χαλκός
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- καυχός (kaukhós) – Cretan
Etymology
Unknown. Has been compared to Proto-Slavic *želězo (“iron”), Latin ferrum, and Hittite [script needed] (ḫapalki-). Perhaps related to κάλχη (kálkhē, “purple”). Ultimately, Proto-Indo-European origin seems unlikely and the word is probably a borrowing from Pre-Greek.
Cognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀏𐀩𐀀 (ka-ka-re-a).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰal.kós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kʰalˈkos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /xalˈkos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /xalˈkos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /xalˈkos/
Noun
χᾰλκός • (khalkós) m (genitive χᾰλκοῦ); second declension
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ χᾰλκός ho khalkós |
τὼ χᾰλκώ tṑ khalkṓ |
οἱ χᾰλκοί hoi khalkoí | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ χᾰλκοῦ toû khalkoû |
τοῖν χᾰλκοῖν toîn khalkoîn |
τῶν χᾰλκῶν tôn khalkôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ χᾰλκῷ tôi khalkôi |
τοῖν χᾰλκοῖν toîn khalkoîn |
τοῖς χᾰλκοῖς toîs khalkoîs | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν χᾰλκόν tòn khalkón |
τὼ χᾰλκώ tṑ khalkṓ |
τοὺς χᾰλκούς toùs khalkoús | ||||||||||
| Vocative | χᾰλκέ khalké |
χᾰλκώ khalkṓ |
χᾰλκοί khalkoí | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ὀρείχαλκος (oreíkhalkos)
- παγχάλκεος (pankhálkeos)
- πάγχαλκος (pánkhalkos)
- πολύχαλκος (polúkhalkos)
- ὑπόχαλκος (hupókhalkos)
- χάλκασπις (khálkaspis)
- χαλκεία (khalkeía)
- χαλκεῖον (khalkeîon)
- χάλκειος (khálkeios)
- χαλκέμβολος (khalkémbolos)
- χαλκεοθώραξ (khalkeothṓrax)
- χάλκεος (khálkeos)
- χαλκεόφωνος (khalkeóphōnos)
- χαλκεύς (khalkeús)
- χαλκευτικός (khalkeutikós)
- χαλκευτός (khalkeutós)
- χαλκεύω (khalkeúō)
- χαλκεών (khalkeṓn)
- χαλκήϊος (khalkḗïos)
- χαλκήλατος (khalkḗlatos)
- χαλκήρης (khalkḗrēs)
- χαλκίοικος (khalkíoikos)
- χαλκίον (khalkíon)
- χαλκίς (khalkís)
- χαλκοβαρής (khalkobarḗs)
- χαλκοβατής (khalkobatḗs)
- χαλκόγενυς (khalkógenus)
- χαλκογλώχις (khalkoglṓkhis)
- χαλκόδετος (khalkódetos)
- χαλκοειδής (khalkoeidḗs)
- χαλκοκνήμις (khalkoknḗmis)
- χαλκοκορυστής (khalkokorustḗs)
- χαλκόκροτος (khalkókrotos)
- χαλκοπάρῃος (khalkopárēios)
- χαλκόπους (khalkópous)
- χαλκοτυπέω (khalkotupéō)
- χαλκότυπος (khalkótupos)
- χαλκοῦς (khalkoûs)
- χαλκοχίτων (khalkokhítōn)
- χαλκόω (khalkóō)
- χάλκωμα (khálkōma)
References
- χαλκός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- χαλκός in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- χαλκός in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- χαλκός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- χαλκός in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5475 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004174207
Greek
Declension
Coordinate terms
- Appendix:Greek names for chemical elements
Derived terms
- Εποχή του Χαλκού f (Epochí tou Chalkoú, “Bronze Age”)
- χαλκο- (chalko-, “copper, copper coloured”, prefix)
Further reading
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