кӏялагьи

Lak

Alternative forms
  • кӏяла гьи (ḳjala hi),[1] кӏаьла гьий (ḳa̱la hij)[2]
  • кӏялахӏи (ḳjalaḥi)[3][4][5]
  • чӏялагьи (č̣jalahi) – dialectal, Vikhli

Etymology

From кӏяла (ḳjala, “white”) +‎ гьи (hi, “birch”).[6][1][7][8] The latter survives only in dialects[7] and "goes back regularly to *mihi (with a regular reduction of initial *m- + narrow vowel)", ultimately from Proto-Northeast Caucasian *mĭhV (“a kind of foliage tree, perhaps alder”).[8]

On the other hand, Kibrik / Kodzasov recording the word as ḳalla-hi in the Khosrekh dialect explain it as ‘white bundle’,[9] apparently identifying the second part with homonymous гьи (hi, “bundle of brushwood”),[10] but this is typologically unlikely, unless the latter developed from an earlier sense ‘wood’; in this respect compare Kabardian пхъэхуей (pχăx°ej, “birch”, literally “wood-white”). Nikolayev / Satrostin offer a native etymology for гьи (hi, “bundle of brushwood”), ultimately from Proto-North Caucasian *mŏχ_V.[11]

Note also Lak кӏялаттарлил (ḳjalat̄arlil, “fir”),[5] another treename with кӏяла (ḳjala, “white”).

See also Old Armenian կաղամախի (kałamaxi).

Noun

кӏялагьи • (ḳjalahi)

  1. birch[12][4][3][5]
    Synonyms: мархъ (marq), махъ (maq), кӀялахӀилул мурхь (ḳjalaḥilul murx), хӏаби (ḥabi)
  2. aspen[3]; poplar[13]

Usage notes
  • The meaning ‘birch’ is found universally in the standard materials of the language, while ‘aspen’ and ‘poplar’ are found only in unreliable X. Xalilov and Erckert. Therefore they may be spurious.
  • The spelling кӏялахӏи (ḳjalaḥi) is widely attested in the materials, but ignored in the etymological discussion of Nikolayev / Starostin and Xajdakov.

References
  1. Xajdakov, S. M. (1962), “кӏяла”, in Žirkov L. I., editor, Laksko-russkij slovarʹ [Lak–Russian Dictionary], Moscow: GIINS, page 172a
  2. Xajdakov, S. M. (1973) Sravnitelʹno-sopostavitelʹnyj slovarʹ dagestanskix jazykov [Comparative Dictionary of Dagestan Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 53a
  3. Xalilov, Xalil (2002) Lax̄i wila nit̄il maz, Makhachkala, pages 106, 182
  4. Džidalajev, N. S. (1994), “берёза”, in Russko-lakskij slovarʹ [Russian–Lak Dictionary], Makhachkala: Dagučpedgiz, page 30
  5. Khalilov, Madzhid (2015), “Lak dictionary”, in Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series‎, Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, retrieved 2018-08-13
  6. Schiefner, Anton (1866), “k̔alaḥ̌e”, in Ausführlicher Bericht über Baron P. v. Uslar's Kasikumükische Studien (Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences de St.-Pétérsbourg, VII-e serie; t. X. no. 12) (in German), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 93b
  7. Xajdakov, S. M. (1966) Očerki po lakskoj dialektologii [Essays on Lak Dialectology]‎, Moscow: Nauka, page 33
  8. Nikolayev, S. L.; Starostin, S. A. (1994), “*mĭhV”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary, Moscow: Asterisk Publishers
  9. Kibrik, A. Je.; Kodzasov, S. V. (1990) Sopostavitelʹnoje izučenije dagestanskix jazykov. Imja. Fonetika [Comparative Study of Dagestan Languages. Substantives. Phonetics] (in Russian), Moscow: Izdatelʹstvo Moskovskovo universiteta, →ISBN, § 200, page 99
  10. Xajdakov, S. M. (1962), “гьи”, in Žirkov L. I., editor, Laksko-russkij slovarʹ [Lak–Russian Dictionary], Moscow: GIINS, page 91b
  11. Nikolayev, S. L.; Starostin, S. A. (1994), “*mŏχ_V”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary, Moscow: Asterisk Publishers
  12. Gadžijev, G. M. (1958), “берёза”, in Russko-lakskij školʹnyj slovarʹ [Russian–Lak School Dictionary], Makhachkala: Dagučpedgiz, page 18a
  13. Erckert, Roderich von (1895) Die Sprachen des kaukasischen Stammes. I. Theil. Wörterverzeichniss (in German), Vienna: Alfred Hölder, page 111
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