χράω
Ancient Greek
FWOTD – 13 September 2014
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰrá.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkʰra.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈxra.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈxra.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈxra.o/
Verb
χράω • (khráō)
- (with dative of person) to fall upon, attack, assail
- Palatine Anthology 5.296
- (with dative of object) to inflict upon a person
- (with infinitive) to be bent on doing, to be eager to do
Usage notes
Only used by Homer.
Inflection
Imperfect: ἔχραον, ἐχραόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
imperfect | first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | |
active | indicative | ἔχραον | ἔχραες | ἔχραε | ἐχράετον | ἐχραέτην | ἐχράομεν | ἐχράετε | ἔχραον |
middle/ passive |
ἐχραόμην | ἐχράου | ἐχράετο | ἐχράεσθον | ἐχραέσθην | ἐχραόμεθᾰ | ἐχράεσθε | ἐχράοντο |
References
- χράω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer-.
Verb
χράω • (khráō)
- (active, of the gods and their oracles) to furnish the needful answer, to declare, pronounce, proclaim
- 7th-6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 396
- 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 807
- (passive) to be declared, proclaimed, delivered
- (middle, of the person to whom the response is given) to consult a god or oracle, to inquire of a god or oracle, consult them
- 7th-6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 252
- 7th-6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 292
- Marcellin., Vit.Thuc. 6
- 7th-6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 132
- (of applicants seeking something of the great king)
- (in perfect passive) to receive an oracular response
- (active, of the gods and their oracles) to furnish the needful answer, to declare, pronounce, proclaim
- to furnish with a thing
- Palatine Anthology 584.10
- (deponent) to use
- to bring into action some feeling, faculty, passion, state of mind; to exercise, indulge
- (of external things) to experience, be subject to
- New Testament, Second Epistle to the Corinthians 1:17
- (paraphrases the verb cognate to its dative)
- (of external things) to experience, be subject to
- (with duplicate dative) to use as such and such
- to use for an end or purpose
- (of persons, with an adverb of manner) to treat them in such a manner
- to be intimate with, to deal with, make use of, employ
- to be intimate with, to deal with, make use of, employ
- (especially of sexual intercourse)
- to make use of oneself or one's powers
- (absolute or with an adverb) to be wont to do
- (with accusative of object)
- New Testament, First Epistle to the Corinthians 7:31
- (perfect with a present sense) to be in need or want of, to yearn after
- (perfect as a strengthened present) to have in use, to have, possess
- (aorist passive)
Inflection
Present: χρῶ, χροῦμαι (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | χρῶ | χρεῖς | χρεῖ | χρεῖτον | χρεῖτον | χροῦμεν | χρεῖτε | χροῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | χρῶ | χρῇς | χρῇ | χρῆτον | χρῆτον | χρῶμεν | χρῆτε | χρῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | χροίην, χροῖμῐ |
χροίης, χροῖς |
χροίη, χροῖ |
χροῖτον, χροίητον |
χροίτην, χροιήτην |
χροῖμεν, χροίημεν |
χροῖτε, χροίητε |
χροῖεν, χροίησᾰν | |||||
imperative | χρεῖ | χρείτω | χρεῖτον | χρείτων | χρεῖτε | χρούντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | χροῦμαι | χρῇ | χρεῖται | χρεῖσθον | χρεῖσθον | χρούμεθᾰ | χρεῖσθε | χροῦνται | ||||
subjunctive | χρῶμαι | χρῇ | χρῆται | χρῆσθον | χρῆσθον | χρώμεθᾰ | χρῆσθε | χρῶνται | |||||
optative | χροίμην | χροῖο | χροῖτο | χροῖσθον | χροίσθην | χροίμεθᾰ | χροῖσθε | χροῖντο | |||||
imperative | χροῦ | χρείσθω | χρεῖσθον | χρείσθων | χρεῖσθε | χρείσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | χρεῖν | χρεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | χρῶν | χρούμενος | ||||||||||
f | χροῦσᾰ | χρουμένη | |||||||||||
n | χροῦν | χρούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἔχρουν, ἐχρούμην (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔχρουν | ἔχρεις | ἔχρει | ἐχρεῖτον | ἐχρείτην | ἐχροῦμεν | ἐχρεῖτε | ἔχρουν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐχρούμην | ἐχροῦ | ἐχρεῖτο | ἐχρεῖσθον | ἐχρείσθην | ἐχρούμεθᾰ | ἐχρεῖσθε | ἐχροῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: χρήσω, χρήσομαι, χρησθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | χρήσω | χρήσεις | χρήσει | χρήσετον | χρήσετον | χρήσομεν | χρήσετε | χρήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | χρήσοιμῐ | χρήσοις | χρήσοι | χρήσοιτον | χρησοίτην | χρήσοιμεν | χρήσοιτε | χρήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | χρήσομαι | χρήσῃ, χρήσει |
χρήσεται | χρήσεσθον | χρήσεσθον | χρησόμεθᾰ | χρήσεσθε | χρήσονται | ||||
optative | χρησοίμην | χρήσοιο | χρήσοιτο | χρήσοισθον | χρησοίσθην | χρησοίμεθᾰ | χρήσοισθε | χρήσοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | χρησθήσομαι | χρησθήσῃ | χρησθήσεται | χρησθήσεσθον | χρησθήσεσθον | χρησθησόμεθᾰ | χρησθήσεσθε | χρησθήσονται | ||||
optative | χρησθησοίμην | χρησθήσοιο | χρησθήσοιτο | χρησθήσοισθον | χρησθησοίσθην | χρησθησοίμεθᾰ | χρησθήσοισθε | χρησθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | χρήσειν | χρήσεσθαι | χρησθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | χρήσων | χρησόμενος | χρησθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | χρήσουσᾰ | χρησομένη | χρησθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | χρῆσον | χρησόμενον | χρησθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἔχρησᾰ, ἐχρησᾰ́μην, ἐχρήσθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔχρησᾰ | ἔχρησᾰς | ἔχρησε(ν) | ἐχρήσᾰτον | ἐχρησᾰ́την | ἐχρήσᾰμεν | ἐχρήσᾰτε | ἔχρησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | χρήσω | χρήσῃς | χρήσῃ | χρήσητον | χρήσητον | χρήσωμεν | χρήσητε | χρήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | χρήσαιμῐ | χρήσειᾰς, χρήσαις |
χρήσειε(ν), χρήσαι |
χρήσαιτον | χρησαίτην | χρήσαιμεν | χρήσαιτε | χρήσειᾰν, χρήσαιεν | |||||
imperative | χρῆσον | χρησᾰ́τω | χρήσᾰτον | χρησᾰ́των | χρήσᾰτε | χρησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐχρησᾰ́μην | ἐχρήσω | ἐχρήσᾰτο | ἐχρήσᾰσθον | ἐχρησᾰ́σθην | ἐχρησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐχρήσᾰσθε | ἐχρήσᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | χρήσωμαι | χρήσῃ | χρήσηται | χρήσησθον | χρήσησθον | χρησώμεθᾰ | χρήσησθε | χρήσωνται | |||||
optative | χρησαίμην | χρήσαιο | χρήσαιτο | χρήσαισθον | χρησαίσθην | χρησαίμεθᾰ | χρήσαισθε | χρήσαιντο | |||||
imperative | χρῆσαι | χρησᾰ́σθω | χρήσᾰσθον | χρησᾰ́σθων | χρήσᾰσθε | χρησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἐχρήσθην | ἐχρήσθης | ἐχρήσθη | ἐχρήσθητον | ἐχρησθήτην | ἐχρήσθημεν | ἐχρήσθητε | ἐχρήσθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | χρησθῶ | χρησθῇς | χρησθῇ | χρησθῆτον | χρησθῆτον | χρησθῶμεν | χρησθῆτε | χρησθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | χρησθείην | χρησθείης | χρησθείη | χρησθεῖτον, χρησθείητον |
χρησθείτην, χρησθειήτην |
χρησθεῖμεν, χρησθείημεν |
χρησθεῖτε, χρησθείητε |
χρησθεῖεν, χρησθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | χρήσθητῐ | χρησθήτω | χρήσθητον | χρησθήτων | χρήσθητε | χρησθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | χρῆσαι | χρήσᾰσθαι | χρησθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | χρήσᾱς | χρησᾰ́μενος | χρησθείς | |||||||||
f | χρήσᾱσᾰ | χρησᾰμένη | χρησθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | χρῆσᾰν | χρησᾰ́μενον | χρησθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
References
- χράω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- χράω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- χράω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- χράω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- χράω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- χράω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5531 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
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