θαρραλέος
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- θᾰρσᾰλέος (tharsaléos) – Old Attic
Etymology
From θάρρος (thárrhos, “courage”) (Late Attic). Also θαρσαλέος (tharsaléos) from θάρσος (thársos) (Ionic and Ancient Attic).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tʰar̥.r̥a.lé.os/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /tʰar̥.r̥aˈlɛ.os/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /θar.raˈle.os/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /θar.raˈle.os/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /θa.raˈle.os/
Adjective
θᾰρρᾰλέος • (tharrhaléos) m (feminine θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ, neuter θᾰρρᾰλέον); first/second declension
- (neuter) το θαρραλέον: a) that which causes or demands courage. b) confidence (cf. το θαρσαλέον)
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 2.5.16:
- φανερὸν ἐκ τούτων καὶ τὸ θαρρεῖν τί ἐστι, καὶ περὶ ποῖα θαρραλέοι εἰσὶ καὶ πῶς διακείμενοι θαρραλέοι εἰσίν: τό τε γὰρ θάρσος τὸ ἐναντίον τῷ φόβῳ, καὶ τὸ θαρραλέον τῷ φοβερῷ
- phaneròn ek toútōn kaì tò tharrheîn tí esti, kaì perì poîa tharrhaléoi eisì kaì pôs diakeímenoi tharrhaléoi eisín: tó te gàr thársos tò enantíon tôi phóbōi, kaì tò tharrhaléon tôi phoberôi
- so, from these, it is also clear what courage is, and about which things they are courageous, and what the psychology of the courageous is; for courage is opposite of fear and that which causes courage is opposite of that which causes fear
- φανερὸν ἐκ τούτων καὶ τὸ θαρρεῖν τί ἐστι, καὶ περὶ ποῖα θαρραλέοι εἰσὶ καὶ πῶς διακείμενοι θαρραλέοι εἰσίν: τό τε γὰρ θάρσος τὸ ἐναντίον τῷ φόβῳ, καὶ τὸ θαρραλέον τῷ φοβερῷ
- (negative) overbold, audacious
Inflection
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | θᾰρρᾰλέος tharrhaléos |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā |
θᾰρρᾰλέον tharrhaléon |
θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā |
θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō |
θᾰρρᾰλέοι tharrhaléoi |
θᾰρρᾰλέαι tharrhaléai |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾰ tharrhaléa | |||||
Genitive | θᾰρρᾰλέου tharrhaléou |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱς tharrhaléās |
θᾰρρᾰλέου tharrhaléou |
θᾰρρᾰλέοιν tharrhaléoin |
θᾰρρᾰλέαιν tharrhaléain |
θᾰρρᾰλέοιν tharrhaléoin |
θᾰρρᾰλέων tharrhaléōn |
θᾰρρᾰλέων tharrhaléōn |
θᾰρρᾰλέων tharrhaléōn | |||||
Dative | θᾰρρᾰλέῳ tharrhaléōi |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾳ tharrhaléāi |
θᾰρρᾰλέῳ tharrhaléōi |
θᾰρρᾰλέοιν tharrhaléoin |
θᾰρρᾰλέαιν tharrhaléain |
θᾰρρᾰλέοιν tharrhaléoin |
θᾰρρᾰλέοις tharrhaléois |
θᾰρρᾰλέαις tharrhaléais |
θᾰρρᾰλέοις tharrhaléois | |||||
Accusative | θᾰρρᾰλέον tharrhaléon |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱν tharrhaléān |
θᾰρρᾰλέον tharrhaléon |
θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā |
θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō |
θᾰρρᾰλέους tharrhaléous |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱς tharrhaléās |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾰ tharrhaléa | |||||
Vocative | θᾰρρᾰλέε tharrhalée |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā |
θᾰρρᾰλέον tharrhaléon |
θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā |
θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō |
θᾰρρᾰλέοι tharrhaléoi |
θᾰρρᾰλέαι tharrhaléai |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾰ tharrhaléa | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
θᾰρρᾰλέως tharrhaléōs |
θᾰρρᾰλεώτερος tharrhaleṓteros |
θᾰρρᾰλεώτᾰτος tharrhaleṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Synonyms
Antonyms
- δειλός (deilós)
Derived terms
- (adverb): θᾰρραλέως (tharrhaléōs), θᾰρσαλέως (tharsaléōs)
Descendants
- Greek: θαρραλέος (tharraléos)
References
- Hofmann, J. B. (1949), “θάρσος”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen (in German), Munich: R. Oldenbourg
Further reading
- θαρραλέος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Dimitrakos, Dimitrios B. (1964) Μέγα λεξικόν ὅλης τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς γλώσσης [Great Dictionary of the entire Greek Language] (in Greek), Athens: Hellenic Paideia
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek θαρραλέος (tharrhaléos).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θa.raˈle.os/
- Hyphenation: θαρ‧ρα‧λέ‧ος
- Rhymes: -eos
Adjective
θαρραλέος • (tharraléos) m (feminine θαρραλέα, neuter θαρραλέο)
- courageous, brave
- μία θαρραλέα πράξη ― mía tharraléa práxi ― a courageous deed
- ένας θαρραλέος πολεμιστής ― énas tharraléos polemistís ― a brave warrior
Declension
declension of θαρραλέος
number case / gender |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | θαρραλέος | θαρραλέα | θαρραλέο | θαρραλέοι | θαρραλέες | θαρραλέα |
genitive | θαρραλέου | θαρραλέας | θαρραλέου | θαρραλέων | θαρραλέων | θαρραλέων |
accusative | θαρραλέο | θαρραλέα | θαρραλέο | θαρραλέους | θαρραλέες | θαρραλέα |
vocative | θαρραλέε | θαρραλέα | θαρραλέο | θαρραλέοι | θαρραλέες | θαρραλέα |
derivations | comparative: πιο (pio) + positive forms (e.g. πιο θαρραλέος, etc.) relative superlative: definite article + πιο (pio) + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο θαρραλέος (o pio tharraléos), etc.) |
Synonyms
Antonyms
- δειλός (deilós, “coward”)
Derived terms
- θαρραλέα (tharraléa, adverb)
Related terms
- θαρρετός (tharretós)
References
- θαρραλέος in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
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