Γραικός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Aristotle was one of the firsts to use the name Graeci (Γραικοί), saying that the area about Dodona and Achelous was inhabited by the Selli (Σελλοὶ) and a people formerly called Graeci and now Hellenes (Έλληνες).[1]

In modern scholarship, the name is traced to Γραῖα (Graîa), a city on the coast of Boeotia, a name given to the Greeks by the Romans, where they first met. The city's name itself means "grey", from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old”).[2]

Pronunciation
 

Adjective

Γραικός • (Graikós) m (feminine Γραική, neuter Γραικόν); first/second declension

  1. Greek

Declension
First and second declension of Γραικός; Γραική; Γραικόν (Attic)
Number Singular Dual Plural
Case/Gender MasculineFeminine Neuter MasculineFeminine Neuter MasculineFeminine Neuter
Nominative Γραικός
Graikós		 Γραική
Graikḗ		 Γραικόν
Graikón		 Γραικώ
Graikṓ		 Γραικᾱ́
Graikā́		 Γραικώ
Graikṓ		 Γραικοί
Graikoí		 Γραικαί
Graikaí		 Γραικᾰ́
Graiká
Genitive Γραικοῦ
Graikoû		 Γραικῆς
Graikês		 Γραικοῦ
Graikoû		 Γραικοῖν
Graikoîn		 Γραικαῖν
Graikaîn		 Γραικοῖν
Graikoîn		 Γραικῶν
Graikôn		 Γραικῶν
Graikôn		 Γραικῶν
Graikôn
Dative Γραικῷ
Graikôi		 Γραικῇ
Graikêi		 Γραικῷ
Graikôi		 Γραικοῖν
Graikoîn		 Γραικαῖν
Graikaîn		 Γραικοῖν
Graikoîn		 Γραικοῖς
Graikoîs		 Γραικαῖς
Graikaîs		 Γραικοῖς
Graikoîs
Accusative Γραικόν
Graikón		 Γραικήν
Graikḗn		 Γραικόν
Graikón		 Γραικώ
Graikṓ		 Γραικᾱ́
Graikā́		 Γραικώ
Graikṓ		 Γραικούς
Graikoús		 Γραικᾱ́ς
Graikā́s		 Γραικᾰ́
Graiká
Vocative Γραικέ
Graiké		 Γραική
Graikḗ		 Γραικόν
Graikón		 Γραικώ
Graikṓ		 Γραικᾱ́
Graikā́		 Γραικώ
Graikṓ		 Γραικοί
Graikoí		 Γραικαί
Graikaí		 Γραικᾰ́
Graiká
Derived forms Adverb Comparative Superlative
Γραικῶς
Graikôs		 Γραικότερος
Graikóteros		 Γραικότᾰτος
Graikótatos
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Proper noun

Γραικός • (Graikós) m (genitive Γραικοῦ); ? declension

  1. Graecus, a character in Greek mythology, said to be a son of Thessalos, the king of Phthia; or else a son of Pandora and Zeus.

Declension
Second declension of ὁ Γραικός; τοῦ Γραικοῦ (Attic)
Case / # Singular
Nominative ὁ Γραικός
ho Graikós
Genitive τοῦ Γραικοῦ
toû Graikoû
Dative τῷ Γραικῷ
tôi Graikôi
Accusative τὸν Γραικόν
tòn Graikón
Vocative Γραικέ
Graiké
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Noun

Γραικός • (Graikós) m (genitive Γραικοῦ); ? declension

  1. a Graecian, a member of an ancient Boeotian tribe that migrated to Italy.

Declension
Second declension of ὁ Γραικός; τοῦ Γραικοῦ (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ Γραικός
ho Graikós		 τὼ Γραικώ
tṑ Graikṓ		 οἱ Γραικοί
hoi Graikoí
Genitive τοῦ Γραικοῦ
toû Graikoû		 τοῖν Γραικοῖν
toîn Graikoîn		 τῶν Γραικῶν
tôn Graikôn
Dative τῷ Γραικῷ
tôi Graikôi		 τοῖν Γραικοῖν
toîn Graikoîn		 τοῖς Γραικοῖς
toîs Graikoîs
Accusative τὸν Γραικόν
tòn Graikón		 τὼ Γραικώ
tṑ Graikṓ		 τοὺς Γραικούς
toùs Graikoús
Vocative Γραικέ
Graiké		 Γραικώ
Graikṓ		 Γραικοί
Graikoí
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

References
  1. Aristotle, Μετεωρολογικά, Α.352b
  2. R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 267.

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

Hellenistic reborrowing from Latin Graecus, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɣreˈkos/
  • Hyphenation: Γραι‧κός

Noun

Γραικός • (Graikós) m (plural Γραικοί)

  1. (historical) Greek

Usage notes
  • Used in Byzantium and during Ottoman rule. Although the word has carried a derogatory sense from the roman Graecus, Graeculus, and its occidental descendants, the word was redeemed in the lips of the revolutionary Athanasios Diakos who said before his impalement:
    Εγώ Γραικός γεννήθηκα, Γραικός θε να πεθάνω
    Egó Graikós genníthika, Graikós the na petháno
    I was born a Graecus, I shall die a Graecus.

Declension
declension of Γραικός
singular plural
nominative Γραικός • Γραικοί •
genitive Γραικού • Γραικών •
accusative Γραικό • Γραικούς •
vocative Γραικέ • Γραικοί •

Synonyms
  • Έλληνας m (Éllinas)
  • Ρωμιός m (Romiós) (familiar, emotive term)
  • γραικικός (graikikós, “Greek”)
  • γραικύλος (graikýlos, “Graeculus”) (derogatory, offensive)

References
  1. Γραικός in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
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