San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago
San Fernando, officially the City of San Fernando, is the most populous city and second most populous municipality in Trinidad and Tobago, after Chaguanas. Sando, as it is also known, occupies 19 km² and is located in the southwestern part of the island of Trinidad. It is bounded to the north by the Guaracara River, the south by the Oropouche River, the east by the Sir Solomon Hochoy Highway, and the west by the Gulf of Paria. The former borough was elevated to the status of a city corporation on 18 November 1988. The motto of San Fernando is: "Sanitas Fortis" - In a Healthy Environment We Will Find Strength. Many local Trinidadians refer to the city with the shortened name "Sando." San Fernando is called Trinidad and Tobago's "industrial capital" because of its proximity to the Pointe-à-Pierre oil refinery and many other petrochemical, LNG, iron and steel and aluminium smelters in places such as Point Lisas in Couva, Point Fortin, and La Brea.
San Fernando
| |
|---|---|
| City of San Fernando | |
.jpg.webp) Independence Avenue in Downtown San Fernando | |
| Nickname(s): | |
| Motto(s): Sanitas Fortis In a Healthy Environment We Will Find Strength. | |
  San Fernando Location on the island of Trinidad  San Fernando San Fernando (Caribbean)  San Fernando San Fernando (North America) | |
| Coordinates: 10°17′N 61°28′W | |
| Country | Trinidad and Tobago |
| Jurisdiction | City of San Fernando |
| Settled | 1595 |
| Borough | 19 August 1853 |
| City | 18 November 1988 |
| Named for | Saint Ferdinand III of Castile |
| Government | |
| • Body | San Fernando City Corporation |
| • Mayor | Junia Regrello, PNM |
| • Deputy Mayor | Ferri Hosein, PNM |
| City Corporation seats | 9 electoral districts |
| House seats | 2/41 |
| Area | |
| • City | 19 km2 (7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1 m (3 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • City | 48,838 |
| • Rank | 2nd |
| • Density | 2,570/km2 (6,700/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 82,997 |
| Demonym | San Fernandian |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
| Postal Code | 60xxxx, 61xxxx, 65xxxx[7] |
| Area code | (868) |
| ISO 3166 code | TT-SFO |
| Telephone Exchanges | 652, 653, 657, 658, 697, 831 |
Geography
San Fernando is a coastal city. It is bounded by the Guaracara River to the north, the Sir Solomon Hochoy Highway to the east, the Southern Main Road to the southeast, and the Oropouche River to the south. The city proper is located on the flanks of two hills - San Fernando Hill (formerly known as Naparima Hill) and Alexander Hill. Several mansions on the pinnacle of Alexander Hill house belong to some of the more prominent San Fernandian families. The Cipero, Vistabella, Marabella and Godineau Rivers all enter the sea within the city limits.
Climate
San Fernando has a tropical monsoon climate with a wet season lasting from May to January and a dry season lasting from February to April.[8]
| Climate data for San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 29.3 (84.7) |
29.7 (85.5) |
30.3 (86.5) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.6 (87.1) |
31.1 (88.0) |
30.9 (87.6) |
30.6 (87.1) |
29.8 (85.6) |
30.4 (86.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.0 (77.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 20.7 (69.3) |
20.4 (68.7) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.8 (73.0) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.8 (71.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 77 (3.0) |
42 (1.7) |
43 (1.7) |
56 (2.2) |
84 (3.3) |
193 (7.6) |
214 (8.4) |
235 (9.3) |
182 (7.2) |
157 (6.2) |
184 (7.2) |
132 (5.2) |
1,599 (63) |
| Source: Climate-data.org[9] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 33,395 | — |
| 1990 | 26,483 | −20.7% |
| 2000 | 48,784 | +84.2% |
| 2011 | 48,838 | +0.1% |
Ancestry
| Racial composition | 2011[10] |
|---|---|
| African (Afro-Trinidadian/Tobagonian) | 35.7% |
| South Asian (Indo-Trinidadian) | 30.3% |
| Multiracial | 17.3% |
| Dougla (South Asian and Black) | 8.2% |
| European (White Trinidadian) | 0.5% |
| East Asian (Chinese) | 0.6% |
| Native American (Amerindian) | 0.08% |
| Arab (Syrian/Lebanese) | 0.9% |
| Other | 0.02% |
| Not stated | 6.7% |
Infrastructure
Health
The San Fernando General Hospital is located on Independence Avenue, close to the city center. It is considered the main trauma unit for the southern part of the island, and is administered by the Southwest Regional Health Authority (SWRHA).
There are numerous health centres in towns and villages around San Fernando that are considered to be part of the urban area. There are also a number of private medical institutions, such as:
- Southern Medical Clinic
- Surgi-Med Clinic
- Gulf View Medical Center
The San Fernando Teaching Hospital is connected to the San Fernando General Hospital by a skybridge, and is the main teaching hospital.
Road
San Fernando is dominated by private car commuting and has a very dense network of roadways. There are numerous points of entry into the city.
- The Reinzi Kirton Highway runs from Cipero Street to Ruth Avenue, where it becomes Independence Avenue.
- The San Fernando Bypass runs along the outskirts of the city, providing access to many of the suburban areas.
- The Golconda Connector Road connects the Sir Solomon Hochoy Highway to Cipero Street & the San Fernando Bypass. The Tarouba Link Road also connects the Sir Solomon Hochoy Highway to the San Fernando Bypass at the northern end of the city.
- Alternatively, traffic can exit at Corinth and enter the city via the Naparima Mayaro Road and Royal Road, or via Pleasantville.
- Lady Hailes Avenue runs from Cipero Street to Kings Wharf along the city's waterfront, connecting to the Reinzi Kirton Highway/Independence Avenue at only 3 points. It serves as a quicker point of entry to the city center as it terminates just outside the city center. There are plans to widen Lady Hailes avenue into a four lane dual carriageway, much of which has already been completed, as part of the waterfront revitalization project.[11]
The city is often plagued by heavy traffic delays.
Public Transport
The San Fernando Bus Terminal is located to the North of Kings Wharf. There are numerous taxi stands around High Street. The water taxi service links San Fernando to Port of Spain via sea in approximately 1 hour.
Air
Like the rest of the island, the city is served by Piarco International Airport, approximately 1 hour drive away from the city center.
Prominent San Fernandians
- Stephen Ames, PGA Tour golfer
- Eugene Chen (Chen Youren) (1878–1944) Foreign Minister of China.
- Hasely Crawford, Olympic gold medalist (1976)
- Annie Dookhan, convicted felon and former chemist
- Hedy Fry, PC, MP (born 6 August 1941) is a Trinidadian-born Canadian politician and physician.
- Noor Hassanali, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987–97)
- Rikki Jai, chutney and chutney soca artist
- Christina F. Lewis (1919-1974) Pan-African community worker, trade unionist and women's rights activist
- Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1991–95, 2002–2010)
- Sir Trevor McDonald, news reporter
- Mishael Morgan, TV actress
- Manny Ramjohn, long-distance runner; first person to win a gold medal for Trinidad and Tobago at a major athletics event.
- Jean Ramjohn-Richards, First Lady of Trinidad and Tobago (2003–2013)
- George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2003–2013)
- Adrian Cola Rienzi (Krishna Deonarine)
- Samuel Selvon, writer (1923-1994)
- Jlloyd Samuel, footballer
- Jerome Tang, head men's basketball coach at Kansas State University
- Sullivan Walker, film and television actor[12]
References
- "Anaparima calling". 25 August 2018.
- https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid0tRxoRtWSR6VabZ1NH9Y3e13x5MMhLLy2kUXn7dikfo9pE7RBLjwW2wH7XTLwrYJKl&id=134089393289492
- Clarke, C. (24 May 2010). Post-Colonial Trinidad: An Ethnographic Journal. ISBN 9780230106857.
- https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid0tRxoRtWSR6VabZ1NH9Y3e13x5MMhLLy2kUXn7dikfo9pE7RBLjwW2wH7XTLwrYJKl&id=134089393289492
- https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid0tRxoRtWSR6VabZ1NH9Y3e13x5MMhLLy2kUXn7dikfo9pE7RBLjwW2wH7XTLwrYJKl&id=134089393289492
- "Elevation of San Fernando,Trinidad and Tobago Elevation Map, Topo, Contour". floodmap.net. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
- "List of Postal Districts". TTPOST. 29 July 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
- "Trinidad and Tobago (Climate Data > Historical)". The World Bank Group. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
- "San Fernando climate". Climate-data.org. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
- Central Statistical Office. "NON-INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP, ETHNIC GROUP AND MUNICIPALITY" (PDF).
- "Consultations coming for San Fernando Waterfront Project | Loop Trinidad & Tobago". Loop News. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
- Felmine, Kevon (2012-03-03). "San Fernando farewell to actor Sullivan Walker". Trinidad Guardian. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
External links
San Fernando travel guide from Wikivoyage
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