χάλκεος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

χᾰλκοῦς (khalkoûs) – Attic
χᾰ́λκειος (khálkeios), χᾰλκήιος (khalkḗios) – Epic

Etymology

From χᾰλκός (khalkós, “copper”) +‎ -εος (-eos).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰál.ke.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰal.kɛ.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈxal.ke.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈxal.ce.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈxal.ce.os/

Adjective

χᾰ́λκεος • (khálkeos) m (feminine χᾰλκέᾱ, neuter χᾰ́λκεον); first/second declension

of copper or bronze, brazen
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.15
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.371
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.4
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.30
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.723
- 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 3.84
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.317
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.335
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.220
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.398
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.440
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.331
- 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1359
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 686
- 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 392
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1591
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 711
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 683
1. (of statues)
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.81
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 1.95
  - 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 272
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, On Organization 21
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1410A.33
  - 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On the Mysteries 38
2. (χἀλκεος ἀγών) a contest for a shield of brass
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 10.22
(figuratively) brazen, hard, stout, strong
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.704
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.152
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Demosthenes 11
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 8.27
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.490
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.222
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.241
- 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 1

Inflection

First and second declension of χάλκεος; χαλκέᾱ; χάλκεον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	χάλκεος khálkeos	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χάλκεον khálkeon	χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χαλκέω khalkéō	χάλκεοι khálkeoi	χάλκεαι khálkeai	χάλκεᾰ khálkea
Genitive	χαλκέου khalkéou	χαλκέᾱς khalkéās	χαλκέου khalkéou	χαλκέοιν khalkéoin	χαλκέαιν khalkéain	χαλκέοιν khalkéoin	χαλκέων khalkéōn	χαλκέων khalkéōn	χαλκέων khalkéōn
Dative	χαλκέῳ khalkéōi	χαλκέᾳ khalkéāi	χαλκέῳ khalkéōi	χαλκέοιν khalkéoin	χαλκέαιν khalkéain	χαλκέοιν khalkéoin	χαλκέοις khalkéois	χαλκέαις khalkéais	χαλκέοις khalkéois
Accusative	χάλκεον khálkeon	χαλκέᾱν khalkéān	χάλκεον khálkeon	χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέους khalkéous	χαλκέᾱς khalkéās	χάλκεᾰ khálkea
Vocative	χάλκεε khálkee	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χάλκεον khálkeon	χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χαλκέω khalkéō	χάλκεοι khálkeoi	χάλκεαι khálkeai	χάλκεᾰ khálkea
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	χαλκέως khalkéōs			χαλκεώτερος khalkeṓteros			χαλκεώτᾰτος khalkeṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of χάλκεος; χαλκέη; χάλκεον (Ionic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	χάλκεος khálkeos	χαλκέη khalkéē	χάλκεον khálkeon	χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χαλκέω khalkéō	χάλκεοι khálkeoi	χάλκεαι khálkeai	χάλκεᾰ khálkea
Genitive	χαλκέου khalkéou	χαλκέης khalkéēs	χαλκέου khalkéou	χαλκέοιν khalkéoin	χαλκέαιν khalkéain	χαλκέοιν khalkéoin	χαλκέων khalkéōn	χαλκεέων / χαλκεῶν khalkeéōn / khalkeôn	χαλκέων khalkéōn
Dative	χαλκέῳ khalkéōi	χαλκέῃ khalkéēi	χαλκέῳ khalkéōi	χαλκέοιν khalkéoin	χαλκέαιν khalkéain	χαλκέοιν khalkéoin	χαλκέοισῐ / χαλκέοισῐν / χαλκέοις khalkéoisi(n) / khalkéois	χαλκέῃσῐ / χαλκέῃσῐν khalkéēisi(n)	χαλκέοισῐ / χαλκέοισῐν / χαλκέοις khalkéoisi(n) / khalkéois
Accusative	χάλκεον khálkeon	χαλκέην khalkéēn	χάλκεον khálkeon	χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέους khalkéous	χαλκέᾱς khalkéās	χάλκεᾰ khálkea
Vocative	χάλκεε khálkee	χαλκέη khalkéē	χάλκεον khálkeon	χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χαλκέω khalkéō	χάλκεοι khálkeoi	χάλκεαι khálkeai	χάλκεᾰ khálkea
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	χαλκέως khalkéōs			χαλκεώτερος khalkeṓteros			χαλκεώτᾰτος khalkeṓtatos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

χαλκῆ μυῖα (khalkê muîa, “a boy's game, a sort of blind man's buff”)

References

χάλκεος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
χάλκεος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
χάλκεος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
χάλκεος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
χάλκεος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
χάλκεος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- brazen idem, page 94.
- bronze idem, page 100.
- copper idem, page 173.

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