< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵerh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ǵerh₂- [1]

  1. to grow old, to mature[2]

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*%C7%B5erh%E2%82%82-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *ǵerh₂-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *ǵerh₂-</a>
  • *ǵérh₂-e-ti (root present)
    • Indo-Iranian: *ĵárati
      • Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árati
        • Sanskrit: जरति (járati)
  • *ǵr̥h₂-nó-m (“grain”)
  • *ǵerh₂-ró-s
    • Hellenic: [Term?]
      • Ancient Greek: γεραρός (gerarós)
    • Iranian: *ĵár̥Hrah
      • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬭𐬀‎ (zaurura, “old age”)
  • *ǵr̥h₂-yéw-s
  • *ǵ(e)rh₂-yó-s
    • Hellenic: [Term?]
      • Ancient Greek: γεραιός (geraiós), γραῖᾱ (graîā), Γραῖαι (Graîai), Γραῖα (Graîa), Γραῖος (Graîos)
        • → Latin: Grāius
  • *ǵr̥h₂-i-ḱó-s
  • *ǵērh₂-s
    • Hellenic: [Term?]
  • *ǵérh₂-ont-s
  • *ǵérh₂-u-s ~ *ǵr̥h₂-éw-s
    • Tocharian: *śërāw'ë-
  • *ǵérh₂-mn̥ ~ *ǵr̥h₂-mén-s
    • Indo-Iranian: *ĵárHama
      • Iranian: *ĵárHama
        • Middle Persian: (“old age”)
          Manichaean: 𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗‎ (zrmʾn /zarmān/), 𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫆‎ (zrmʾnyẖ /zarmānīh/)
          Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlm'n' /zarmān/)
          • Persian: زرمان‎ (zarmān), زرم‎ (zarm)
    • Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árHama
      • Sanskrit: जरिमन् (jariman, “old age, decrepitude”)
    • Hellenic: [Term?]
      • Ancient Greek: γήραμα (gḗrama, “old age”)
  • *ǵorh₂-o-s
    • Germanic: *karaz, *karilaz (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵorh₂-wó-s
    • Iranian: *ĵárHwáh (“old age”)
      • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁‎ (zauruuā, “old age”)
      • Chorasmian: [script needed] (ʾzr)
      • Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age”)
        Manichaean: 𐫉𐫡𐫇‎ (zrw /zarw/)
        Sogdian: 𐼵𐽀𐼴𐼳‎ (zrwh /zarw/)
        Syriac: ܙܪܘ‎ (zrw /zarw/)
      • Ossetian: зӕруӕ (zærwæ, “old age”)
      • Pashto: زړوالۍ‎ (zaṛwā́lay, “old age”)
      • Parthian: 𐫉𐫡𐫇𐫀𐫗‎ (zrwʾn /zarwān/, “old age”)
  • *ǵorh₂-tó-s
    • Iranian: *ĵárHtáh (“old; old age”)
      • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀‎ (zarəta, “old”)
      • → Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫉𐫡𐫅‎ (zrd /zard/, “infirm; old age”)
        • Persian: زال‎ (zāl, “Zāl (a mythological person in Shahnameh who have old face and white hairs); albino”); زر‎ (zar, “old”)
      • Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age; oldwoman”)
        Manichaean: 𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫤𐫐‎ (zyrtk /zirt(a)/)
        Sogdian: 𐼵𐼷𐽀𐽂𐼳‎ (zyrth /zirt(a), zert(a)/)
      • Pashto: زړه‎‎ (zaŗa, “old”), زوړ‎‎ (zoŗ, “old”), زاړه‎ (zāṛә́)
  • *ǵorh₂-is-to-s
    • Iranian: *ĵárH-ištah (“oldness”)
      • Pashto: زړښت‎ (zaṛǝ́ӽt, “oldness”)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Sanskrit: जरा (jarā́, “old age”)
    • Sanskrit: जरस् (jarás, “senescence, decay, old age”)
    • Sanskrit: जर (jára, “becoming old; the act of wearing out, wasting”)
    • Armenian: [Term?]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Slavic: *zьrěti > *zrělъ (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

References
  1. Watkins, Calvert (Ed.) (2000). The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston, New York. →ISBN.
  2. Starostin, Sergei (1998). The Tower of Babel: An Etymological Database Project.
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