ծղխնի

Old Armenian

Alternative forms
  • ծխնի (cxni), ծխղնի (cxłni), ծխանի (cxani), ծղին (cłin), ճխնի (čxni), ճղան (čłan)

Etymology

The origin is unknown.[1][2][3][4]

J̌ahukyan compares with ծիղ (cił), ծիլ (cil, “sprout, bud”).[5]

Martirosyan connects with Ancient Greek γίγγλυμος (gínglumos, “hinge, joint, pivot, gudgeon”) and derives both from a Mediterranean substrate word of the shape *ǵinɣl(u)m-, whence Proto-Armenian *ci(n)ɣln- → *cixln- → *ciłxn-i, with the suffix -ի (-i).[6]

Noun

ծղխնի • (cłxni)

  1. door hinge
    • 5th century, Bible, Proverbs 26.14[7]:
      Որպէս դուրք շրջին ՚ի ծղխնւոջ, նո՛յնպէս վատ ՚ի մահիճս իւր։
      Orpēs durkʿ šrǰin ’i cłxnwoǰ, nóynpēs vat ’i mahičs iwr.
      As a door turns on the hinge, so does a sluggard on his bed.
    • 5th century, Bible, 3 Kingdoms 6.34[8]:
      […] և երկոցունց դրանցն փայտս մայրս երկբացիկս, մի մի դուռն. և ծխնիք նոցա երկբացիկք։
      […] ew erkocʿuncʿ drancʿn pʿayts mayrs erkbacʿiks, mi mi duṙn. ew cxnikʿ nocʿa erkbacʿikkʿ.
      In both the doors were planks of fir; the one door had two leaves and their hinges, and the other door had two leaves and turned on hinges.
    • 5th century, Bible, 1 Chronicles 22.3[9]:
      […] և երկաթ յոյժ ի բևեռս դրանցն, ի գամս յաւդիցն և ի կրկունս ծխնեացն (var. ճխնեացն)։ Եւ պատրաստեաց Դաւիթ երկաթ և պղինձ, զի ոչ գոյր կշիռ, և փայտ, զի ոչ գոյր թիւ […]
      […] ew erkatʿ yoyž i beweṙs drancʿn, i gams yawdicʿn ew i krkuns cxneacʿn (var. čxneacʿn). Ew patrasteacʿ Dawitʿ erkatʿ ew płinj, zi očʿ goyr kšiṙ, ew pʿayt, zi očʿ goyr tʿiw […]
      And David prepared much iron for the nails of the doors and the gates; the hinges also and brass in abundance, there was no weighing of it.

Usage notes

In the Bible, translates Koine Greek στρόφιγξ (stróphinx, “pivot, door hinge”) and στροφεύς (stropheús, “vertebra, door hinge”).

Declension
o-a-type
singular plural
nominative ծղխնի (cłxni) ծղխնիք (cłxnikʿ)
genitive ծղխնւոյ (cłxnwoy) ծղխնեաց (cłxneacʿ)
dative ծղխնւոյ, ծղխնւոջ (cłxnwoy, cłxnwoǰ) ծղխնեաց (cłxneacʿ)
accusative ծղխնի (cłxni) ծղխնիս (cłxnis)
ablative ծղխնւոյ (cłxnwoy) ծղխնեաց (cłxneacʿ)
instrumental ծղխնեաւ (cłxneaw) ծղխնեաւք = ծղխնեօք (cłxneawkʿ = cłxneōkʿ)
locative ծղխնւոջ (cłxnwoǰ) ծղխնիս (cłxnis)
note the irregular dative/locative with -ոջ (-oǰ)

Derived terms
  • ծըղխնիմ (cəłxnim)
  • ծխողնիմ (cxołnim)
  • ծղխնեմ (cłxnem)

Descendants
  • Armenian: ծխնի (cxni), (dialectal) ճխան (čxan), ճլխան (člxan)

References
  1. Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “ծղխնի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 463ab
  2. J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʿ lezvi patmutʿyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 439
  3. J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1990), “Hayereni anhayt cagman baṙarmatnerə [The Armenian Word Roots of Unknown Origin]”, in Patma-banasirakan handes [Historical-Philological Journal]‎ (in Armenian), issue 2, page 71
  4. Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 509, 951
  5. J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “ծղխնի”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 365a
  6. Martirosyan, Hrach (2016), “Mediterranean substrate words in Armenian: two etymologies”, in Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard Hansen, Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead, Thomas Olander & Birgit Anette Olsen, editors, Etymology and the European Lexicon. Proceedings of the 14th Fachtagung of the Indogermanische Gesellschaft, Copenhagen, 17-22 September 2012‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, pages 293–294
  7. Zōhrapean, Yovhannēs (1805) Astuacašunčʿ matean Hin ew Nor Ktakaranacʿ [Bible. Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments], volume III, Venice: S. Lazar, page 188
  8. Zōhrapean, Yovhannēs (1805) Astuacašunčʿ matean Hin ew Nor Ktakaranacʿ [Bible. Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments], volume II, Venice: S. Lazar, page 143
  9. Xalatʿeancʿ, Grigor (1899) Girkʿ mnacʿordacʿ əst hnagoyn hay tʿargmanutʿean [The Book of Chronicles according to the Oldest Armenian Translation], Moscow: Tparan Varvaṙē Gatcʿuk, page 40b

Further reading
  • Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836), “ծղխնի”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 1019b
  • Awgerean, Mkrtičʿ (1865), “ծղխնի”, in Aṙjeṙn baṙaran haykaznean lezui [Pocket Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), corrected and expanded by Grigor Čēlalean, 2nd edition, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 408b
  • J̌axǰaxean, Manuēl (1837), “ծղխնի”, in Baṙgirkʿ i barbaṙ hay ew italakan [Armenian–Italian Dictionary], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 727c
  • Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “ծղխնի”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 312a
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