σφήν
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Unknown. According to Beekes, related neither to Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphya, “oar; spar”) nor to Proto-Germanic *spēnuz (“chip, shaving”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /spʰɛ̌ːn/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /spʰen/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /sɸin/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /sfin/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /sfin/
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ σφήν ho sphḗn |
τὼ σφῆνε tṑ sphêne |
οἱ σφῆνες hoi sphênes | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ σφηνός toû sphēnós |
τοῖν σφηνοῖν toîn sphēnoîn |
τῶν σφηνῶν tôn sphēnôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ σφηνῐ́ tôi sphēní |
τοῖν σφηνοῖν toîn sphēnoîn |
τοῖς σφησῐ́ / σφησῐ́ν toîs sphēsí(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν σφῆνᾰ tòn sphêna |
τὼ σφῆνε tṑ sphêne |
τοὺς σφῆνᾰς toùs sphênas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | σφήν sphḗn |
σφῆνε sphêne |
σφῆνες sphênes | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀντισφήν (antisphḗn)
- ἐπίσφηνος (epísphēnos)
- σφηνάριον (sphēnárion)
- σφηνεύς (sphēneús)
- σφηνίσκος (sphēnískos)
- σφηνοειδής (sphēnoeidḗs)
- σφηνοκέφαλος (sphēnoképhalos)
- σφηνόπους (sphēnópous)
- σφηνοπώγων (sphēnopṓgōn)
- σφηνόω (sphēnóō)
- σφήνωσις (sphḗnōsis)
Descendants
- Greek: σφήνα (sfína)
References
- σφήν in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σφήν in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- σφήν in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- σφήν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- σφήν in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3816 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- wedge idem, page 971.
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “σφήν”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv O. N., Moscow: Progress
- University of Helsinki's Proto-Indo-European Lexicon
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