Sighișoara

A street in Sighișoara

During the 12th century, German craftsmen and merchants known as the Transylvanian Saxons were invited to Transylvania by the King of Hungary to settle and defend the frontier of his realm. The chronicler Krauss lists a Saxon settlement in present-day Sighișoara by 1191. A document of 1280 records a town built on the site of a Roman fort as Castrum Sex or "six-sided camp", referring to the fort's shape of an irregular hexagon.[3] Other names recorded include Schaäsburg (1282), Schespurg (1298) and Segusvar (1300).[4] By 1337 Sighișoara had become a royal center for the kings, who awarded the settlement urban status in 1367 as the Civitas de Segusvar.

The city played an important strategic and commercial role at the edges of Central Europe for several centuries. Sighișoara became one of the most important cities of Transylvania, with artisans from throughout the Holy Roman Empire visiting the settlement. The German artisans and craftsmen dominated the urban economy, as well as building the fortifications protecting it. It is estimated that during the 16th and 17th centuries Sighișoara had as many as 15 guilds and 20 handicraft branches. The Baroque sculptor Elias Nicolai lived in the city. The Wallachian voivode Vlad Dracul (father of Vlad the Impaler (Dracula)), who lived in exile in the town, had coins minted in the city (otherwise coinage was the monopoly of the Hungarian kings in the Kingdom of Hungary) and issued the first document listing the city's Romanian name, Sighișoara. The Romanian name is first attested in 1435, and derives from the Hungarian Segesvár, where vár is "fort".[3][4]

Hermann Oberth Square during the 20th century

The city was the setting for George I Rákóczi's election as Prince of Transylvania and King of Hungary in 1631. Sighișoara suffered military occupation, fires, and plagues during the 17th and 18th centuries. An important source for the history of 17th-century Transylvania, for the period of 1606–1666, are the records of Georg Kraus, the town's notary.[5]

The nearby plain of Albești was the site of the Battle of Segesvár, where the revolutionary Hungarian army led by Józef Bem was defeated by the Russian army led by Luders on 31 July 1849. A monument was constructed in 1852 to the Russian general Skariatin, who died in the battle. The Hungarian poet Sándor Petőfi is generally believed to have been killed in the battle, and a monument was constructed in his honor at Albești in 1897. After World War I Sighișoara passed with Transylvania from Austria-Hungary to the Kingdom of Romania.

Central Sighișoara has preserved in an exemplary way the features of a small medieval fortified city. It has been listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Each year, a Medieval Festival takes place in the old citadel in July.

View from Villa Franka

In Eastern Europe, Sighișoara is one of the few fortified towns that are still inhabited. The town is made up of two parts. The medieval stronghold was built on top of a hill and is known as the Citadel (Cetatea). The lower town lies in the valley of Târnava Mare river.

The houses inside Sighișoara Citadel show the main features of a craftsmen's town. However, there are some houses that belonged to the former patriciate, like the Venetian House and the House with Antlers.

Between 2001 and 2003 the construction of a Dracula theme park in the Braite nature preserve near Sighișoara was considered but ultimately rejected, owing to the strong opposition of local civil society groups and national and international media as well as politically influential persons, as the theme park would have detracted from the medieval style of the city and would have destroyed the nature preserve.

Ethnic groups in 2011:[6]

• Romanians (75%)
• Hungarians (17.6%)
• Roma (5.3%)
• Germans (1.5%)

Sighișoara is a popular tourist destination for its well-preserved walled old town, which is also listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The main Citadel's attractions are certainly the towers.

Civil architecture

Most of the 164 houses in the city having at least 300 years old, are considered historical monuments : the City Square, with its rectangular plan, was once inhabited by noble families of the city, though it has undergone to many transformations over time. The best houses are the ones that have kept their original shape.

Strada 1 Decembrie 1918 during the 20th century

• House on the Rock (Casa de pe stâncă)
• House with shingles (Evert) – is dedicated to craftsmen for Educational Interethnic Centre for Youth.
• Venetian House or Green House (Casa Venețiană)
• Vlad Dracul's House
• Sighișoara City Hall
• Sighișoara hotel complex – built between 1886 and 1889 was the seat of city hall.
• Indoor wooden staircase or the Scholar's Stairs
• School on the Hill
• The Stag House (Casa cu Cerb)
• The Citadel Square (Piața Cetăți)
• Casa Asociatiei Mestesugaresti (La Perla)
• Joseph B. Teusch Building (Hotel Central Park)

Sighișoara in the Grand Duchy of Transylvania maps, 1769–1773. Josephinische Landesaufnahme

• Johann Michael Ackner, Transylvanian Saxon archaeologist
• Doina Cojocaru, handball player
• Friedrich Grünanger, architect
• Ralph Gunesch, German football player as of 2006
• Adrian Ivanițchi, folk guitarist
• Johannes Kelpius, a German intellectual, musician, and mystic who founded a religious community when he immigrated to the American colony of Pennsylvania in the late seventeenth century
• Gabriel Mureșan, footballer
• Marie Stritt, German feminist and suffragist
• Georg Daniel Teutsch, Lutheran bishop
• Vlad III the Impaler, prince of Wallachia, inspiration for fictional vampire Count Dracula
• Radu Voina, former handball player, currently coach

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  Transilvania Bank
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  Mircea Eliade National College
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  Sighișoara medieval festival
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  Citadel square
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  Sighișoara town hall
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  Tailors tower by night
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  Joseph Haltrich gymnasium
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  Central Sighișoara in the winter
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  19th century reenacted drawing of Sighișoara
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  Sighișoara clock tower by night

• List of Hungarian exonyms (Mureș County)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sighișoara.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Sighișoara.

• 360° Panoramic Images of Sighișoara - Part 1 and Part 2
• The City of Sighișoara – official website
• TOP 10 Guides: Best of Sighișoara
• Lets Go To Romania
• Sighișoara 360 Virtual Tour & Medieval Festival photo gallery
• Sighișoara Pictures
• Sighișoara, Romania: The Purported Home Of Dracula – slideshow by The Huffington Post
• Images from Sighișoara by Canadian Photographer Carey Nash
• (2012) HDR Photos of Sighișoara by Moldavian Photographer Dumitru Brinzan
• Tourist informations, photo gallery and webcam from Sighisoara