HLP (1)
IND (6)
6 Himachal Pradesh 18 December 2017 Jai Ram Thakur BJP 45 27 December 2017 IND (2) 47/68 18 December 2017
7 Karnataka 26 July 2019 Basavaraj Bommai BJP 121 28 July 2021 IND (1) 122/224 15 May 2019
8 Madhya Pradesh 23 March 2020 Shivraj Singh Chauhan BJP 130 23 March 2020 IND (3) 133/230 28 November 2018
9 Maharashtra 30 June 2022 Eknath Shinde BSS 40 30 June 2022 BJP (106) 167/288 21 October 2019
BVA (3)
PJP (2)
RSP (1)
JSS (1)
MNS (1)
PWPI (1)
IND (12)
10 Manipur 15 March 2017 N. Biren Singh BJP 37 15 March 2017 NPP (7) 54/60 11 March 2017
NPF (5)
KPA (2)
IND (3)
11 Meghalaya 6 March 2018 Conrad Sangma NPP 23 6 March 2018 UDP (8) 46/60 3 March 2018
PDF (4)
BJP (2)
HSPDP (2)
IND (7)
12 Nagaland 8 March 2018 Neiphiu Rio NDPP 42 8 March 2018 BJP (12) 60/60 3 March 2018
NPF (4)
IND (2)
13 Puducherry 7 May 2021 N. Rangasamy AINRC 10 7 May 2021 BJP (9) 25/33 3 May 2021
IND (6)
14 Sikkim 27 May 2019 Prem Singh Tamang SKM 19 27 May 2019 BJP (12) 31/32 23 May 2019
15 Tripura 9 March 2018 Manik Saha BJP 36 15 May 2022 IPFT (5) 41/60 3 March 2018
16 Uttar Pradesh 17 March 2017 Yogi Adityanath BJP 255 17 March 2017 AD(S) (12) 273/403 11 March 2017
NP (6)
17 Uttarakhand 18 March 2017 Pushkar Singh Dhami BJP 47 3 July 2021 None 47/70 10 March 2022

Strength in legislative assemblies

Strength in state legislative assemblies
State/UT Seats BJP NDA Overall Tally CM of Ref(s)
Andhra Pradesh 175 0 JSP (1)
1 / 175
 YSRCP [13]
Arunachal Pradesh 60 49 NPP (4)
55 / 60
 BJP [14]
IND (2)
Assam 126 63 AGP (9)
82 / 126
 BJP [15]
UPPL (7)
BPF (3)
Bihar 243 76 None
76 / 243
 JD(U) [16]
Chhattisgarh 90 14 None
14 / 90
 INC [17]
Goa 40 28 MGP (2)
33 / 40
 BJP [18]
IND (3)
Gujarat 182 111 None
111 / 182
 BJP [19]
Haryana 90 40 JJP (10)
57 / 90
 BJP [20]
HLP (1)
IND (6)
Himachal Pradesh 68 47 None
47 / 68
 BJP [21]
Jharkhand 81 26 AJSU (2)
30 / 81
 JMM [22]
IND (2)
Karnataka 224 120 IND (1)
121 / 224
 BJP [23]
Kerala 140 0 None
0 / 140
 LDF [24]
Madhya Pradesh 230 130 IND (4)
134 / 230
 BJP [25]
Maharashtra 288 106 BSS (40)
167 / 288
 BSS [26]
BVA (3)
PJP (2)
RSP (1)
JSS (1)
MNS (1)
PWPI (1)
IND (12)
Manipur 60 37 NPP (7)
53 / 60
 BJP [27]
NPF (5)
KPA (2)
IND (2)
Meghalaya 60 2 NPP (23)
41 / 60
 NPP [28]
UDP (8)
PDF (4)
HSPDP (2)
IND (2)
Mizoram 40 1 None
1 / 40
 MNF [29]
Nagaland 60 12 NDPP (42)
60 / 60
 NDPP [30]
NPF (4)
IND (2)
Odisha 147 21 None
21 / 147
 BJD [31]
Punjab 117 2 None
2 / 117
 AAP [32]
Rajasthan 200 71 None
71 / 200
 INC [33]
Sikkim 32 12 SKM (19)
31 / 32
 SKM [34]
Tamil Nadu 234 4 AIADMK (66)
75 / 234
 DMK [35]
PMK (5)
Telangana 119 3 None
3 / 119
 TRS [36]
Tripura 60 34 IPFT (5)
39 / 60
 BJP [37]
Uttar Pradesh 403 254 AD(S) (12)
272 / 403
 BJP [38]
NISHAD (6)
Uttarakhand 70 47 IND (2)
49 / 70
 BJP [39]
West Bengal 294 70 None
70 / 294
 AITC [40]
Delhi 70 8 None
8 / 70
 AAP [41]
Jammu and Kashmir 90 NA [42]
Puducherry 33 9 AINRC (10)
25 / 33
 AINRC [43]
IND (6)
Total 4126 1397 352
1,749 / 4,036
 NDA (17) 31

List of presidents and vice presidents

Note that it refers to nomination by alliance, as the offices of President and Vice President are apolitical.

Presidents
No. Portrait Name
(birth–death)		 Term of office

Electoral mandates

Time in office

 Previous post Vice president Party[44]
11 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
(1931–2015)		 25 July 2002 25 July 2007 Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India Krishan Kant (2002)

Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (2002–2007)

 Independent  
2002
5 years
Kalam was an educator and engineer who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs.[45] He also received the Bharat Ratna. He was popularly known as "People's President".[46][47][48]
14 Ram Nath Kovind
(b.1945)		 25 July 2017 25 July 2022 Governor of Bihar Mohammad Hamid Ansari (2017)

Venkaiah Naidu (2017–2022)

 Bharatiya Janata Party  
2017
5 years
Kovind was governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and a Member of Parliament from 1994 to 2006. He is the second Dalit president (after K. R. Narayanan) and is the first president from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and is an active member of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) since his youth.[49]
15 Droupadi Murmu
(b.1958)		 25 July 2022 Incumbent Governor of Jharkhand Venkaiah Naidu (2022)

Jagdeep Dhankhar (2022-)

 Bharatiya Janata Party  
2022
92 days
Murmu was governor of Jharkhand from 2015 to 2021 and the Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly from 2000 to 2009. She held several ministerial portfolios in Government of Odisha. She is the first Tribal and second female President of India and is the second president from the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Vice presidents
No. Portrait Name
(birth–death)[50]		 Elected
(% votes)		 Took office Left office Term President Party
11 Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
(1925–2010)		 2002
(59.82)		 19 August 2002 21 July 2007 4 years, 336 days A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Bharatiya Janata Party  
13 Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu
(1949–)		 2017
(67.89)		 11 August 2017 11 August 2022 5 years Ram Nath Kovind
14 Jagdeep Dhankhar
(1951–)		 2022
(74.50)		 11 August 2022 Incumbent 75 days Droupadi Murmu

List of prime ministers
No. Prime ministers Portrait Term in office Lok Sabha Cabinet Constituency Party
Start End Tenure
1 Atal Bihari Vajpayee 19 March 1998 10 October 1999 6 years, 64 days 12th Vajpayee II Lucknow Bharatiya Janata Party  
10 October 1999 22 May 2004 13th Vajpayee III
2 Narendra Modi 26 May 2014 Incumbent 8 years, 152 days 16th Modi I Varanasi
17th Modi II

List of current chief ministers
Incumbent chief ministers from the National Democratic Alliance
S.No State Name Portrait Cabinet
1. Arunachal Pradesh Pema Khandu Pema Khandu II
2. Assam Himanta Biswa Sarma Sarma I
3. Goa Pramod Sawant Pramod Sawant II
4. Gujarat Bhupendrabhai Patel Bhupendrabhai Patel I
5. Haryana Manohar Lal Khattar Manohar Lal Khattar II
6. Himachal Pradesh Jai Ram Thakur Jai Ram Thakur I
7. Karnataka Basavaraj Bommai Bommai I
8. Madhya Pradesh Shivraj Singh Chouhan Shivraj Singh Chouhan IV
9. Maharashtra Eknath Shinde
Eknath Shinde Ministry
10. Manipur N. Biren Singh N. Biren Singh II
11. Meghalaya Conrad Sangma Conrad Sangma I
12. Nagaland Neiphiu Rio Neiphiu Rio IV
13. Puducherry N. Rangaswamy N. Rangaswamy IV
14. Sikkim Prem Singh Tamang Prem Singh Tamang I
15. Tripura Manik Saha Manik Saha I
16. Uttar Pradesh Yogi Adityanath Yogi Adityanath II
17. Uttarakhand Pushkar Singh Dhami Pushkar Singh Dhami II

List of deputy chief ministers
Deputy chief ministers from the National Democratic Alliance
S.No State Name Portrait
1. Arunachal Pradesh Chowna Mein
2. Haryana Dushyant Chautala
3. Maharashtra Devendra Fadnavis
4. Meghalaya Prestone Tynsong
5. Nagaland Yanthungo Patton
6. Tripura Jishnu Dev Varma
7. Uttar Pradesh Brijesh Pathak
Keshav Prasad Maurya

Candidates in elections

Lok Sabha general elections
  • 1998 Indian general election
  • 1999 Indian general election
  • 2004 Indian general election
  • 2009 Indian general election
  • 2014 Indian general election
  • 2019 Indian general election

Electoral history

Lok Sabha 1998 general election
Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No. Party Alliance in states Seats
contested		 Seats
won
1 Bharatiya Janata Party All States and UTs 388 182 21
2 West Bengal Trinamool Congress West Bengal 28 7 7
3 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Pondicherry
 23 18 18
4 Samata Party
  • Bihar
  • Uttar Pradesh
 23 12 4
5 Shiv Sena
  • Maharashtra
 22 6 9
6 Biju Janata Dal Orissa 12 9 9
7 Lok Shakti
  • Karnataka
  • Nagaland
 11 3 3
8 Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab 8 8
9 Pattali Makkal Katchi Tamil Nadu 5 4 4
10 Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 5 3 3
11 Haryana Vikas Party Haryana 4 1 2
12 NTR Telugu Desam Party (LP) Andhra Pradesh 3 0
13 Janata Dal
  • Punjab
  • Bihar
 2 2 45
14 Manipur State Congress Party Manipur 1 1 1
15 Janata Party Tamil Nadu 1 1 1
16 Sikkim Democratic Front Sikkim 1 1 1
17 Satnam Singh Kainth (independent candidate supported by BJP) Punjab 1 1 1
18 Vazhappady K. Ramamurthy (independent candidate supported by BJP) Tamil Nadu 1 1 1
19 Maneka Gandhi (independent candidate supported by BJP) Uttar Pradesh 1 1 1
20 Suresh Kalmadi (independent candidate supported by BJP) Maharashtra 1 0 1
Total NDA candidates 541 261 75

Lok Sabha 1999 general election
Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No. Party Alliance in states Seats
contested		 Seats
won
1 Bharatiya Janata Party All States and UTs 339 182
2 Janata Dal (United)
  • Bihar
  • Karnataka
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Kerala
  • Rajasthan
  • Lakshadweep
 41 21 21
3 Telugu Desam Party Andhra Pradesh 34 29 17
4 All India Trinamool Congress
  • West Bengal
  • Tripura
 29 8 1
5 Shiv Sena Maharashtra 22 15 9
6 Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 19 12
7 Biju Janata Dal Orissa 12 10 1
8 Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab 9 2 6
9 Pattali Makkal Katchi
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Pondicherry
 8 5 1
10 Indian National Lok Dal Haryana 5 5 5
11 Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 5 4 1
12 Akhil Bharatiya Loktantrik Congress Uttar Pradesh 4 2 2
13 Bihar People's Party Bihar 2 0
14 Himachal Vikas Congress Himachal Pradesh 1 1 1
15 Manipur State Congress Party Manipur 1 1 1
16 MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 1 1 1
17 Sikkim Democratic Front Sikkim 1 1
18 Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress Tamil Nadu 1 0
19 Democratic Bahujan Samaj Morcha Punjab 1 0
20 Arunachal Congress Arunachal Pradesh 1 0
21 Socialist Republican Party Kerala 1 0
22 Maneka Gandhi (independent candidate supported by BJP) Uttar Pradesh 1 1
23 Vanlalzawma (independent candidate supported by BJP) Mizoram 1 1 1
24 Sansuma Khunggur Bwiswmuthiary (independent candidate supported by BJP) Assam 1 1 1
25 Pawan Pandey (independent candidate supported by BJP) Uttar Pradesh 1 0
26 Natabar Bagdi (independent candidate supported by BJP) West Bengal 1 0
27 Elwin Teron (independent candidate supported by BJP) Assam 1 0
Total NDA candidates 543 302 57

Lok Sabha 2004 general election
Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No. Party Alliance in states Seats
contested		 Seats
won
1 Bharatiya Janata Party All States and UTs 364 138 44
2 Janata Dal (United)
  • Bihar
  • Karnataka
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Lakshadweep
  • Assam
 33 8 13
3 Telugu Desam Party Andhra Pradesh 33 5 24
4 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 33 0 10
5 All India Trinamool Congress
  • West Bengal
  • Meghalaya
  • Tripura
 31 2 6
6 Shiv Sena Maharashtra 22 12 3
7 Biju Janata Dal Orissa 12 11 1
8 Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab 10 8 6
9 Indian Federal Democratic Party Kerala 1 1 13
10 Sikkim Democratic Front Sikkim 1 1
11 Naga People's Front Nagaland 1 1 1
12 Mizo National Front Mizoram 1 1 1
13 Sansuma Khunggur Bwiswmuthiary (Independent candidate)
supported by BJP		 Assam 1 1 1
Total NDA Candidates 543 189 113

Lok Sabha 2009 general election
Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No. Party Alliance in states Seats
contested		 Seats
won
1 Bharatiya Janata Party All States and UTs 433 116 22
2 Janata Dal (United)
  • Bihar
  • Jharkhand
  • Kerala
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Uttar Pradesh
 32 20 12
3 Shiv Sena
  • Maharashtra
  • Tamil Nadu
 24 11 1
4 Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab 10 4 4
5 Rashtriya Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 7 5 2
6 Asom Gana Parishad Assam 6 1 5
7 Indian National Lok Dal Haryana 5 0 5
8 Naga People's Front Nagaland 1 1
9 Ajitrao Ghorpade (independent candidate supported by BJP) Maharashtra 1 0 1
10 H. Lallungmuana (independent candidate supported by BJP) Mizoram 1 0 1
Total 520 158 31

Lok Sabha 2014 general election
Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No. Party Alliance in states Seats
contested		 Seats
won
1 Bharatiya Janata Party All states and UTs 422 282 166
2 Telugu Desam Party Andhra Pradesh 30
16 4
3 Shiv Sena Maharashtra 23 18 7
4 Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 14
0
5 Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab 10
4
6 Pattali Makkal Katchi Tamil Nadu 8
1
7 Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 7
0
8 Lok Janshakti Party Bihar 7
6 2
9 Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Bihar 3
3
10 Apna Dal Uttar Pradesh 2
2
11 Swabhimani Paksha Maharashtra 2
1
12 Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) Haryana 2
0
13 All India N.R. Congress Puducherry 1
1
14 National People's Party Meghalaya 1
1
15 Naga People's Front Nagaland 1
1
16 Puthiya Needhi Katchi Tamil Nadu 1
0
17 Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi Tamil Nadu 1
0
18 Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi Tamil Nadu 1
0
19 Republican Party of India (A) Maharashtra 1
0
20 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha Maharashtra 1
0
21 Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik) Kerala 1
0
22 Kerala Congress (Nationalist) Kerala 1
0
23 Mizo National Front Mizoram 1
0
24 Urkhao Gwra Brahma (Independent candidate) Assam 1
0
Total NDA Candidates 542 336

Contested by BJP symbol lotus

  • Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi
  • Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi
  • Puthiya Needhi Katchi

Lok Sabha 2019 general election
Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No. Party Alliance in states Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 Seats Loss References
1 Bharatiya Janata Party All states and UTs 437 303 134 [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]
2 Shiv Sena Maharasthra 23 18 5
3 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 20 1 19 [53]
4 Janata Dal (United) Bihar 17 16 1 [54]
5 Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab 10 2 8 [55]
6 Pattali Makkal Katchi Tamil Nadu 7 0 7 [53]
7 Lok Janshakti Party Bihar 6 6 0 [54]
8 Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Kerala 4 0 4 [57]
9 Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 4 0 4 [56]
10 Asom Gana Parishad Assam 3 0 3
11 Apna Dal (Sonelal) Uttar Pradesh 2 2 0
12 All Jharkhand Students Union Jharkhand 1 1 0
13 Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party Nagaland 1 1 0
14 Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Rajasthan 1 1 0
15 Tamil Maanila Congress Tamil Nadu 1 0 1 [53]
16 Puthiya Needhi Katchi Tamil Nadu 1 0 1 [53]
17 Puthiya Tamilagam Tamil Nadu 1 0 1 [53]
18 Bodoland People's Front Assam 1 0 1 [59]
19 Kerala Congress (Thomas) Kerala 1 0 1 [57]
20 All India N.R. Congress Pudhucherry 1 0 1 [58]
21 Sumalatha (independent candidate supported by BJP) Karnataka 1 1 0
Total 543 352 191

Contested by AIADMK two leaves symbol

  • Puthiya Tamilagam
  • Puthiya Needhi Katchi

Past members
Party Base State Year of withdrawal Reason for withdrawal
Lok Shakti Bihar 1999 Merged with Janata Dal (United) for 1999 Elections
J & K National Conference Jammu and Kashmir 2002 Blaming the BJP for its loss in the Jammu and Kashmir state elections.
Samata Party Bihar 2003 Reformation of Samata Party in the leadership of Uday Mandal.
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 2004 Aligned with Congress Party during 2004 elections
Haryana Vikas Party Haryana 2004 Merged with Congress
Indian Federal Democratic Party Kerala 2004 Following the 2004 election, Merged with Kerala Congress
All India Trinamool Congress National Party 2007 Aligned with the Congress party before the 2009 elections.
Janata Dal (Secular) Karnataka 2007 Left the alliance in 2007 Due To Not Signing Of MOU[60]
Indian National Lok Dal Haryana 2009 Left due to seat sharing disagreements during assembly elections 2009.
Biju Janata Dal Odisha 2009 Left the alliance just over a month before the 2009 elections.
Telangana Rashtra Samithi Telangana 2009 Left the alliance post defeat in 2009 election.
Ladakh Union Territory Front Jammu and Kashmir 2010 Merged with BJP.
Kamtapur Progressive Party West Bengal 2010 Withdrew Support due to Merger with Kamtapur People's Party.
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal Uttarakhand 2012 Withdrew Support before State Elections
Rashtriya Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 2012 Has allied with Congress for 2012 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Jharkhand 2012 Withdrew from alliance in 2012
Janata Party Tamil Nadu 2013 Merged with BJP
Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) Haryana 2014 Withdrew from alliance before 2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election[61] Merged with Congress in 2016
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 2014 Withdrew alliance in a view to Tamil Nadu Elections 2016
Kerala Congress (Nationalist) (Noble Mathew) Kerala 2016 Merged with BJP[62]
Kerala Janapaksham Kerala 2016 Merged with BJP
Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik) Kerala 2016 Withdrew alliance in a view to 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[63]
Maraland Democratic Front Mizoram 2017 Merged with BJP[64]
Swabhimani Paksha Maharashtra 2017 Broke the alliance[65]
Telugu Desam Party Andhra Pradesh 2018 Withdrawn Support from NDA on 16 March 2018 over the demand of Special Category status to Andhra Pradesh and failure to Implement the corresponding Bifurcation Act.
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Jammu and Kashmir 2018 BJP withdrawn support from JKPDP-led government on 19 June 2018.
Rashtriya Lok Samata Party Bihar 2018 Merged with Janta Dal (United)
Gorkha Janmukti Morcha West Bengal 2019 Withdrawn from NDA ahead of 2019 Indian general election.[66]
Janadhipathya Samrakshana Samithi (Rajan Babu) Kerala 2019 Merged with Janadhipathya Samrakshana Samithi
Pravasi Nivasi Party Kerala 2019 Withdrawn from NDA ahead of 2019 Indian general election
Janadhipathya Rashtriya Sabha Kerala 2019
Kerala Vikas Congress Kerala 2019 One faction merged with Kerala Congress (B), one faction still in NDA.
Shiv Sena Maharashtra 2019 Disagreement over power sharing after 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election
Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab 2020 Broke alliance on the issue of 3 Agriculture reforms Laws.[67]
Gorkha Janmukti Morcha West Bengal 2020 Has allied with All India Trinamool Congress.
Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Rajasthan 2020 Broke alliance on the issue of 3 agriculture reforms laws
Bodoland People's Front Assam 2021 Alliance broken ahead of 2021 Assam elections.
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 2021 Broke alliance for not issuing demanded number of constituency in 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
Goa Forward Party Goa 2021 Broke alliance over concerns for the environment and alleged that the BJP were apathetic towards unemployed Goans.[68]
Lok Insaaf Party Punjab 2022 Broke alliance for not issuing demanded number of constituency in 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
Janata Dal (United) Bihar 2022 Broke alliance citing conspiracy against JDU[69][70]

Timeline

2011
  • Kuldeep Bishnoi led Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) Joined NDA.
  • Ramdas Athawale led Republican Party of India (A) Joined NDA.
  • Ajit Singh led Rashtriya Lok Dal withdrawn from the NDA.

2012
Presidential election
  • NDA nominated P. A. Sangma as its presidential candidate who lost against UPA's Pranab Mukherjee.
Vice-Presidential election
  • Jaswant Singh was named as the candidate for the post of Vice-President against UPA's Hamid Ansari. Ansari won his second term in office.[71]

2013
  • On 16 June 2013, Nitish Kumar led Janta Dal United has withdrawn from NDA.
  • On 13 September 2013, Narendra Modi declared as PM candidate for 2014 Elections.

2014
  • On 1 January 2014, Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhhagam leader Vaiko has announced that MDMK formally joined back to NDA.
  • The two small parties viz Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam and Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi have also joined NDA.
  • The BJP would like two more southern parties such as Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam, Pattali Makkal Katchi to also join the alliance.[72]
  • In Maharashtra, two regional political outfits, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha, joined NDA in January.[73]
  • The coalition of five parties is termed as Mahayuti. So in Maharashtra now NDA alliance consist of 5 Parties viz BJP, Shiv Sena, Republican Party of India, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha.[74]
  • On 23 February 2014, Rashtriya Lok Samata Party led by Upendra Kushwaha joined NDA and will be contesting at 3 Lok Sabha seats in Bihar.[75]
  • On 27 February 2014 Lok Janshakti Party led by Ram Vilas Paswan joined NDA[76] It would contest at 7 Lok Sabha Seats in Bihar during 2014 Elections.[77]
  • DMDK will be fighting Lok Sabha Election through an alliance with BJP led NDA.[78]
  • Pattali Makkal Katchi led Social Democratic Alliance are the other allies of NDA in Tamil Nadu.
  • Maharashtra Navnirman Sena : Its President, Raj Thackeray announced external support to NDA on 9 March 2014 which is marked as Party's formation day, supporting Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate.
  • Indian National Lok Dal : Its Gen. Sec., Sh. Ajay Singh Chautala announced external support to NDA, supporting Sh. Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate.
  • Lok Satta Party : President Shri J P Narayan announced external support to NDA, supporting Sh. Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate
  • All India NR Congress (AINRC) formally joined NDA on 13 March 2014 and will be contesting in Puducherry.[79]
  • Telugu Desam Party (TDP) rejoined NDA on 6 April, after breaking alliance in 2004 post general election defeat.[80]
  • Shiv Sena Though Shiv Sena has quit Mahayuti in Maharashtra, before Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Elections 2014, but has decided to remain with NDA at the Centre.[81]
  • All Jharkhand Students Union clinched an alliance with BJP for Jharkhand Assembly elections under which its junior partner will contest eight of the 81 seats in the state.[82]

2015
  • Bharatiya Janata Party on 27 February 2015 clinched an alliance with People's Democratic Party for Government Formation in Jammu and Kashmir under which its CM will be from PDP.[83]
  • In the month of November, BJP alliance lost the legislative assembly election in Bihar to the Mahagathbandhan comprising JD(U), RJD and the INC.

2016
  • In January 2016, Bharatiya Janata Party clinched an alliance with Bodoland People's Front in Assam.[84]
  • In March 2016, after a meeting with AGP President Atul Bora and former Chief Minister Prafulla Kumar Mahanta, BJP formed an alliance with Asom Gana Parishad for upcoming Assam legislative assembly election 2016.[85]
  • BJP also aligned with Rabha and Tiwa Tribe outfit Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch and Tiwa Jatiya Aikya Manch.
  • In March 2016, BJP forged an alliance with Kerala-based Ezhava outfit Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Party for Kerala Elections 2016.[86]
  • Following BJP's victory in the Assam Legislative Assembly Elections 2016, the party formed an alliance of like-minded non-Congress parties in the Northeast, called the North-East Democratic Alliance, consisting of 11 regional parties of Northeast India.
  • Himanta Biswa Sarma, BJP leader from Assam has been appointed Convener of the regional alliance.
  • On 21 December 2016, Khandu was suspended from the party by the party president and Takam Pario was named as the next likely Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh replacing Khandu after People's Party of Arunachal suspended Khandu along with 6 other MLAs.[87][88][89]
  • In December 2016, Khandu proved majority on the floor with 33 of the People's Party of Arunachal’s 43 legislators joining the Bharatiya Janata Party as the BJP party increased its strength to 45 and it has the support of two independents. He became second Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh of Bharatiya Janata Party in Arunachal Pradesh after the 44 days lead Gegong Apang government in 2003.[90][91]

2017
  • In January 2017, Bharatiya Janata Party's alliance partner Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party in Goa and Shiv Sena in Maharashtra came together to contest Goa Legislative Assembly election in 2017 against the BJP with another Sangh Pariwar group called Goa Suraksha Manch.[92]
  • The results of the 2017 Goa Assembly election gave rise to a hung assembly since no political party could achieve a complete majority of 21 in the 40 member Goa Legislative Assembly.
  • The Indian National Congress emerged the largest party with 17 seats but ultimately, the Bharatiya Janata Party which emerged victorious in 13 constituencies formed the government with the support of the Goa Forward Party, Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party and independents.[93]
  • The Goa Forward Party expressed its support to the Bharatiya Janata Party on the condition that the then Union Defence Minister of India Manohar Parrikar would return to Goa as the Chief Minister of Goa.[94]
  • On 15 March 2017, N. Biren Singh was sworn as the Chief Minister by having coalition with NPP, NPF, LJP and others, the first time that BJP formed a government in Manipur, though the INC emerged as the single largest party.
  • On 27 July 2017, Janata Dal (United) rejoined NDA and formed a coalition government with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Bihar with Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister and Sushil Kumar Modi as the Deputy Chief Minister, and with that BJP completed its domination in Hindi belt.[95]

2018
  • On 9 March 2018, Biplab Kumar Deb was sworn as the Chief Minister having a pre-poll alliance with IPFT, the first time that BJP formed a government in Tripura.
  • Telugu Desam Party (TDP) withdrew from the NDA on 16 March 2018 due To Andhra Pradesh Special Category Status .[96]
  • Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP) withdrew from the NDA on 10 December 2018, citing a lack of progress on development in Bihar.[97]
  • In December 2018's state elections, the NDA lost elections in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Chhattisgarh to the INC. In Chhattisgarh, BJP was defeated by the INC with 3/4th majority. It was also defeated by the TRS in Telangana and BJP managed to win only 1 seat out of the 119 constituencies in Telangana

2019
  • On 7 January 2019, the AGP withdrew from the NDA and also from the Assam Government on the issue of citizenship amendment bill.
  • On 21 January 2019, the GJM withdrew from the NDA and extended the support to Mamata Banerjee .
  • On 19 February 2019, AIADMK and PMK rejoined NDA and BJP announced that "They will contest 5 Lok sabha seats in Tamil Nadu".
  • On 19 February 2019, Pattali Makkal Katchi rejoined NDA
  • BJP announced that "They will contest 5 Lok sabha seats in Tamil Nadu".
  • On 10 March 2019, DMDK rejoined NDA.
  • On 8 March 2019 in Sikkim, BJP joined hands with opposition party SKM
  • On 12 March 2019 in Assam, BJP joined hands with old ally AGP[98]
  • On 12 March 2019 in Maharashtra, Rayat Kranti Sanghatana is a part of NDA[99]
  • On 25 March 2019 in Tamil Nadu, Puthiya Needhi Katchi is a part of Alliance[100]
  • On 4 April 2019 in Rajasthan, BJP joined hands with the RLP[101]
  • On 5 April 2019 in Uttar Pradesh, Nishad Party joined hands with NDA[102]
  • On 23 May 2019 NDA won the 2019 Indian General election with record breaking 352 seats with its allys
  • In May 2019, NDA lost state elections of Andhra Pradesh & Odisha
  • In May 2019, NDA won the state elections of Arunachal Pradesh & Sikkim.
  • On 25 October 2019 in Haryana,

JJP joined hands with NDA to forming a stable government at Haryana with BJP[103]

Shiv Sena exited from the NDA, as BJP was not willing to agree for Sharing CM Post with Shiv Sena to form government in Maharashtra.[104]

  • In November 2019, NDA won the state election of Haryana
  • In November 2019, NDA lost the state election of Maharashtra
  • On 15 November 2019 in Jharkhand,

BJP, AJSU sever ties in Jharkhand days before Assembly elections 2019.[105]

  • On 23 November 2019 in Maharashtra, NCP (Ajit Pawar Faction) joined NDA, Ajit Pawar took oath as Maharashtra's Deputy Chief Minister.
  • On 26 November 2019 in Maharashtra, Ajit Pawar resigns as Maharashtra's Deputy Chief Minister. With immediate effect Devendra Fadnvis also resigns from the post of CM of Maharashtra. His term becomes the shortest term as Maharashtra's Chief Minister.
  • In December 2019, NDA lost the state election of Jharkhand.

2020
  • On 16 January 2020 Jana Sena of Pawan Kalyan announced that tying up with Bharatiya Janata Party in Andhra Pradesh, this decision came after Chief minister Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy's intention to decentralise the capital, instead of developing Amaravati.[106][107][108]
  • Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) led by Babulal Marandi merged with the Bharatiya Janata Party on 17 February 2020, at Jagannathpur Maidan, Ranchi in presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah, BJP president Jagat Prakash Nadda and former Chief Ministers of Jharkhand Arjun Munda and Raghubar Das.[109][110][111][excessive citations] Earlier, Marandi expelled MLAs Pradeep Yadav and Bandhu Tirkey from the party for "anti-party activities".[112] Both of them later joined Indian National Congress in its Delhi headquarters.[113]
  • In February 2020, NDA lost the state election of Delhi
  • In August 2020, Hindustani Awam Morcha re-joined NDA & granted 7 seats to contest in 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.
  • Shiromani Akali Dal announced leaving NDA in September 2020.
  • In October 2020, the Vikassheel Insaan Party which had left the Mahagathbandhan (Bihar) joined the National Democratic Alliance and was granted 11 seats to contest.
  • In October 2020, The All Jharkhand Students Union re-joined NDA.
  • In October 2020, Gorkha Janmukti Morcha broke the alliance ahead of 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election and allied with All India Trinamool Congress.[114]
  • In October 2020, Kerala Congress (Thomas) broke the alliance ahead of 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election and allied with United Democratic Front.[115]
  • In November 2020, BJP had the alliance with Bodoland People's Front ahead of 2020 Bodoland Territorial Council election.[116][irrelevant citation]
  • In November 2020, NDA won the state election of Bihar.
  • In December 2020, United People's Party Liberal and Gana Suraksha Party joined the NDA and NEDA as alliance to Executive Committee in Bodoland Territorial Council.[117][118]
  • In December 2020, Rashtriya Loktantrik Party broken the alliance on the issue of 3 agriculture reforms laws.[119]

2021
  • In March 2021, Kerala Congress (Thomas) Has Withdrawn alliance ahead of 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election And Joined United Democratic Front.[120]
  • In March 2021, Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam broken the alliance for not issuing demanded number of constituency in the 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election.[121]
  • In April 2021, Goa Forward Party withdrew from the NDA for a variety of reasons, ranging from environmental issues to BJP apathy towards unemployment.[68]
  • In May 2021, NDA lost state elections of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal
  • In May 2021, NDA won state elections of Assam & Puducherry.
  • In May 2021, Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa led Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt) joined NDA.
  • In December 2021, Captain Amrinder Singh led Punjab Lok Congress joined NDA.

2022
  • In January 2022, Simarjit Singh Bains led Lok Insaaf Party joined NDA.
  • In January 2022, Simarjit Singh Bains led Lok Insaaf Party broken the alliance for not issuing demanded number of constituency in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.
  • Bodoland People's Front rejoined NDA.
  • NDA won the state elections of Uttar Pradesh, Goa, Uttarakhand & Manipur.
  • NDA lost the state elections of Punjab.
  • After Goa Assembly elections 2022 Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party extended support to NDA.
  • On 9 August 2022, Nitish Kumar led Janta Dal United has withdrawn from NDA.[70]
  • On 19 September, Capt. Amrinder Singh led Punjab Lok Congress merged with BJP[122]

See also

Notes

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