ξηρός

• ξερός (xerós) – Ionic

From Proto-Indo-European *kseros. Cognates include Latin serescō, Old High German serawēn, Old Armenian չոր (čʿor), Middle Armenian չիր (čʿir) and perhaps Sanskrit क्षार (kṣārá, “sharp, acrid, pungent”). However, the lengthened vowel η where ε would normally be expected is problematic.

ξηρός • (xērós) m (feminine ξηρᾱ́, neuter ξηρόν); first/second declension

1. dry
2. The effects of being without water: parched, withered
3. By extension: shrunken, paralyzed, lean
4. (voice) rough, hoarse
5. fasting

• ξηρίον (xēríon)
• ξηρότης (xērótēs)
• ξηραίνω (xēraínō)

• ξηρός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ξηρός in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ξηρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G3584 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
• ξηρός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • dry idem, page 255.
  • fleshless idem, page 327.
  • haggard idem, page 380.
  • lean idem, page 482.
  • meagre idem, page 519.
  • parched idem, page 592.
  • sear idem, page 746.
  • seasoned idem, page 746.
  • shrivelled idem, page 771.
  • skinny idem, page 781.
  • spare idem, page 798.
  • tearless idem, page 859.
  • thin idem, page 866.
  • wasted idem, page 965.
  • withered idem, page 984.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill

• ξερός (xerós)

ξηρός • (xirós) m (feminine ξηρή or ξηρά, neuter ξηρό)

1. (literary) dry, dried, arid

   το κλίμα είναι πολύ ξηρό ― to klíma eínai polý xiró ― the climate is very dry

2. (literary) dry, not sweet

   ξηρός οίνος ― xirós oínos ― dry wine

The use of this form is restricted to special terms, such as those listed below:

• ξηρό κλίμα n (xiró klíma, “dry climate”)
• αποξηραμένος (apoxiraménos, “dried, desiccated”)
• ξηρή ατμόσφαιρα f (xirí atmósfaira, “dry atmosphere”)
• ξηρές σταφίδες f pl (xirés stafídes, “dried fruit”)
• ξηρά τροφή f (xirá trofí, “dry food, dried food”)
• ξηρό στοιχείο n (xiró stoicheío, “dry cell”)
• ξηροί καρποί m pl (xiroí karpoí, “dried fruit, dried nuts”)
• ξηρός οίνος m (xirós oínos, “dry wine”)
• ξηρός πάγος m (xirós págos, “dry ice”)

• see: ξερός (xerós)