Carpinus betulus

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Fagales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fagales

Familia: Betulaceae
Subfamilia: Coryloideae
Genus: Carpinus
Species: Carpinus betulus

Name

Carpinus betulus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1753.

Synonyms

  • Homotypic
    • Carpinus betulus var. typica Koehne, Deut. Dendrol.: 116. 1893, nom. inval.
    • Carpinus nervata Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyr.: 141. 1867, nom. superfl.
    • Carpinus sepium Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 212. 1779, nom. superfl.
    • Carpinus ulmifolia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 392. 1796, nom. superfl.
    • Carpinus ulmoides Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 245. 1821, nom. superfl.
  • Heterotypic
    • Carpinus betulus f. albovariegata C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 140. 1940.
    • Carpinus betulus f. aureovariegata C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 140. 1940.
    • Carpinus betulus f. columnaris (Beissn.) Späth ex Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubh.-Ben.: 48. 1903.
    • Carpinus betulus f. cucullata H.J.P.Winkl. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 61: 31. 1904.
    • Carpinus betulus f. fastigiata (G.Nicholson) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubh.-Ben.: 48. 1903.
    • Carpinus betulus f. horizontalis Simon-Louis, Preisverw., Herbst 1902–1903. 1902.
    • Carpinus betulus f. incisa Aiton, Hort. Kew., 3: 362. 1789, as "β".
    • Carpinus betulus f. obtusifolia Petz. & G.Kirchn., Arbor. Muscav.: 667. 1864.
    • Carpinus betulus f. pendula (Massé) H.J.P.Winkl. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 61: 31. 1904.
    • Carpinus betulus f. purpurea K.Koch, Dendrologie 2(3): 3. 1873.
    • Carpinus betulus f. pyramidalis Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 140. 1891.
    • Carpinus betulus f. quercifolia (A.DC.) C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 140. 1904.
    • Carpinus betulus f. variegata Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 140. 1891.
    • Carpinus betulus subsp. carpinizza (Kil.) O.Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges., 1: 96. 1949.
    • Carpinus betulus subsp. serrata (Beck) O.Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 96. 1949.
    • Carpinus betulus var. carpinizza (Kil.) Neilr., Nachtr. Maly Enum.: 76. 1861.
    • Carpinus betulus var. carpinizza f. incisa (Aiton) C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubh., 1: 140, fig. 76d. 1904.
    • Carpinus betulus var. columnaris Beissn., Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1899: 133. 1899.
    • Carpinus betulus var. fastigiata G.Nicholson, Garden, 24: 419. 1883.
    • Carpinus betulus var. incisa Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 362. 1789.
    • Carpinus betulus var. obtusifolia G.Kirchn. in E.A.Petzold & G.Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav.: 667. 1864.
    • Carpinus betulus var. pendula (Massé) G.Kirchn. in E.A.Petzold & G.Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav.: 667. 1864.
    • Carpinus betulus var. provincialis Gay ex Gren. & Godr., Fl. France 3: 121. 1855.
    • Carpinus betulus var. pyramidalis Möhl, Gartenfl., 39: 51. 1890.
    • Carpinus betulus var. quercifolia A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 126. 1864.
    • Carpinus betulus var. serrata Beck, Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 266. 1890.
    • Carpinus carpinizza Kil. in N.T.Host, Fl. Austr. 2: 626. 1831.
    • Carpinus caucasica Grossh., Izv. Azerbajdzansk. Fil., 1940(5) : 34. 1940.
    • Carpinus compressus Gilib., Exerc. Phyt. 2: 399. 1792, opus utiq. oppr.
    • Carpinus incisa (Aiton) Borkh., 1803.
    • Carpinus intermedia Wierzb. ex Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 12: 4. t. 633. 1850.
    • Carpinus pendula Massé, Rev. Hort. (Paris) 1853: 271. 1853.
    • Carpinus quercifolia Desf. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (Steudel), ed. 2. 1: 300. 1840.
    • Carpinus quercifolia Colla, Herb. Pedem. 5: 176. 1836, pro syn., nom. inval., nom. superfl.
    • Carpinus vulgaris Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8 : n° 1. 1768.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Europe
    • Regional: Northern Europe
      • Denmark, Great Britain, Sweden.
    • Regional: Middle Europe
      • Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
    • Regional: Southwestern Europe
      • France, Spain.
    • Regional: Southeastern Europe
      • Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
    • Regional: Eastern Europe
      • Belarus, Baltic States, Central European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine.
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate
    • Regional: Caucasus
      • North Caucasus, Transcaucasus
    • Regional: Western Asia
      • Iran, Turkey.
  • Continental: Northern America
    • Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
      • New York (introduced).

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Vernacular names

беларуская: Граб звычайны
български: Обикновен габър
čeština: Habr obecný
dansk: Almindelig Avnbøg
Deutsch: Hainbuche
English: European Hornbeam
Esperanto: Eŭropa karpeno
español: Carpe blanco
eesti: Harilik valgepöök
suomi: Euroopanvalkopyökki
français: Charme commun
hrvatski: Obični grab
hornjoserbsce: Wšědny hrab
magyar: Közönséges gyertyán
italiano: Carpino bianco
Lëtzebuergesch: Hobich
lietuvių: Paprastasis skroblas
македонски: Обичен габер
Nederlands: Haagbeuk
norsk nynorsk: Agnbøk
norsk: Agnbøk
polski: Grab pospolity
română: Carpen
русский: Граб обыкновенный
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Obični grab
shqip: Shkoza e bardhë
svenska: Avenbok
Türkçe: Adi gürgen
українська: Граб звичайний
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