établir
French
Etymology
From Old French establir, inherited from Latin stabilīre, present active infinitive of stabiliō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.ta.bliʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
établir
- to make out (a bill), to draw up (a document etc.)
- to establish, to set up (a business, government, camp, reputation etc.)
- to demonstrate, establish (a fact, responsibility)
- (sports) to set (a record)
- to institute (a rule)
- (reflexive) to settle down
- (reflexive) (+ preposition à) to stand at (about a statistic)
- (reflexive, biology) to colonize
- (uncommon) to become part of common usage
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of établir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | établissant /e.ta.bli.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | établi /e.ta.bli/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | établir | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | établissant /e.ta.bli.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | établis /e.ta.bli/ |
établis /e.ta.bli/ |
établit /e.ta.bli/ |
établissons /e.ta.bli.sɔ̃/ |
établissez /e.ta.bli.se/ |
établissent /e.ta.blis/ |
| imperfect | établissais /e.ta.bli.sɛ/ |
établissais /e.ta.bli.sɛ/ |
établissait /e.ta.bli.sɛ/ |
établissions /e.ta.bli.sjɔ̃/ |
établissiez /e.ta.bli.sje/ |
établissaient /e.ta.bli.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | établis /e.ta.bli/ |
établis /e.ta.bli/ |
établit /e.ta.bli/ |
établîmes /e.ta.blim/ |
établîtes /e.ta.blit/ |
établirent /e.ta.bliʁ/ | |
| future | établirai /e.ta.bli.ʁe/ |
établiras /e.ta.bli.ʁa/ |
établira /e.ta.bli.ʁa/ |
établirons /e.ta.bli.ʁɔ̃/ |
établirez /e.ta.bli.ʁe/ |
établiront /e.ta.bli.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | établirais /e.ta.bli.ʁɛ/ |
établirais /e.ta.bli.ʁɛ/ |
établirait /e.ta.bli.ʁɛ/ |
établirions /e.ta.bli.ʁjɔ̃/ |
établiriez /e.ta.bli.ʁje/ |
établiraient /e.ta.bli.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | établisse /e.ta.blis/ |
établisses /e.ta.blis/ |
établisse /e.ta.blis/ |
établissions /e.ta.bli.sjɔ̃/ |
établissiez /e.ta.bli.sje/ |
établissent /e.ta.blis/ |
| imperfect2 | établisse /e.ta.blis/ |
établisses /e.ta.blis/ |
établît /e.ta.bli/ |
établissions /e.ta.bli.sjɔ̃/ |
établissiez /e.ta.bli.sje/ |
établissent /e.ta.blis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | établis /e.ta.bli/ |
— | établissons /e.ta.bli.sɔ̃/ |
établissez /e.ta.bli.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “établir” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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