σίδηρος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Compare Latin sīdus. Some refer this to Proto-Indo-European *sweyd-, whence Latin sūdor, Ancient Greek ἱδρώς (hidrṓs), English sweat.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /sí.dɛː.ros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈsi.de.ros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈsi.ði.ros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈsi.ði.ros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈsi.ði.ros/
Noun
σῐ́δηρος • (sídēros) m (genitive σῐδήρου); second declension
- iron
- c. 90 AD, John of Patmos, Book of Revelation 18:12:
- γόμον χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου καὶ λίθου τιμίου καὶ μαργαρίτου καὶ βυσσίνου καὶ σηρικοῦ καὶ κοκκίνου, καὶ πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου καὶ χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου καὶ μαρμάρου, […]
- gómon khrusoû kaì argúrou kaì líthou timíou kaì margarítou kaì bussínou kaì sērikoû kaì kokkínou, kaì pân xúlon thúïnon kaì pân skeûos elephántinon kaì pân skeûos ek xúlou timiōtátou kaì khalkoû kaì sidḗrou kaì marmárou, […]
- The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble, […]
- c. 90 AD, John of Patmos, Book of Revelation 18:12:
- iron tool
- sword
- blacksmith's shop, smithy
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ σῐ́δηρος ho sídēros |
τὼ σῐδήρω tṑ sidḗrō |
οἱ σῐ́δηροι hoi sídēroi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ σῐδήρου toû sidḗrou |
τοῖν σῐδήροιν toîn sidḗroin |
τῶν σῐδήρων tôn sidḗrōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ σῐδήρῳ tôi sidḗrōi |
τοῖν σῐδήροιν toîn sidḗroin |
τοῖς σῐδήροις toîs sidḗrois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν σῐ́δηρον tòn sídēron |
τὼ σῐδήρω tṑ sidḗrō |
τοὺς σῐδήρους toùs sidḗrous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | σῐ́δηρε sídēre |
σῐδήρω sidḗrō |
σῐ́δηροι sídēroi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀκροσίδηρος (akrosídēros, “pointed or tipped with iron”)
- ἀσίδηρος (asídēros, “not of iron”)
- αὐτοσίδηρος (autosídēros, “of sheer iron”)
- βαρυσίδηρος (barusídēros, “heavy with iron”)
- βραχυσίδηρος (brakhusídēros, “(of a dart) with a short, small head”)
- εὐσίδηρος (eusídēros, “well-ironed”)
- κατασιδηρόω (katasidēróō, “to plate with iron”)
- μακροσίδηρος (makrosídēros)
- ὁλοσίδηρος (holosídēros, “all iron”)
- περισιδηρόομαι (perisidēróomai, “to be cased with iron”)
- περισίδηρος (perisídēros, “cased with iron”)
- σιδηραγωγός (sidēragōgós, “attracting iron”)
- σιδηρεία (sidēreía, “working in iron”)
- σιδηρένδετος (sidēréndetos, “iron-banded”)
- σιδηρεόεις (sidēreóeis)
- σιδήρεος (sidḗreos, “made of iron”)
- σιδηρεύς (sidēreús, “worker in iron, smith”)
- σιδηρεύω (sidēreúō, “to work in iron”)
- σιδηρεῖα (sidēreîa, “iron-works, iron-mines”)
- σιδηρήεις (sidērḗeis)
- σιδηρίζω (sidērízō, “to be like iron”)
- σιδήριον (sidḗrion, “implement”)
- σιδηριουργός (sidēriourgós)
- σιδηρίσκος (sidērískos)
- σιδηρίτης (sidērítēs, “of iron”)
- σιδηροβασταγή (sidērobastagḗ, “provision, supply of iron”)
- σιδηρόβαφος (sidēróbaphos, “of ferruginous colour”)
- σιδηροβόλιον (sidērobólion, “anchor”)
- σιδηροβόρος (sidērobóros, “a file”)
- σιδηροβριθής (sidērobrithḗs, “iron-loaded”)
- σιδηροβρώς (sidērobrṓs, “iron-eating”)
- σιδηροδάκτυλος (sidērodáktulos, “iron-fingered”)
- σιδηροδέσμος (sidērodésmos, “with bonds of iron”)
- σιδηροδετέω (sidērodetéō, “to bind in iron”)
- σιδηρόδετος (sidēródetos, “iron-bound”)
- σιδηρόεις (sidēróeis)
- σιδηροθήκη (sidērothḗkē, “armoury”)
- σιδηροθώραξ (sidērothṓrax, “with iron breastplate”)
- σιδηροκατάδικος (sidērokatádikos, “condemned to the iron”)
- σιδηροκμής (sidērokmḗs, “slain by iron”)
- σιδηροκόλεος (sidērokóleos, “iron-sheathed”)
- σιδηροκόντρα (sidērokóntra, “with barbed iron spears”)
- σιδηροκόπος (sidērokópos)
- σιδηρόκωπος (sidērókōpos, “armed with iron”)
- σιδηρομήτωρ (sidēromḗtōr, “mother of iron”)
- σιδηρονόμος (sidēronómos, “distributing with iron”)
- σιδηρόνωτος (sidērónōtos, “iron-backed”)
- σιδηροπέδη (sidēropédē, “iron fetter”)
- σιδηρόπλαστος (sidēróplastos, “moulded of iron”)
- σιδηρόπληκτος (sidēróplēktos, “smitten by iron”)
- σιδηρόπλοκος (sidēróplokos, “plaited of iron”)
- σιδηροπλύτης (sidēroplútēs, “one who washes iron”)
- σιδηροποίκιλος (sidēropoíkilos, “a variegated stone”)
- σιδηρόπους (sidērópous, “iron-footed”)
- σιδηρόπτερος (sidērópteros, “iron-winged”)
- σιδηροπώλης (sidēropṓlēs, “ironmonger”)
- σιδηρόσπαρτος (sidēróspartos, “sown by iron”)
- σιδηροσφαγία (sidērosphagía, “slaying with the sword”)
- σιδηροτέκτων (sidērotéktōn, “worker in iron”)
- σιδηρότευκτος (sidēróteuktos, “wrought of iron”)
- σιδηροτόκος (sidērotókos, “producing iron”)
- σιδηροτομέω (sidērotoméō, “to cut with iron”)
- σιδηρότροχος (sidērótrokhos, “with iron wheels”)
- σιδηροτρύπανον (sidērotrúpanon, “iron borer”)
- σιδηρότρωτος (sidērótrōtos, “wounded with iron”)
- σιδηρουργεῖον (sidērourgeîon, “iron-mine”)
- σιδηρουργία (sidērourgía, “working in iron”)
- σιδηρουργός (sidērourgós, “iron-worker, smith”)
- σιδηροφάγος (sidērophágos, “eating into iron”)
- σιδηροφορέω (sidērophoréō, “to bear iron”)
- σιδηροφόρος (sidērophóros, “producing iron”)
- σιδηρόφρων (sidēróphrōn, “of iron heart”)
- σιδηροφυής (sidērophuḗs, “of iron nature”)
- σιδηροχαλκεύς (sidērokhalkeús, “smith”)
- σιδηρόχαλκος (sidērókhalkos, “of iron and copper”)
- σιδηροχάρμης (sidērokhármēs, “fighting”)
- σιδηροχίτων (sidērokhítōn, “with iron tunic”)
- σιδηρόψυχος (sidērópsukhos, “iron-hearted”)
- σιδηρόω (sidēróō, “to overlay with iron”)
- σιδηροῦς (sidēroûs)
- σιδηρώδης (sidērṓdēs, “of iron”)
- σιδήρωμα (sidḗrōma, “iron fittings”)
- σιδηρωρυχεῖον (sidērōrukheîon, “iron-mine”)
- σιδήρωσις (sidḗrōsis, “iron-work”)
- σιδηρωτός (sidērōtós, “iron-bound”)
- τμητοσίδηρος (tmētosídēros, “cut down with iron”)
- ὑποσίδηρος (huposídēros, “having a mixture or proportion of iron in it”)
- ὑποσιδηρόω (huposidēróō)
- χειροσιδήριον (kheirosidḗrion, “grapnel, grappling hook”)
References
- σίδηρος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σίδηρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G4604 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Greek
Alternative forms
- σίδερο n (sídero) (the everyday name for the metal)
Declension
Declension of σίδηρος (sídiros)
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | σίδηρος • |
| genitive | σιδήρου • |
| accusative | σίδηρο • |
| vocative | σίδηρε • |
Related terms
- σιδηρόδρομος m (sidiródromos, “railway”)
- σιδηροπωλείο n (sidiropoleío, “ironmonger”)
- σιδηροσωλήνας m (sidirosolínas, “iron pipe”)
Further reading
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