Taxonavigation

Familia: Parmeliaceae
Subfamilia: Parmelioideae
Genus: Letharia
Species: Letharia vulpina

Name

Letharia vulpina (L.) Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Ser. 4, 1(1): 57 (1899). [MycoBank #393671] (nom. cons.)

Substrate and ecology (Sonoran region): On bark or wood, usually the trunks or branches of living or dead conifers or man-made wooden structures, rarely on acidic rock.

References

• Acharius, E. 1803. Methodus qua omnes detectos Lichenes secundum organa carpomorpha ad Genera, Species et Varietates redigere atque observationibus illustrare tentavit Erik Acharius., Sect. 1: 1–52, i–lv, 1–152, Sect. 2: 153–393, pl. 1–8. BHL Reference page. 

• Acharius, E. 1810. Lichenographia Universalis. In qua Lichenes omnes detectos, adiectis observationibus et figuris horum vegetabilium naturam et organorum carpomorphorum structuram illustrantibus, ad genera, species, varietates differentiis et observationibus sollicite definitas.: 1–696, pl. 1–14. BHL Reference page. 

• De Candolle, A.P. 1805. Des Lichens. In Lamarck, J.-B. & De Candolle, A.P., Flore française, ou descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France, Disposées selon une nouvelle Méthode d'Analyse, et précédées par un Exposé des Principes élémentaires de la Botanique., ed. 3, 2: 321–414. Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 

• Elenkin, A.A. 1916. Note sur un lichen rare Rhytidocaulon arboricola (Jatta) Elenk., suivie d'apercu critique des espèces de ce genre. Bulletin du Jardin Impérial Botanique de Pierre le Grand [Izviestiia Imperatorskago Botanicheskago Sada Petra Velikago] 16(2): 251–271. Reference page. 

• Hoffmann, G.F. 1796 ['1795']. Deutschlands Flora oder Botanisches Taschenbuch. Zweiter Theil für das Jahr 1795. Cryptogamie.: 1–200. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.126793 BHL Reference page. 

• Hue, A.-M. 1899. Lichenes Extra-Europaei a pluribus collectoribus ad Museum Parisiense missi. [2]. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Ser. 4, 1(1): 27–136, 1(2): 137–220. BHL BHL Reference page. 

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus II. Pp. 561–1200, [1–30, index], [1, err.]. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page. 

• Mudd, W.A. 1861. A manual of British lichens, containing descriptions of all the species and varieties, and five plates, with figures of the spores of one hundred and thirty species, illustrative of the genera.: i–viii, 1–309, i–xxii, pls. I–V. BHL HathiTrust Reference page. 

• Nylander, W. 1855. Essai d'une nouvelle classification des lichens (second mémoire). Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg 3: 161–202. BHL . Reference page. 

• Brodo, I.M., Sharnoff, S.D. and Sharnoff, S. (2001) Letharia (pp. 411-413) In, Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven, 795 pages. (Description of L. vulpina and distribution map for North America: p. 412; full page color photo: page 413, plate 468)

• Goward, T. 1999. The lichens of British Columbia - Illustrated Keys - Part 2 - Fruticose Species. Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests Research Program, 319 pp. (RLL List # 176 / Rec.# 6980 - Recent Literature on Lichens) Online Reference page. : Letharia (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr. (pp. 183-184) (Description of L. vulpina: p. 184; drawing: p. 183)

• Hale, M.E. and Cole, M. (1988) Letharia (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr. (pp. 155-156) In Lichens of California. University of California Press, 254 pages. (Description of L. vulpina: pp. 155-156; color photo on cover; range map: p. 242, fig. 75a)

• McCune, B. and Geiser, L. (1997) Letharia (p. 147-148) Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, 386 pp. (Description of L. vulpina and color photo: p. 148)

• Ryan, B.D. (2002) Letharia (pp. 267-270) In: Nash III, T.H., Ryan, B.D, Gries, C. and Bungartz, F. (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 1. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 532 pages. (Description of L. vulpina: pp. 269-270; distribution map for the Sonoran region: p. 269)

Vernacular names