Taxonavigation

(Unranked): Virus
Realms: AdnaviriaDuplodnaviriaMonodnaviriaRiboviriaRibozyviriaVaridnaviria
Regna: BamfordviraeHelvetiaviraeHeunggongviraeLoebviraeOrthornaviraePararnaviraeSangerviraeShotokuviraeTrapaviraeZilligvirae
Phyla: Artverviricota Cossaviricota Cressdnaviricota Dividoviricota Duplornaviricota Hofneiviricota Kitrinoviricota Lenarviricota Negarnaviricota Nucleocytoviricota Peploviricota Phixviricota Pisuviricota Preplasmiviricota Saleviricota Uroviricota

Subphyla: Haploviricotina Polyploviricotina

Classes: Allassoviricetes Alsuviricetes Amabiliviricetes Arfiviricetes Caudoviricetes Chunqiuviricetes Duplopiviricetes Ellioviricetes Faserviricetes Flasuviricetes Insthoviricetes Herviviricetes Howeltoviricetes Huolimaviricetes Laserviricetes Magsaviricetes Malgrandaviricetes Maveriviricetes Megaviricetes Miaviricetes Milneviricetes Monjiviricetes Mouviricetes Papovaviricetes Pisoniviricetes Pokkesviricetes Quintoviricetes Repensiviricetes Revtraviricetes Stelpaviricetes Tectiliviricetes Tolucaviricetes Vidaverviricetes Yunchangviricetes

Ordines: Caudovirales Herpesvirales Ligamenvirales Nidovirales Ortervirales Picornavirales Tymovirales

Familiae: Adenoviridae Alphasatellitidae Alphatetraviridae Alvernaviridae Amalgaviridae Ampullaviridae Anelloviridae Ascoviridae Asfarviridae Astroviridae Avsunviroidae Bacilladnaviridae Baculoviridae Barnaviridae Benyviridae Bicaudaviridae Bidnaviridae Birnaviridae Bromoviridae Caliciviridae Carmotetraviridae Chrysoviridae Circoviridae Clavaviridae Closteroviridae Corticoviridae Cystoviridae Endornaviridae Flaviviridae Fuselloviridae Geminiviridae Genomoviridae Globuloviridae Guttaviridae Hepadnaviridae Hepeviridae Hypoviridae Hytrosaviridae Inoviridae Iridoviridae Lavidaviridae Leviviridae Luteoviridae Marseilleviridae Megabirnaviridae Microviridae Mimiviridae Mycodnaviridae Nanoviridae Narnaviridae Nimaviridae Nodaviridae Nudiviridae Papillomaviridae Partitiviridae Parvoviridae Permutotetraviridae Phycodnaviridae Picobirnaviridae Plasmaviridae Pleolipoviridae Polydnaviridae Polyomaviridae Portogloboviridae Pospiviroidae Potyviridae Poxviridae Quadriviridae Reoviridae Sarthroviridae Smacoviridae Solemoviridae Solinviviridae Sphaerolipoviridae Spiraviridae Tectiviridae Togaviridae Tolecusatellitidae Tombusviridae Totiviridae Tristromaviridae Turriviridae Virgaviridae

Genera: Dinodnavirus Rhizidiovirus Salterprovirus Sinaivirus


Baltimore Classification: Group I: dsDNA Group II: ssDNA Group III: dsRNA Group IV: ssRNA(+) Group V: ssRNA(-) Group VI: ssRNA(RT) Group VII: dsDNA(RT)


Subviral agents (King et al. 2011): Satellites and other virus-dependent nucleic acids Viroids Prions

Name

  • Aphanobionta Novak, 1930, Rothmaler, 1951
  • Aphanobiontidea Walton, 1930
  • Archaeophyta Barkley, 1939 non Archephyta Haeckel, 1866
  • Vira Holmes, 1939
  • Viriphyta McKinney, 1944
  • Virales Holmes, 1948
  • Archetista Jahn & Jahn, 1949
  • Vireae Barkley, 1949
  • Acellularae Traub, 1963
  • Protobiota Hsen-Hsu, 1965
  • Vira Barkley, 1970
  • Acytota Jeffrey, 1971
  • Akamara Hurst, 2000

References

  • Gibbs, A. J. 2013. Viral taxonomy needs a spring clean; its exploration era is over. Virology Journal 10:254, (PDF).
  • Collier, Leslie, Balows, Albert & Sussman, Max 1998. Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections ninth edition, Volume 1, Virology, volume editors: Mahy, Brian and Collier, Leslie. Arnold. ISBN 0340663162.
  • Dimmock, N.J., Easton, Andrew J. & Leppard, Keith 2007. Introduction to Modern Virology sixth edition, Blackwell Publishing, ISBN 1405136456.
  • Knipe, David M., Howley, Peter M., Griffin, Diane E., Lamb, Robert A., Martin, Malcolm A, Roizman, Bernard & Straus Stephen E. 2007. Fields Virology Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0781760607.
  • Shors, Teri 2008. Understanding Viruses. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 0763729329.

Vernacular names

Afrikaans: Virus
Alemannisch: Virus (pl. Vire)
العربية: فيروس
asturianu: Virus
অসমীয়া: বিষাণু
Boarisch: Viarus (pl. Viarusse, Viarn)
беларуская: Вірусы
български: Вирус
বাংলা: ভাইরাস
bosanski: Virus (pl. virusi)
català: Virus
čeština: virus (pl. viry)
Cymraeg: Feirws
dansk: Virus (pl. vira)
Deutsch: Virus (pl. Viren)
Ελληνικά: Ιός (pl. Ιοί)
English: Virus
Esperanto: Viruso
español: Virus
eesti: Viirus (pl. Viirused)
euskara: Birus
فارسی: ویروس
suomi: Virus (pl. virukset)
Nordfriisk: Wiiren
français: Virus
galego: Virus
Avañe'ẽ: Popĩami
ગુજરાતી: વિષાણુ
Hawaiʻi: Mea ho‘oma‘i
עברית: נגיפים / וירוסים
हिन्दी: विषाणु
hrvatski: Virus
magyar: Vírus
հայերեն: Հարուցիչ
interlingua: Virus
Bahasa Indonesia: Virus
íslenska: Veira
italiano: Virus
日本語: 
la .lojban.: vidru
ქართული: ვირუსი
ភាសាខ្មែរ: វិសាណូ, មេរោគ
ಕನ್ನಡ: ವೈರಾಣು
한국어: 바이러스
ລາວ: ​ໄວ​ຣັ​ສ
lietuvių: Virusas
latviešu: Vīruss
македонски: Вирус
मराठी: विषाणु
Bahasa Melayu: Virus
नेपाल भाषा: विषाणु
नेपाली: विषाणु
Nederlands: Virus
norsk nynorsk: Virus
norsk: Virus
occitan: Virús
ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଭୂତାଣୁ
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ: ਵਿਸ਼ਾਣੂ
polski: wirusy
پښتو: ويروس
português: Vírus
Runa Simi: Añaw
română: Virus
русский: Вирусы
Simple English: Virus
slovenčina: Vírus
slovenščina: Virus
српски / srpski: вирус
Sunda: Pirus
svenska: Virus
தமிழ்: தீநுண்மம்
ไทย: ไวรัส
Türkçe: Virüs
українська: Вірус
Tiếng Việt: Virus, Siêu vi
Volapük: Virud
ייִדיש: ווירוס
中文: 病毒
For more multimedia, look at Viruses on Wikimedia Commons.


Alternative classifications

Novák (1930)

Novák, F. A. 1930, 1940. Systematická botanika, 2. svazky, in: Rostlinopis, Prag.

Walton (1930)

Walton, Lee Barker 1930. Studies concerning organisms occurring in water supplies with particular reference to those found in Ohio. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin, 24: 1–86, link.

Kingdom Bionta

  • Subkingdom Protistodeae
    • Phylum Probiontaria
      • Class Microbiontoidea
        • Order Aphanobiontidea
        • Order Chlamydozoidea
      • Class Bacterioidea
      • Class Spirochaetoidea
  • Subkingdom Metaphytodeae
  • Subkingdom Metazoodeae

Holmes in Breed et al. (1948)

Holmes, F.O. 1948. Order Virales: the filterable viruses. In: Breed, R.S., Murray, E.G.D. & Hitchens, A.P. (eds). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 6th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, The Outline Classification used in The Bergey Manual of Determinative Bacteriology.

Division Schizophyta

  • Supplements: groups of uncertain relationship
    • Order Virales Breed, Murray & Hitchens, 1944
      • Suborder 1. Phagineae Holmes
        • Family I. Phagaceae Holmes
          • Genus I. Phagus Holmes
      • Suborder II. Phytophagineae Holmes
        • Family I. Chlorogenaceae Holmes
          • Genus I. Chlorogenus Holmes
          • Genus II. Carpophthora McKinney
          • Genus III. Morsus Holmes
          • Genus IV. Aureogenus Black
          • Genus V. Galla Holmes
          • Genus VI. Fractilinae McKinney
        • Family II. Marmoraceae Holmes
          • Genus I. Marmor Holmes
          • Genus II. Acrogenus Holmes
          • Genus III. Corium Holmes
          • Genus IV. Nanus Holmes
          • Genus V. Rimocortius Milbrath & Zeller
          • Genus VI. Adelonosus Brierley & Smith
        • Family III. Annulaceae Holmes
          • Genus I. Annulus Holmes
        • Family IV. Rugaceae Holmes
          • Genus I. Ruga Holmes
        • Family V. Savoiaceae Holmes
          • Genus I. Savoia Holmes
        • Family VI. Lethaceae Holmes
          • Genus I. Lethum Holmes
      • Suborder III. Zoophagineae Holmes
        • Family I. Borrelinaceae Holmes
          • Genus I. Borrelina Holmes
          • Genus II. Morator Holmes
        • Family II. Borreliotaceae Holmes
          • Genus I. Borreliota Goodpasture
          • Genus II. Briareus Holmes
          • Genus III. Scelus Holmes
          • Genus IV. Hostis Holmes
          • Genus V. Moliler Holmes
        • Family III. Erronaceae Holmes
          • Genus I. Erro Holmes
          • Genus II. Legio Holmes
          • Genus III. Formido Holmes
        • Family IV. Charonaceae Holmes
          • Genus I. Charon Holmes
          • Genus II. Tarpeia Holmes
          • Genus III. Tortor Holmes
        • Family V. Trifuriaceae Holmes
          • Genus I. Trifur Holmes
        • Family VI. Rabulaceae Holmes

Barkley (1949)

Barkley, Fred A. Un esbozo de clasificación de los organismos. Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín. 10: 83–103, (PDF) (Spanish)

  • Mychota (Monera, Anucleobionta)
    • Schizophyta
      • Schizomycophyta (Myxothallophyta)
        • Vireae (Viriphyta)
          • Bacteriophagales (Zoophagi, Phytophagi)
          • Rickettsiales
        • Schyzomycetes (Eubacteriae)
        • Spirochaetae
      • Cyanophyta
  • Protista
  • Euplanta
  • Euanimalia

Rothmaler (1951)

Rothmaler, Werner. 1951. Die Abteilungen und Klassen der Pflanzen. Feddes Rep Spec Nov Reg Veg 3: 256–266, Google Books, Abstract.

  • Aphanobionta Novak (1930) – Virales Holmes (1948) – Vireae Barkley (1949)
    • Virophyta Rothm., nov. div. – Archaeophyta Barkley (1939) non Haeckel (1866)
      • Globullovira Rothm., nov. class.
        • Globullovirea Rothm., nov. subclass.
        • Tesserulovirea Rothm., nov. subclass. – Tesserulata Ruska, 1950
      • Rhabdovira Rothm., nov. class.
    • Phagophyta Rothm., nov. div. – d'Herellata Ruska (1950) – Bakteriophagum d'Herelle
      • Phagovira Rothm., nov. class. – d'Herellata Ruska (1950) – Phagineae Holmes (1948)
    • Cysticetophyta Rothm., nov. div. – Cysticeta Ruska (1950)
      • Cysticetovira Rothm., nov. class. – Cysticetes Ruska, Poppe & Kausche (1947) – Cysticeta Ruska (1950)
  • Akaryobionta
  • Protobionta
  • Cormobionta
  • Gastrobionta

Lwoff, Horne & Tournier (1962)

Lwoff, A., Horne, R. & Tournier, P. 1962. A system of viruses. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol., 27, 51–55.

Key characteristics for classification:

  • Nucleic acid (RNA or DNA): R or D
    • Capsid symmetry (helical, cubical or dual): H, C or B
      • Presence of a lipid envelope (naked or enveloped): N or E
        • Diameter of capsid, or number of capsomers

Hsen-Hsu (1965)

Hsen-Hsu, Hu. 1965. The major groups of living beings: a new classification. Taxon 14(8): 254–261.

  • Protobiota [including Rickettsiae, viruses and bacteriophages]
  • Cytobiota
    • Bacteriobionta
    • Myxobionta
    • Mycobionta
    • Phytobionta
    • Zoobionta

Baltimore (1971)

Baltimore, D. 1971. Expression of animal virus genomes. Bacteriological Reviews, 35(3), 235, Abstract and PDF

  • Group I: Double-stranded DNA viruses (dsDNA)
  • Group II: Single-stranded DNA viruses (ssDNA)
  • Group III: Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA)
  • Group IV: Single-stranded RNA viruses whose mRNA is identical in base sequence to virion RNA (+ssRNA)
  • Group V: Single-stranded RNA viruses whose genome is complementary in base sequence to the mRNA (-ssRNA)
  • Group VI: Single-stranded RNA viruses that replicate through a DNA intermediate (ssRNA-RT)
  • Group VII: Double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate through a single-stranded RNA intermediate (dsDNA-RT)

Hurst (2000)

Christon J. Hurst 2011. An Introduction to Viral Taxonomy with Emphasis on Animal Hosts and the Proposal of Akamara, a Potential Domain for the Genomic Acellular Agents. Studies in Viral Ecology: Animal Host Systems, Volume 2. DOI: 10.1002/9781118025710.ch2

  • Dominio: Akamara
    • Reino: Euviria
      • Virus
      • Virus satélite
    • Reino: Viroida
      • Viroide
      • Virusoide

King et al. (2011)

King, A. M. Q., Adams, M. J., Carstens, E. B. & Lefkowitz, E. J. (eds). 2011. Virus taxonomy: 9h report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, Google Books. Partially disponible at: www.ictvonline.org

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