Pole vault

Pole vaulting, also known as pole jumping, is a track and field event in which an athlete uses a long and flexible pole, usually made from fiberglass or carbon fiber, as an aid to jump over a bar. Pole jumping competitions were known to the Mycenaean Greeks, Minoan Greeks and Celts. It has been a full medal event at the Olympic Games since 1896 for men and since 2000 for women.

Athletics
Pole vault
Vaulting phases of current world record holder Armand Duplantis
World records
Men Armand Duplantis 6.21 m (20 ft 4+1⁄4 in) (2022)
Women Yelena Isinbayeva 5.06 m (16 ft 7 in) (2009)
Olympic records
Men Thiago Braz 6.03 m (19 ft 9+1⁄4 in) (2016)
Women Yelena Isinbayeva 5.05 m (16 ft 6+3⁄4 in) (2008)
World Championship records
Men Armand Duplantis 6.21 m (20 ft 4+1⁄4 in) (2022)
Women Yelena Isinbayeva 5.01 m (16 ft 5 in) (2005)

It is typically classified as one of the four major jumping events in athletics, alongside the high jump, long jump and triple jump. It is unusual among track and field sports in that it requires a significant amount of specialised equipment in order to participate, even at a basic level. A number of elite pole vaulters have had backgrounds in gymnastics, including world record breakers Yelena Isinbayeva and Brian Sternberg, reflecting the similar physical attributes required for the sports.[1][2] Running speed, however, may be the most dominant factor. Physical attributes such as speed, agility and strength are essential to pole vaulting effectively, but technical skill is an equally if not more important element. The object of pole vaulting is to clear a bar or crossbar supported upon two uprights (standards) without knocking it down.

History
Pole vault in the 1890s at US Naval Academy
Traditional fierljeppen in the Netherlands, using poles to clear "horizontal distances" over rivers

Poles were used as a practical means of passing over natural obstacles in marshy places such as the province of Friesland in the Netherlands, along the North Sea, and the great level of the Fens in England across Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Lincolnshire and Norfolk. Artificial draining of these marshes created a network of open drains or canals intersecting each other. To cross these without getting soaked, while avoiding tedious roundabout journeys over bridges, a stack of jumping poles was kept at every house and used for vaulting over the canals.

Distance pole vaulting competitions continue to be held annually in the lowlands around the North Sea. These far-jumping competitions (Frisian: Fierljeppen) are not based on height.[3]

In his book The Mechanics of the Pole Vault, Richard Ganslen reports that the London Gymnastic Society under Professor Voelker held measured pole vaulting events in 1826, involving 1,300 participants and recording heights up to 10 ft 10 in (3.3 m).[4] Other early pole vaulting competitions where height was measured took place at the Ulverston Football and Cricket Club, Lancashire, north of the sands (now Cumbria) in 1843.[5] Modern competition began around 1850 in Germany, when pole vaulting was added to the exercises of the Turner gymnastic clubs by Johann C. F. GutsMuths and Friedrich L. Jahn. In Great Britain, it was first practiced at the Caledonian Games.

Initially, vaulting poles were made from stiff materials such as bamboo or aluminum.[6] The introduction of flexible vaulting poles in the early 1950s made from composites such as fiberglass or carbon fiber allowed vaulters to achieve greater height.[7]

Pole vaulter Allison Stokke prepares for her jump.

In 2000, IAAF rule 260.18a (formerly 260.6a) was amended, so that "world records" (as opposed to "indoor world records") can be set in a facility "with or without roof". This rule was not applied retroactively.[8] With many indoor facilities not conforming to outdoor track specifications for size and flatness, the pole vault was the only world record set indoors until 2022.

Modern vaulting

Today, athletes compete in the pole vault as one of the four jumping events in track and field. Because the high jump and pole vault are both vertical jumps, the competitions are conducted similarly. Each athlete can choose at what height they would like to enter the competition. Once they enter, they have three attempts to clear the height. If a height is cleared, the vaulter advances to the next height, where they will have three more attempts. Once the vaulter has three consecutive misses, they are out of the competition and the highest height they cleared is their result. A "no height", often denoted "NH", refers to the failure of a vaulter to clear any bar during the competition.

Once the vaulter enters the competition, they can choose to pass heights. If a vaulter achieves a miss on their first attempt at a height, they can pass to the next height, but they will only have two attempts at that height, as they will be out once they achieve three consecutive misses. Similarly, after earning two misses at a height, they could pass to the next height, when they would have only one attempt.

An athlete passes the bar with the aid of a pole.

The competitor who clears the highest height is the winner. If two or more vaulters have finished with the same height, the tie is broken by the number of misses at the final height. If the tied vaulters have the same number of misses at the last height cleared, the tie is broken by the total number of misses in the competition.

If there is still a tie for first place, a jump-off occurs to break the tie. Marks achieved in this type of jump-off are considered valid and count for any purpose that a mark achieved in a normal competition would.

If a tie in the other places still exists, a jump-off is not normally conducted, unless the competition is a qualifying meet, and the tie exists in the final qualifying spot. In this case, an administrative jump-off is conducted to break the tie, but the marks are not considered valid for any other purpose than breaking the tie.

A jump-off is a sudden death competition in which the tied vaulters attempt the same height, starting with the last attempted height. If both vaulters miss, the bar goes down by a small increment, and if both clear, the bar goes up by a small increment. A jump-off ends when one vaulter clears and the other misses. Each vaulter gets one attempt at each height until one makes and one misses.

The equipment and rules for pole vaulting are similar to the high jump. Unlike high jump, however, the athlete in the vault has the ability to select the horizontal position of the bar before each jump and can place it a distance beyond the back of the box, the metal pit that the pole is placed into immediately before takeoff. The range of distance the vaulter may place the standards varies depending on the level of competition.

Painting by former athlete Raffaello Ducceschi depicting the pole vault

If the pole used by the athlete dislodges the bar from the uprights, a foul attempt is ruled, even if the athlete has cleared the height. An athlete does not benefit from quickly leaving the landing pad before the bar has fallen. The exception to this rule if the vaulter is vaulting outdoors and has made a clear effort to throw the pole back, but the wind has blown the pole into the bar; this counts as a clearance. This call is made at the discretion of the pole vault official. If the pole breaks during the execution of a vault, it is considered an equipment failure and is ruled a non-jump, neither a make nor a miss. Other types of equipment failure include the standards slipping down or the wind dislodging the bar when no contact was made by the vaulter.

Each athlete has a set amount of time in which to make an attempt. The amount of time varies by level of competition and the number of vaulters remaining. If the vaulter fails to begin an attempt within this time, the vaulter is charged with a time foul and the attempt is a miss.

Poles are manufactured with ratings corresponding to the vaulter's maximum weight. As a safety precaution, some organizations forbid use of poles rated below the vaulter's weight. The recommended weight roughly corresponds to a flex rating that is determined by the manufacturer by applying a standardized amount of stress (most commonly a 50 lb (23 kg) weight) on the pole and measuring how much the center of the pole is displaced. Therefore, two poles rated at the same weight are not necessarily the same stiffness.

Pole stiffness and length are important factors to a vaulter's performance. Therefore, it is not uncommon for an elite vaulter to carry as many as ten poles to a competition. The effective length of a pole can be changed by gripping the pole higher or lower in relation to the top of the pole. The left and right handgrips are typically a bit more than shoulder width apart. Poles are manufactured for people of all skill levels and body sizes, with lengths between 3.05 m (10 ft 0 in) and 5.30 m (17 ft 5 in) and a wide range of weight ratings. Each manufacturer determines the weight rating for the pole and the location of the maximum handhold band.

Speed is an essential element to high jumps. The horizontal kinetic energy produced by the run is converted to vertical propulsion . Assuming no loss of energy , this means that .

Technology

Competitive pole vaulting began using solid ash poles. As the heights attained increased, bamboo poles gave way to tubular aluminum,[9] which was tapered at each end. Today's pole vaulters benefit from poles produced by wrapping pre-cut sheets of fiberglass that contains resin around a metal pole mandrel, to produce a slightly curved pole that bends more easily under the compression caused by an athlete's take-off. The shape of the fiberglass sheets and the amount of fiberglass used is carefully planned to provide the desired length and stiffness of pole. Different fiber types, including carbon-fiber, are used to give poles specific characteristics intended to promote higher jumps. In recent years, carbon fiber has been added to the commonly used E-glass (E for initial electrical use) and S-glass (S for solid) materials to create a lighter pole.

As in the high jump, the landing area was originally a heap of sawdust or sand where athletes landed on their feet. As technology enabled higher vaults, mats evolved into bags of large chunks of foam. Today's mats are foam usually 1–1.5 meters (3 ft 3 in – 4 ft 11 in) thick. They are usually built up with two cross-laid square section logs with gaps between them, topped by a solid layer of foam of the same thickness. This lattice construction is wrapped in a close-fitting cover topped with nylon mesh, which allows some air to escape, thus combining both foam and a measure of air cushioning. The final layer is a large mat of mesh-covered foam which is clipped around the edges of the complete pit and prevents the athlete from falling between the individual bags. Mats are growing larger in area as well to minimize risk of injury. Proper landing technique is on the back or shoulders. Landing on the feet should be avoided, to eliminate the risk of injury to the lower extremities, particularly ankle sprains.

Rule changes over the years have resulted in larger landing areas and additional padding of all hard and unyielding surfaces.

The pole vault crossbar has evolved from a triangular aluminum bar to a round fiberglass bar with rubber ends. This is balanced on standards and can be knocked off when it is hit by a pole vaulter or the pole. Rule changes have led to shorter pegs and crossbar ends that are semi-circular.

Technique
Phases of pole vaulting
Théo Mancheron competes in the men's decathlon pole vault final during the French Athletics Championships 2013 at Stade Charléty in Paris, 13 July 2013.

Although many techniques are used by vaulters at various skill levels to clear the bar, the generally accepted technical model can be broken down into several phases.

Approach

During the approach the pole vaulter sprints down the runway in such a way as to achieve maximum speed and correct position to initiate takeoff at the end of the approach. Top class vaulters use approaches with 18 to 22 strides, often referred to as a "step" in which every other foot is counted as one step. The run-up to the vaulting pit begins forcefully with the vaulter running powerfully in a relaxed, upright position with knees lifted and torso leaning very slightly forward. The head, shoulders and hips are aligned, the vaulter increasing speed as the body becomes erect. The tip of the vaulting pole is angled higher than eye level until three paces from takeoff, when the pole tip descends efficiently, amplifying run speed as the pole is planted into the vault box. The faster the vaulter can run and the more efficient their take-off is, the greater the kinetic energy that can be achieved and used during the vault.

Plant and take-off

The plant and take-off is initiated typically three steps out from the final step. Vaulters will usually count their steps backwards from their starting point to the box only counting the steps taken on the left foot (vice versa for left-handers) except for the second step from the box, which is taken by the right foot. For example, a vaulter on a "ten count" (referring to the number of counted steps from the starting point to the box) would count backwards from ten, only counting the steps taken with the left foot, until the last three steps taken and both feet are counted as three, two, one. These last three steps are normally quicker than the previous strides and are referred to as the "turn-over". The goal of this phase is to efficiently translate the kinetic energy accumulated from the approach into potential energy stored by the elasticity of the pole, and to gain as much initial vertical height as possible by jumping off the ground. The plant starts with the vaulter raising their arms up from around the hips or mid-torso until they are fully outstretched above the head, with the right arm extended directly above the head and the left arm extended perpendicular to the pole (vice versa for left-handed vaulters). At the same time, the vaulter is dropping the pole tip into the box. On the final step, the vaulter jumps off the trail leg which should always remain straight and then drives the front knee forward. As the pole slides into the back of the box the pole begins to bend and the vaulter continues up and forward, leaving the trail leg angled down and behind.

Swing up

The swing and row simply consists of the vaulter swinging the trail leg forward and rowing the pole, bringing the top arm down to the hips, while trying to keep the trail leg straight to store more potential energy into the pole, the rowing motion also keeps the pole bent for a longer period of time for the vaulter to get into optimum position. Once in a "U" shape the left arm hugs the pole tight to efficiently use the recoil within the pole. The goal is to carry out these motions as thoroughly and as quickly as possible; it is a race against the unbending of the pole. Effectively, this causes a double pendulum motion, with the top of the pole moving forward and pivoting from the box, while the vaulter acts as a second pendulum pivoting from the right hand. This action gives the vaulter the best position possible to be "ejected" off the pole. The swing continues until the hips are above the head and the arms are pulling the pole close to the chest; from there the vaulter shoots their legs up over the cross bar while keeping the pole close.[10][11]

Extension

The extension refers to the extension of the hips upward with outstretched legs as the shoulders drive down, causing the vaulter to be positioned upside down. This position is often referred to as "inversion". While this phase is executed, the pole begins to recoil, propelling the vaulter quickly upward. The hands of the vaulter remain close to the body as they move from the shins back to the region around the hips and upper torso.

Turn

The turn is executed immediately after or even during the end of the rockback. As the name implies, the vaulter turns 180° toward the pole while extending the arms down past the head and shoulders. Typically the vaulter will begin to angle their body toward the bar as the turn is executed, although ideally the vaulter will remain as vertical as possible. A more accurate description of this phase of the vault may be "the spin" because the vaulter spins around an imaginary axis from head to toe.

Fly-away

This is often highly emphasized by spectators and novice vaulters, but it is the easiest phase of the vault and is a result of proper execution of previous phases. This phase mainly consists of the vaulter pushing off the pole and releasing it so it falls away from the bar and mats. As the torso goes over and around the bar, the vaulter is facing the bar. Rotation of the body over the bar occurs naturally, and the vaulter's main concern is making sure that their arms, face and any other appendages do not knock the bar off as they go over. The vaulter should land near the middle of the foam landing mats, or pits, face up.

Terminology
Bar
The cross bar that is suspended above the ground by the standards.
Box
A trapezoidal indentation in the ground with a metal or fiberglass covering at the end of the runway in which vaulters "plant" their pole. The back wall of the box is nearly vertical and is approximately 8 inches (20 cm) in depth. The bottom of the box gradually slopes upward approximately 3 feet (90 cm) until it is level with the runway. The covering in the box ensures the pole will slide to the back of the box without catching on anything. The covering's lip overlaps onto the runway and ensures a smooth transition from all-weather surface so a pole being planted does not catch on the box.
Drive knee
During the plant phase, the knee is driven forward at the time of "takeoff" to help propel the vaulter upward.
Grip
The location of the vaulter's top hand on the pole. As the vaulter improves, their grip may move up the pole incrementally. The other hand is typically placed shoulder-width down from the top hand. Hands are not allowed to grip the very top of the pole (their hand perpendicular to the pole) for safety reasons.
Jump foot
The foot that the vaulter uses to leave the ground as they begin their vault. It is also referred to as the take-off foot.
Pit
The mats used for landing in pole vault.
Plant position
The position a vaulter is in the moment the pole reaches the back of the box and the vaulter begins their vault. Their arms are fully extended and their drive knee begins to come up as they jump.
Pole
The fiberglass equipment used to propel the vaulter up and over the bar. One side is stiffer than the other to facilitate the bending of the pole after the plant. A vaulter may rest the pole on their arm to determine which side is the stiff side.
Standards
The equipment that holds the bar at a particular height above the ground. Standards may be adjusted to raise and lower the bar and also to adjust the horizontal position of the bar.
Steps
Since the box is in a fixed position, vaulters must adjust their approach to ensure they are in the correct position when attempting to vault.
Swing leg or trail leg
The swing leg is also the jump foot. After a vaulter has left the ground, the leg that was last touching the ground stays extended and swings forward to help propel the vaulter upwards.
Volzing
A method of holding or pushing the bar back onto the pegs while jumping over a height. This takes considerable skill, although it is now against the rules and counted as a miss. The technique is named after U.S. Olympian Dave Volz, who made an art form of the practice and surprised many by making the U.S. Olympic team in 1992.

All-time top 25

Men (outdoor)
Ath.#Perf.#MarkAthleteNationDatePlaceRef
116.21 m (20 ft 4+1⁄4 in)Armand Duplantis Sweden24 JUL 2022Eugene
2 6.16 m (20 ft 2+1⁄2 in) Duplantis #2 30 JUN 2022 Stockholm [16]
36.15 m (20 ft 2 in)Duplantis #317 SEP 2020Rome
246.14 m (20 ft 1+1⁄2 in) ASergey Bubka Ukraine31 JUL 1994Sestriere
56.13 m (20 ft 1+1⁄4 in)Bubka #219 SEP 1992Tokyo
66.12 m (20 ft 3⁄4 in)Bubka #330 AUG 1992Padua
76.11 m (20 ft 1⁄2 in)Bubka #413 JUN 1992Dijon
86.10 m (20 ft 0 in)Bubka #505 AUG 1991Malmö
Duplantis #406 JUN 2021Hengelo
Duplantis #5 06 AUG 2022 Chorzów [17]
Duplantis #6 25 AUG 2022 Lausanne [18]
126.09 m (19 ft 11+3⁄4 in)Bubka #608 JUL 1991Formia
136.08 m (19 ft 11+1⁄4 in)Bubka #709 JUN 1991Moscow
146.07 m (19 ft 10+3⁄4 in)Bubka #806 MAY 1991Shizuoka
Duplantis #702 SEP 2020Lausanne
Duplantis #8 08 SEP 2022 Zürich [19]
176.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in)Bubka #910 JUL 1988Nice
3176.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in)Sam Kendricks United States27 JUL 2019Des Moines[20]
176.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in)Duplantis #909 SEP 2021Zürich[21]
Duplantis #1024 JUL 2022Eugene
Duplantis #1120 AUG 2022Munich[22]
226.05 m (19 ft 10 in)Bubka #1009 JUN 1988Bratislava
Bubka #1110 SEP 1993London
Bubka #1230 AUG 1994Berlin
Bubka #1313 SEP 1997Fukuoka
4226.05 m (19 ft 10 in)Maksim Tarasov Russia16 JUN 1999Athens
Dmitri Markov Australia09 AUG 2001Edmonton
Renaud Lavillenie France30 MAY 2015Eugene
226.05 m (19 ft 10 in)Duplantis #1212 AUG 2018Berlin
Duplantis #1303 SEP 2021Brussels[23]
76.04 m (19 ft 9+3⁄4 in)Brad Walker United States08 JUN 2008Eugene
86.03 m (19 ft 9+1⁄4 in)Okkert Brits South Africa18 AUG 1995Cologne
Jeff Hartwig United States14 JUN 2000Jonesboro
Thiago Braz Brazil15 AUG 2016Rio de Janeiro[24]
116.02 m (19 ft 9 in)Piotr Lisek Poland12 JUL 2019Monaco[25]
126.01 m (19 ft 8+1⁄2 in)Igor Trandenkov Russia03 JUL 1996St. Petersburg
Timothy Mack United States18 SEP 2004Monaco
Yevgeny Lukyanenko Russia01 JUL 2008Bydgoszcz
Björn Otto Germany05 SEP 2012Aachen
166.00 m (19 ft 8 in)Radion Gataullin Soviet Union16 SEP 1989Tokyo
Tim Lobinger Germany24 AUG 1997Cologne
Toby Stevenson United States08 MAY 2004Modesto
Paul Burgess Australia26 FEB 2005Perth
Steve Hooker Australia27 JAN 2008Perth
Timur Morgunov Authorised Neutral Athletes12 AUG 2018Berlin[26]
Chris Nilsen United States06 MAY 2022Sioux Falls[27]
235.98 m (19 ft 7+1⁄4 in)Lawrence Johnson United States25 MAY 1996Knoxville
Jean Galfione France23 JUL 1999Amiens
255.97 m (19 ft 7 in)Scott Huffman United States18 JUN 1994Knoxville

Women (outdoor)
Ath.#Perf.#MarkAthleteNationDatePlaceRef
115.06 m (16 ft 7 in)Yelena Isinbayeva Russia28 AUG 2009Zürich
25.05 m (16 ft 6+3⁄4 in)Isinbayeva #218 AUG 2008Beijing
35.04 m (16 ft 6+1⁄4 in)Isinbayeva #329 JUL 2008Monaco
45.03 m (16 ft 6 in)Isinbayeva #411 JUL 2008Rome
55.01 m (16 ft 5 in)Isinbayeva #512 AUG 2005Helsinki
255.01 m (16 ft 5 in)Anzhelika Sidorova Authorised Neutral Athletes09 SEP 2021Zürich[28]
75.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in)Isinbayeva #622 JUL 2005London
375.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in)Sandi Morris United States09 SEP 2016Brussels[29]
94.96 m (16 ft 3+1⁄4 in)Isinbayeva #722 JUL 2005London
104.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in)Isinbayeva #816 JUL 2005Madrid
Morris #227 JUL 2018Greenville
Sidorova #229 SEP 2019Doha[30]
4104.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in)Katie Nageotte United States26 JUN 2021Eugene
5144.94 m (16 ft 2+1⁄4 in)Eliza McCartney New Zealand17 JUL 2018Jockgrim[31]
154.93 m (16 ft 2 in)Isinbayeva #905 JUL 2005Lausanne
Isinbayeva #1026 AUG 2005Brussels
Isinbayeva #1125 JUL 2008London
Morris #323 JUL 2016Houston
6154.93 m (16 ft 2 in)Jennifer Suhr United States14 APR 2018Austin
154.93 m (16 ft 2 in)Nageotte #223 MAY 2021Marietta
214.92 m (16 ft 1+1⁄2 in)Isinbayeva #1203 SEP 2004Brussels
Suhr #206 JUL 2008Eugene
McCartney #223 JUN 2018Mannheim
Nageotte #301 AUG 2020Marietta
254.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in)Isinbayeva #1324 AUG 2004Athens
Isinbayeva #1428 JUL 2006London
Isinbayeva #1506 JUL 2007Paris
Suhr #326 JUL 2011Rochester
Suhr #414 JUN 2013Lyndonville
7254.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in)Yarisley Silva Cuba02 AUG 2015Beckum
Katerina Stefanidi Greece06 AUG 2017London[32]
254.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in)Suhr #530 MAR 2019Austin
Sidorova #310 JUN 2021Florence
Sidorova #402 AUG 2022Cheboksary
94.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in)Holly Bradshaw United Kingdom26 JUN 2021Manchester
104.88 m (16 ft 0 in)Svetlana Feofanova Russia04 JUL 2004Herakleion
114.87 m (15 ft 11+1⁄2 in)Fabiana Murer Brazil03 JUL 2016São Bernardo do Campo[33]
124.85 m (15 ft 10+3⁄4 in)Wilma Murto Finland17 AUG 2022Munich[34]
134.83 m (15 ft 10 in)Stacy Dragila United States08 JUN 2004Ostrava
Anna Rogowska Poland26 AUG 2005Brussels
Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou Greece04 JUL 2015Paris[35]
Michaela Meijer Sweden01 AUG 2020 Norrköping[36]
174.82 m (15 ft 9+3⁄4 in)Monika Pyrek Poland22 SEP 2007Stuttgart
Silke Spiegelburg Germany20 JUL 2012Monaco
Alysha Newman Canada24 AUG 2019Paris[37]
Nina Kennedy Australia13 MAR 2021Sydney[38]
214.81 m (15 ft 9+1⁄4 in)Alana Boyd Australia12 JUN 2008Ostrava[39]
224.80 m (15 ft 8+3⁄4 in)Martina Strutz Germany30 AUG 2011Daegu
Angelica Bengtsson Sweden29 SEP 2019Doha
244.78 m (15 ft 8 in)Tatyana Polnova Russia19 SEP 2004Monaco
Nicole Büchler  Switzerland06 MAY 2016Doha

Men (indoor)
Ath.#Perf.#MarkAthleteNationDatePlaceRef
1 1 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) Armand Duplantis  Sweden 20 MAR 2022 Belgrade [40]
2 6.19 m (20 ft 3+1⁄2 in) Duplantis #2 07 MAR 2022 Belgrade [41]
3 6.18 m (20 ft 3+1⁄4 in) Duplantis #3 15 FEB 2020 Glasgow
46.17 m (20 ft 2+3⁄4 in)Duplantis #408 FEB 2020Toruń
256.16 m (20 ft 2+1⁄2 in)Renaud Lavillenie France15 FEB 2014Donetsk[42]
366.15 m (20 ft 2 in)Sergey Bubka Ukraine21 FEB 1993Donetsk
76.14 m (20 ft 1+1⁄2 in)Bubka #213 FEB 1993Liévin
86.13 m (20 ft 1+1⁄4 in)Bubka #321 FEB 1992Berlin
96.12 m (20 ft 3⁄4 in)Bubka #423 MAR 1991Grenoble
106.11 m (20 ft 1⁄2 in)Bubka #519 MAR 1991Donetsk
116.10 m (20 ft 0 in)Bubka #615 MAR 1991San Sebastián
Duplantis #524 FEB 2021Belgrade
136.08 m (19 ft 11+1⁄4 in)Bubka #709 FEB 1991Volgograd
Lavillenie #231 JAN 2014Bydgoszcz
156.07 m (19 ft 10+3⁄4 in)Duplantis #619 FEB 2020Liévin
4166.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in)Steve Hooker Australia07 FEB 2009Boston
166.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in)Lavillenie #327 FEB 2021Aubière
186.05 m (19 ft 10 in)Bubka #817 MAR 1990Donetsk
Bubka #905 MAR 1993Berlin
Bubka #1006 FEB 1994Grenoble
Duplantis #707 MAR 2021Toruń
Duplantis #819 FEB 2022Birmingham[43]
5186.05 m (19 ft 10 in)Chris Nilsen United States05 MAR 2022Rouen[44][45]
246.04 m (19 ft 9+3⁄4 in)Lavillenie #4 25 JAN 2014Rouen
Lavillenie #507 MAR 2015Prague
Duplantis #909 FEB 2022Uppsala[46]
66.02 m (19 ft 9 in)Radion Gataullin Soviet Union04 FEB 1989Gomel
Jeff Hartwig United States10 MAR 2002Sindelfingen
86.01 m (19 ft 8+1⁄2 in)Sam Kendricks United States08 FEB 2020Rouen
96.00 m (19 ft 8 in)Maksim Tarasov Russia05 FEB 1999Budapest
Jean Galfione France06 MAR 1999Maebashi
Danny Ecker Germany11 FEB 2001Dortmund
96.00 m (19 ft 8 in) AShawnacy Barber Canada15 JAN 2016Reno
96.00 m (19 ft 8 in)Piotr Lisek Poland04 FEB 2017Potsdam
KC Lightfoot United States13 FEB 2021Lubbock[47]
155.96 m (19 ft 6+1⁄2 in)Lawrence Johnson United States03 MAR 2001Atlanta
Menno Vloon Netherlands27 FEB 2021Aubière
175.95 m (19 ft 6+1⁄4 in)Tim Lobinger Germany18 FEB 2000Chemnitz
Thiago Braz Brazil20 MAR 2022Belgrade[48]
195.94 m (19 ft 5+3⁄4 in)Philippe Collet France10 MAR 1990Grenoble
205.93 m (19 ft 5+1⁄4 in)Billy Olson United States08 FEB 1986East Rutherford
Tye Harvey United States03 MAR 2001Atlanta
235.92 m (19 ft 5 in)Igor Potapovich Kazakhstan19 FEB 1998Stockholm
Björn Otto Germany18 FEB 2012Potsdam
255.91 m (19 ft 4+1⁄2 in)Joe Dial United States01 FEB 1986Columbia
Viktor Ryzhenkov Soviet Union15 MAR 1991San Sebastián
Timur Morgunov Authorised Neutral Athletes29 AUG 2018Zürich

Women (indoor)
Ath.#Perf.#MarkAthleteNationDatePlaceRef
115.03 m (16 ft 6 in)Jennifer Suhr United States30 JAN 2016Brockport[49]
25.02 m (16 ft 5+1⁄2 in) ASuhr #202 MAR 2013Albuquerque
235.01 m (16 ft 5 in)Yelena Isinbayeva Russia23 FEB 2012Stockholm
45.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in)Isinbayeva #215 FEB 2009Donetsk
54.97 m (16 ft 3+1⁄2 in)Isinbayeva #315 FEB 2009Donetsk
64.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in)Isinbayeva #416 FEB 2008Donetsk
364.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in)Sandi Morris United States12 MAR 2016Portland
64.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in)Morris #203 MAR 2018Birmingham
364.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in)Anzhelika Sidorova Authorised Neutral Athletes29 FEB 2020Moscow[50]
5104.94 m (16 ft 2+1⁄4 in)Katie Nageotte United States11 JUN 2021Marietta
114.93 m (16 ft 2 in)Isinbayeva #510 FEB 2007Donetsk
124.92 m (16 ft 1+1⁄2 in)Sidorova #225 FEB 2020Moscow
134.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in)Isinbayeva #612 FEB 2006Donetsk
Suhr #316 JAN 2016Kent
134.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) ANageotte #218 FEB 2018Albuquerque
134.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in)Sidorova #308 FEB 2019Madrid
Morris #308 FEB 2020New York City
184.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in)Isinbayeva #706 MAR 2005Madrid
Isinbayeva #826 FEB 2009Prague
6184.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in)Katerina Stefanidi Greece20 FEB 2016New York City[51]
Demi Payne United States20 FEB 2016New York City[51]
184.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in)Suhr #412 MAR 2016Portland
Suhr #517 MAR 2016Portland
184.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) AMorris #412 JAN 2018Reno
184.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in)Sidorova #403 MAR 2018Birmingham
184.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) AMorris #515 FEB 2020Albuquerque
184.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in)Sidorova #521 FEB 2021Moscow
84.87 m (15 ft 11+1⁄2 in)Holly Bradshaw United Kingdom20 JAN 2012Villeurbanne
94.85 m (15 ft 10+3⁄4 in)Svetlana Feofanova Russia22 FEB 2004Peania
Anna Rogowska Poland06 MAR 2011Paris
114.83 m (15 ft 10 in)Fabiana Murer Brazil07 FEB 2015Nevers
124.82 m (15 ft 9+3⁄4 in)Yarisley Silva Cuba24 APR 2013Des Moines
Alysha Newman Canada28 AUG 2019Zürich[52]
144.81 m (15 ft 9+1⁄4 in)Stacy Dragila United States06 MAR 2004Budapest
Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou Greece17 FEB 2016Stockholm
Angelica Bengtsson Sweden24 FEB 2019Clermont-Ferrand[53]
Polina Knoroz Authorised Neutral Athletes19 FEB 2022Clermont-Ferrand[54]
184.80 m (15 ft 8+3⁄4 in)Nicole Büchler  Switzerland17 MAR 2016Portland
Iryna Zhuk Belarus17 FEB 2022Liévin[55]
Tina Šutej Slovenia05 MAR 2022Rouen[56][57]
214.78 m (15 ft 8 in)Robeilys Peinado Venezuela19 FEB 2020Liévin[58]
Olivia Gruver United States07 FEB 2021Fayetteville[59]
234.77 m (15 ft 7+3⁄4 in)Silke Spiegelburg Germany15 JAN 2012Leverkusen
244.76 m (15 ft 7+1⁄4 in)Monika Pyrek Poland12 FEB 2006Donetsk
254.75 m (15 ft 7 in)Yuliya Golubchikova Russia13 FEB 2008Athens
254.75 m (15 ft 7 in) AKylie Hutson United States02 MAR 2013Albuquerque
254.75 m (15 ft 7 in)Lisa Ryzih Germany04 MAR 2017Belgrade
Eliza McCartney New Zealand03 MAR 2018Birmingham
Michaela Meijer Sweden10 FEB 2019Bærum
Angelica Moser  Switzerland06 MAR 2021Toruń

Six metres club

The "six metres club" consists of pole vaulters who have reached at least 6.00 metres.[60] In 1985 Sergey Bubka became the first pole vaulter to clear six metres.

Mark Athlete Nation Outdoors Indoors Year first
cleared
6 metres
6.21 Armand Duplantis  Sweden 6.21 6.20 2018
6.16 Renaud Lavillenie  France 6.05 6.16 2009
6.15 Sergey Bubka  Soviet Union /  Ukraine 6.14 6.15 1985
6.06 Steve Hooker  Australia 6.00 6.06 2008
Sam Kendricks  United States 6.06 6.01 2017
6.05 Maksim Tarasov  Russia 6.05 6.00 1997
Dmitri Markov  Belarus /  Australia 6.05 5.85 1998
Chris Nilsen  United States 6.00 6.05 2022
6.04 Brad Walker  United States 6.04 5.86 2006
6.03 Okkert Brits  South Africa 6.03 5.90 1995
Jeff Hartwig  United States 6.03 6.02 1998
Thiago Braz  Brazil 6.03 5.95 2016
6.02 Radion Gataullin  Soviet Union /  Russia 6.00 6.02 1989
Piotr Lisek  Poland 6.02 6.00 2017
6.01 Igor Trandenkov  Russia 6.01 5.90 1996
Timothy Mack  United States 6.01 5.85 2004
Yevgeny Lukyanenko  Russia 6.01 5.90 2008
Björn Otto  Germany 6.01 5.92 2012
6.00 Tim Lobinger  Germany 6.00 5.95 1997
Jean Galfione  France 5.98 6.00 1999
Danny Ecker  Germany 5.93 6.00 2001
Toby Stevenson  United States 6.00 5.81 2004
Paul Burgess  Australia 6.00 5.80 2005
Shawnacy Barber  Canada 5.93 6.00 2016
Timur Morgunov  Authorised Neutral Athletes 6.00 5.91 2018
KC Lightfoot  United States 5.82 6.00 2021

Five metres club

Four women have cleared 5 metres. Yelena Isinbayeva was the first to clear 5.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in) on 22 July 2005. On 2 March 2013, Jennifer Suhr cleared 5.02 m (16 ft 5+1⁄2 in) indoors to become the second. Sandi Morris cleared 5.00 meters on 9 September 2016, to become the third. Anzhelika Sidorova cleared 5.01 m (16 ft 5 in) at the Diamond League final in Zürich on 9 September 2021.

Mark Athlete Nation Outdoors Indoors Year first

cleared 5 metres

5.06 Yelena Isinbayeva Russia5.065.01 2005
5.03 Jennifer Suhr  United States 4.93 5.03 2013
5.01 Anzhelika Sidorova  Authorised Neutral Athletes 5.01 4.95 2021
5.00 Sandi Morris  United States 5.00 4.95 2016

Milestones

This is a list of the first time a milestone mark was cleared.[61]

Mark Athlete Nation Date
13 ft (3.96 m) Robert Gardner  United States 1 June 1912
4 m (13 ft 1+1⁄2 in) Marc Wright  United States 8 June 1912
14 ft (4.27 m) Sabin Carr  United States 27 May 1927
4.5 m (14 ft 9 in) William Sefton[62]  United States 29 May 1937
15 ft (4.57 m) Cornelius "Dutch" Warmerdam  United States 13 April 1940
16 ft (4.88 m) John Uelses  United States 31 March 1962
5 m (16 ft 5 in) Brian Sternberg  United States 27 April 1963
17 ft (5.18 m) John Pennel  United States 24 August 1963
18 ft (5.49 m) Christos Papanikolaou  Greece 24 October 1970
5.5 m (18 ft 1⁄2 in) Kjell Isaksson  Sweden 8 April 1972
19 ft (5.79 m) Thierry Vigneron  France 20 June 1981
6 m (19 ft 8 in) Sergey Bubka  Soviet Union 13 July 1985
20 ft (6.10 m) Sergey Bubka  Soviet Union 16 March 1991 (indoors)
5 August 1991 (outdoors)

This is a list of the first-time milestones for women.

Mark Athlete Nation Date
4 m (13 ft 1+1⁄2 in) Zhang Chunzhen  China 24 March 1991
14 ft (4.27 m) Emma George[63]  Australia 17 December 1995
4.5 m (14 ft 9 in) Emma George  Australia 8 February 1997
15 ft (4.57 m) Emma George[64]  Australia 14 March 1998
16 ft (4.88 m) Svetlana Feofanova  Russia 4 July 2004
5 m (16 ft 5 in) Yelena Isinbayeva  Russia 22 July 2005

Olympic medalists

Men
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1896 Athens
 William Hoyt
 United States		 Albert Tyler
 United States		 Evangelos Damaskos
 Greece
Ioannis Theodoropoulos
 Greece
1900 Paris
 Irving Baxter
 United States		 Meredith Colket
 United States		 Carl Albert Andersen
 Norway
1904 St. Louis
 Charles Dvorak
 United States		 LeRoy Samse
 United States		 Louis Wilkins
 United States
1908 London
 Edward Cook
 United States		 none awarded Edward Archibald
 Canada
Clare Jacobs
 United States
Alfred Gilbert
 United States
Bruno Söderström
 Sweden
1912 Stockholm
 Harry Babcock
 United States		 Frank Nelson
 United States		 William Halpenny
 Canada
Frank Murphy
 United States
Marc Wright
 United States
Bertil Uggla
 Sweden
1920 Antwerp
 Frank Foss
 United States		 Henry Petersen
 Denmark		 Edwin Myers
 United States
1924 Paris
 Lee Barnes
 United States		 Glen Graham
 United States		 James Brooker
 United States
1928 Amsterdam
 Sabin Carr
 United States		 William Droegemueller
 United States		 Charles McGinnis
 United States
1932 Los Angeles
 Bill Miller
 United States		 Shuhei Nishida
 Japan		 George Jefferson
 United States
1936 Berlin
 Earle Meadows
 United States		 Shuhei Nishida
 Japan		 Sueo Ōe
 Japan
1948 London
 Guinn Smith
 United States		 Erkki Kataja
 Finland		 Bob Richards
 United States
1952 Helsinki
 Bob Richards
 United States		 Don Laz
 United States		 Ragnar Lundberg
 Sweden
1956 Melbourne
 Bob Richards
 United States		 Bob Gutowski
 United States		 Georgios Roubanis
 Greece
1960 Rome
 Don Bragg
 United States		 Ron Morris
 United States		 Eeles Landström
 Finland
1964 Tokyo
 Fred Hansen
 United States		 Wolfgang Reinhardt
 United Team of Germany		 Klaus Lehnertz
 United Team of Germany
1968 Mexico City
 Bob Seagren
 United States		 Claus Schiprowski
 West Germany		 Wolfgang Nordwig
 East Germany
1972 Munich
 Wolfgang Nordwig
 East Germany		 Bob Seagren
 United States		 Jan Johnson
 United States
1976 Montreal
 Tadeusz Ślusarski
 Poland		 Antti Kalliomäki
 Finland		 David Roberts
 United States
1980 Moscow
 Władysław Kozakiewicz
 Poland		 Tadeusz Ślusarski
 Poland		 none awarded
Konstantin Volkov
 Soviet Union
1984 Los Angeles
 Pierre Quinon
 France		 Mike Tully
 United States		 Earl Bell
 United States
Thierry Vigneron
 France
1988 Seoul
 Sergey Bubka
 Soviet Union		 Radion Gataullin
 Soviet Union		 Grigoriy Yegorov
 Soviet Union
1992 Barcelona
 Maksim Tarasov
 Unified Team		 Igor Trandenkov
 Unified Team		 Javier García
 Spain
1996 Atlanta
 Jean Galfione
 France		 Igor Trandenkov
 Russia		 Andrei Tivontchik
 Germany
2000 Sydney
 Nick Hysong
 United States		 Lawrence Johnson
 United States		 Maksim Tarasov
 Russia
2004 Athens
 Timothy Mack
 United States		 Toby Stevenson
 United States		 Giuseppe Gibilisco
 Italy
2008 Beijing
 Steve Hooker
 Australia		 Yevgeny Lukyanenko
 Russia		 Derek Miles
 United States
2012 London
 Renaud Lavillenie
 France		 Björn Otto
 Germany		 Raphael Holzdeppe
 Germany
2016 Rio de Janeiro
 Thiago Braz
 Brazil		 Renaud Lavillenie
 France		 Sam Kendricks
 United States
2020 Tokyo
 Armand Duplantis
 Sweden		 Chris Nilsen
 United States		 Thiago Braz
 Brazil

Women
Games Gold Silver Bronze
2000 Sydney
 Stacy Dragila
 United States		 Tatiana Grigorieva
 Australia		 Vala Flosadóttir
 Iceland
2004 Athens
 Yelena Isinbayeva
 Russia		 Svetlana Feofanova
 Russia		 Anna Rogowska
 Poland
2008 Beijing
 Yelena Isinbayeva
 Russia		 Jennifer Stuczynski
 United States		 Svetlana Feofanova
 Russia
2012 London
 Jennifer Suhr
 United States		 Yarisley Silva
 Cuba		 Yelena Isinbayeva
 Russia
2016 Rio de Janeiro
 Katerina Stefanidi
 Greece		 Sandi Morris
 United States		 Eliza McCartney
 New Zealand
2020 Tokyo
 Katie Nageotte
 United States		 Anzhelika Sidorova
 ROC		 Holly Bradshaw
 Great Britain

World Championships medalists

Men
Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
  Sergey Bubka (URS)  Konstantin Volkov (URS)  Atanas Tarev (BUL)
1987 Rome
  Sergey Bubka (URS)  Thierry Vigneron (FRA)  Radion Gataullin (URS)
1991 Tokyo
  Sergey Bubka (URS)  István Bagyula (HUN)  Maksim Tarasov (URS)
1993 Stuttgart
  Sergey Bubka (UKR)  Grigoriy Yegorov (KAZ)  Maksim Tarasov (RUS)
 Igor Trandenkov (RUS)
1995 Gothenburg
  Sergey Bubka (UKR)  Maksim Tarasov (RUS)  Jean Galfione (FRA)
1997 Athens
  Sergey Bubka (UKR)  Maksim Tarasov (RUS)  Dean Starkey (USA)
1999 Seville
  Maksim Tarasov (RUS)  Dmitri Markov (AUS)  Aleksandr Averbukh (ISR)
2001 Edmonton
  Dmitri Markov (AUS)  Aleksandr Averbukh (ISR)  Nick Hysong (USA)
2003 Saint-Denis
  Giuseppe Gibilisco (ITA)  Okkert Brits (RSA)  Patrik Kristiansson (SWE)
2005 Helsinki
  Rens Blom (NED)  Brad Walker (USA)  Pavel Gerasimov (RUS)
2007 Osaka
  Brad Walker (USA)  Romain Mesnil (FRA)  Danny Ecker (GER)
2009 Berlin
  Steve Hooker (AUS)  Romain Mesnil (FRA)  Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)
2011 Daegu
  Paweł Wojciechowski (POL)  Lázaro Borges (CUB)  Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)
2013 Moscow
  Raphael Holzdeppe (GER)  Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)  Björn Otto (GER)
2015 Beijing
  Shawnacy Barber (CAN)  Raphael Holzdeppe (GER)  Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)
 Pawel Wojciechowski (POL)
 Piotr Lisek (POL)
2017 London
  Sam Kendricks (USA)  Piotr Lisek (POL)  Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)
2019 Doha
  Sam Kendricks (USA)  Armand Duplantis (SWE)  Piotr Lisek (POL)
2022 Eugene
  Armand Duplantis (SWE)  Christopher Nilsen (USA)  Ernest John Obiena (PHL)

Women
Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1999 Seville
  Stacy Dragila (USA)  Anzhela Balakhonova (UKR)  Tatiana Grigorieva (AUS)
2001 Edmonton
  Stacy Dragila (USA)  Svetlana Feofanova (RUS)  Monika Pyrek (POL)
2003 Saint-Denis
  Svetlana Feofanova (RUS)  Annika Becker (GER)  Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)
2005 Helsinki
  Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)  Monika Pyrek (POL)  Pavla Hamáčková (CZE)
2007 Osaka
  Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)  Kateřina Baďurová (CZE)  Svetlana Feofanova (RUS)
2009 Berlin
  Anna Rogowska (POL)  Chelsea Johnson (USA)
 Monika Pyrek (POL)		 none awarded
2011 Daegu
  Fabiana Murer (BRA)  Martina Strutz (GER)  Svetlana Feofanova (RUS)
2013 Moscow
  Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)  Jenn Suhr (USA)  Yarisley Silva (CUB)
2015 Beijing
  Yarisley Silva (CUB)  Fabiana Murer (BRA)  Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou (GRE)
2017 London
  Ekaterini Stefanidi (GRE)  Sandi Morris (USA)  Robeilys Peinado (VEN)
 Yarisley Silva (CUB)
2019 Doha
  Anzhelika Sidorova (ANA)  Sandi Morris (USA)  Katerina Stefanidi (GRE)
2022 Eugene
  Katie Nageotte (USA)  Sandi Morris (USA)  Nina Kennedy (AUS)

World Indoor Championships medalists

Men
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1985 Paris[A]
  Sergey Bubka (URS)  Thierry Vigneron (FRA)  Vasiliy Bubka (URS)
1987 Indianapolis
  Sergey Bubka (URS)  Earl Bell (USA)  Thierry Vigneron (FRA)
1989 Budapest
  Radion Gataullin (URS)  Grigoriy Yegorov (URS)  Joe Dial (USA)
1991 Seville
  Sergey Bubka (URS)  Viktor Ryzhenkov (URS)  Ferenc Salbert (FRA)
1993 Toronto
  Radion Gataullin (RUS)  Grigoriy Yegorov (KAZ)  Jean Galfione (FRA)
1995 Barcelona
  Sergey Bubka (UKR)  Igor Potapovich (KAZ)  Okkert Brits (RSA)
 Andrei Tivontchik (GER)
1997 Paris
  Igor Potapovich (KAZ)  Lawrence Johnson (USA)  Maksim Tarasov (RUS)
1999 Maebashi
  Jean Galfione (FRA)  Jeff Hartwig (USA)  Danny Ecker (GER)
2001 Lisbon
  Lawrence Johnson (USA)  Tye Harvey (USA)  Romain Mesnil (FRA)
2003 Birmingham
  Tim Lobinger (GER)  Michael Stolle (GER)  Rens Blom (NED)
2004 Budapest
  Igor Pavlov (RUS)  Adam Ptáček (CZE)  Denys Yurchenko (UKR)
2006 Moscow
  Brad Walker (USA)  Alhaji Jeng (SWE)  Tim Lobinger (GER)
2008 Valencia
  Yevgeny Lukyanenko (RUS)  Brad Walker (USA)  Steve Hooker (AUS)
2010 Doha
  Steve Hooker (AUS)  Malte Mohr (GER)  Alexander Straub (GER)
2012 Istanbul
  Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)  Björn Otto (GER)  Brad Walker (USA)
2014 Sopot
  Konstadinos Filippidis (GRE)  Malte Mohr (GER)  Jan Kudlička (CZE)
2016 Portland
  Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)  Sam Kendricks (USA)  Piotr Lisek (POL)
2018 Birmingham
  Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)  Sam Kendricks (USA)  Piotr Lisek (POL)
2022 Belgrade
  Armand Duplantis (SWE)  Thiago Braz (BRA)  Chris Nilsen (USA)
  • A Known as the World Indoor Games

Women
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1997 Paris
  Stacy Dragila (USA)  Emma George (AUS)  Cai Weiyan (CHN)
1999 Maebashi
  Nastja Ryshich (GER)  Vala Flosadóttir (ISL)  Nicole Humbert (GER)
 Zsuzsanna Szabó-Olgyai (HUN)
2001 Lisbon
  Pavla Hamáčková (CZE)  Svetlana Feofanova (RUS)
 Kellie Suttle (USA)		 none awarded
2003 Birmingham
  Svetlana Feofanova (RUS)  Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)  Monika Pyrek (POL)
2004 Budapest
  Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)  Stacy Dragila (USA)  Svetlana Feofanova (RUS)
2006 Moscow
  Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)  Anna Rogowska (POL)  Svetlana Feofanova (RUS)
2008 Valencia
  Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)  Jennifer Stuczynski (USA)  Fabiana Murer (BRA)
 Monika Pyrek (POL)
2010 Doha
  Fabiana Murer (BRA)  Svetlana Feofanova (RUS)  Anna Rogowska (POL)
2012 Istanbul
  Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)  Vanessa Boslak (FRA)  Holly Bleasdale (GBR)
2014 Sopot
  Yarisley Silva (CUB)  Anzhelika Sidorova (RUS)
 Jiřina Svobodová (CZE)		 none awarded
2016 Portland
  Jennifer Suhr (USA)  Sandi Morris (USA)  Katerina Stefanidi (GRE)
2018 Birmingham
  Sandi Morris (USA)  Anzhelika Sidorova (ANA)  Katerina Stefanidi (GRE)
2022 Belgrade
  Sandi Morris (USA)  Katie Nageotte (USA)  Tina Šutej (SLO)

Season's bests

See also
  •  Sport of athletics portal

Notes and references
  1. Rosenbaum, Mike. Yelena Isinbayeva: Pole Vault Record-Breaker. About Track and Field. Retrieved on 25 January 2014.
  2. Rudman, Steve (31 May 2013). Huskies vault legend Brian Sternberg (1943–13). Sports Press NW. Retrieved on 25 January 2014.
  3. "Info". Polsstokverspringen/ Fierljeppen Holland. 5 September 2012. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  4. Jan., Johnson (2007). Illustrated history of the pole vault. VerSteeg, Russ., Kring, Ray. Norwich, CT: [publisher not identified]. p. 19. ISBN 9780979174605. OCLC 191809409.
  5. Turnbull, Simon (13 June 2009). Kate Dennison: 'It helps being a little bit crazy'. The Independent. Retrieved on 15 June 2009.
  6. Leutzinger, Dick (23 May 1963). "Fiber glass brings better – but sloppier – vaults". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). p. 3D.
  7. "Man who broke 15 feet defends fiberglass pole". Ocala Star-Banner. (Florida). Associated Press. 7 February 1962. p. 10.
  8. "12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. p. 546. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2009.
  9. McCormick, Matthew. "Soaring to New Heights: The Evolution of Pole Vaulting and Pole Materials" Archived 26 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Illumin. Retrieved on 25 January 2014.
  10. McGinnis, Peter (December 2015). "Mechanics of the pole vault" (PDF). usatf.org.
  11. "How to Do the Pole Vault in Track and Field". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
  12. Pole Vault – men – senior – outdoor. World Athletics. Retrieved on 25 July 2021.
  13. Pole Vault – women – senior – outdoor. World Athletics. Retrieved on 9 July 2021.
  14. Pole Vault – men – senior – indoor. World Athletics. Retrieved on 9 July 2021.
  15. Pole Vault – women – senior – indoor. World Athletics. Retrieved on 9 July 2021.
  16. Simon Turnbull (30 June 2022). "Duplantis scales 6.16m in Stockholm for highest ever outdoor vault". World Athletics. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  17. Chris Broadbent (6 August 2022). "Fraser-Pryce flies to world-leading 10.66 in Silesia". World Athletics. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  18. Jess Whittington (26 August 2022). "Ingebrigtsen, Rojas and Lyles light up Lausanne". World Athletics. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  19. Jess Whittington; Jon Mulkeen (8 September 2022). "Duplantis and Rojas retain Diamond League titles with dominant performances in Zurich". World Athletics. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  20. Roy Jordan (28 July 2019). "Kendricks tops 6.06m in Des Moines". IAAF. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  21. "Pole Vault Result" (PDF). sportresult.com. 9 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  22. "Men's Pole Vault Final Results" (PDF). European Athletics. 20 August 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  23. "Pole Vault Result" (PDF). sportresult.com. 3 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  24. "Men's Pole Vault Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 15 August 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
  25. Mike Rowbottom (12 July 2019). "Lisek improves to 6.02m in Monaco – IAAF Diamond League". IAAF. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  26. "Men's Pole Vault Results" (PDF). European Athletics. 12 August 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  27. Michael McCleary. "Watch Coyotes alum Chris Nilsen eclipse 6 meters competing at University of South Dakota". argusleader.com. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  28. "Pole Vault Result" (PDF). sportresult.com. 9 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  29. "Pole Vault Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 9 September 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  30. "Pole Vault Results" (PDF). IAAF. 29 September 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  31. Jon Mulkeen (18 July 2018). "McCartney vaults world-leading 4.94m in Jockgrim". IAAF. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
  32. "Pole Vault Results" (PDF). IAAF. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  33. Eduardo Biscayart (3 July 2016). "Murer soars over South American record of 4.87m at Brazilian Championships". IAAF. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
  34. "Pole Vault Final Results" (PDF). European Athletics. 17 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  35. "Pole Vault Results". IAAF. 4 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  36. "Meijer clears a Swedish record of 4.83m in Norrkoping". European Athletics. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  37. Mike Rowbottom (24 August 2019). "Claye sails beyond 18 metres in Paris – IAAF Diamond League". IAAF. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  38. Len Johnson (13 March 2021). "Stevens returns, Kennedy breaks Australian pole vault record in Sydney". World Athletics. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  39. "Alana Boyd breaks Australian pole vault record to surge into Rio medal running". The Sydney Morning Herald. 29 January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  40. "Pole Vault Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  41. "Duplantis sets world pole vault record of 6.19m in Belgrade". World Athletics. 7 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  42. "Sergey Bubka's pole vault record broken by Renaud Lavillenie". BBC Sport. 16 February 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
  43. Jess Whittington; Jon Mulkeen (19 February 2022). "Hodgkinson and Duplantis smash stadium records in Birmingham". World Athletics. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  44. "2022 Perche Elite Tour Results". World Athletics. 5 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  45. "Nilsen and Sutej soar as records fall in Rouen". World Athletics. 6 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  46. "Duplantis vaults world-leading 6.04m in Uppsala". World Athletics. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  47. "KC Lightfoot Soars 6.00m to Smash his own NCAA Pole Vault Record". watchathletics.com. 14 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  48. "Pole Vault Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  49. "Jenn Suhr Sets Indoor Pole Vault World Record". flotrack.org. 30 January 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  50. Bob Ramsak (1 March 2020). "Indoor round-up: Thiam breaks Belgian indoor long jump record, Stark clocks world U20 indoor 60m hurdles record". World Athletics. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  51. "Stefanidi and Payne clear 4.90m at Millrose Games – indoor round-up". IAAF. 21 February 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  52. "Pole Vault Results". IAAF. 28 August 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  53. Jon Mulkeen; Bob Ramsak (25 February 2019). "Indoor round-up: Brazier clocks 600m world best in New York, Lisek and Kendricks clear 5.93m world lead in Clermont Ferrand". IAAF. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  54. "2022 All Star Perche by Quartus Results". World Athletics. 19 February 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  55. Jon Mulkeen (17 February 2022). "Ingebrigtsen breaks world indoor 1500m record in Lievin". World Athletics. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  56. "2022 Perche Elite Tour Results". World Athletics. 5 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  57. "Nilsen and Sutej soar as records fall in Rouen". World Athletics. 6 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  58. "Pole Vault Results". World Athletics. 19 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  59. "American Track League #3 Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 7 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  60. US unit calculator for unofficial mark conversions in athletic events, hosted by USATF.org
  61. "Track and Field Statistics". trackfield.brinkster.net. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  62. Note: Earle Meadows cleared the same height minutes later in the same competition
  63. Note: George cleared 4.28 m (14 ft 1⁄2 in)
  64. Note: George cleared 4.58 m (15 ft 1⁄4 in)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pole vault.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.