מ־

See also: מ‎, ם‎, ־ם‎, מ׳‎, and Appendix:Variations of "m"

Hebrew

Etymology

From מִן‎ (min), by assimilation of the /n/ to the following consonant.

Pronunciation

Preposition

מִ־‎ • (mi-)

  1. From, of, from inside.
    1. Introducing a noun or other nominal.
      ‏יצאתי מהחדר.‎‎ ― yatzáti mehakhéder. ― I left [literally went out from] the room.
      ‏מתי מגיעה הטיסה מתל אביב?‎‎ ― matái magi'á hatisá mitel-avív? ― When does the flight from Tel Aviv arrive?
    2. Introducing a prepositional phrase or other adverbial.
      ‏הכרתי אותו מלפני הרבה שנים.‎‎ ― hikárti otó milifnéi harbé shaním. ― I've known him since many years ago [literally from before many years].
  2. Than, more than.
    ‏הוא יותר גבוה ממנה.‎‎ ― hu yotér gavóah miménah. ― He is taller than her [literally more tall than her].
    ‏הוא גבוה ממנה.‎‎ ― hu gavóah miménah. ― He is taller than her [literally tall than her].
  3. (in negative) Without, without the existence or presence of.
  4. Because of, due to, for.
    ‏רק מסיבה אחת הסכמתי: ביקשת.‎‎ ― rak misibá akhát hiskámti: bikásht(a). ― For only one reason did I agree to: you asked.
  5. Used to construe various verbs.
    ‏ביקשו ממך גם?‎‎ ― bikshú mimkhá/mimékh gam? ― Did they ask [literally ask from] you, too?
    ‏כולם מפחדים ממנו.‎‎ ― kulám m'fakh'dím miménu. ― Everyone is afraid of him/us.
    ‏ניסינו למנוע מזה לקרות.‎‎ ― nisínu limnóa mize likrót. ― We tried to prevent it from happening.
    ‏שכחנו מההצגה.‎‎ ― shakhákhnu mehahatzagá. ― We forgot about the play.

Usage notes
  • In writing with niqqud, the preposition מִ־‎ induces a dagesh forte (gemination) in the following consonant, unless that consonant is a guttural one, and thus, does not accept dagesh (i.e. א, ה, ח, ע, or ר), in which case the preposition becomes מֵ־‎ (me-), except before חוט‎ (khut, “thread”), חוץ‎ (khutz, “outside”), היות‎ (h'yot, “be”), where it remains מִ־‎. However, neither gemination nor the vowel change is ordinarily reflected in Modern Israeli Hebrew pronunciation.

Inflection
  • מִ־‎ shares its inflected forms with מִן‎ (min).
Inflection table
Non-personal-pronoun-including form מִ־, מֵ־‎ (mi-, mei-), מִן‎ (min)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms		 Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
First person מִמֶּנִּי‎ (miméni) מִמֶּנּוּ‎ (miménu),
מאיתנו \ מֵאִתָּנוּ‎ (mei'itánu)
Second person מִמְּךָ‎ (mim'khá) מִמֵּךְ‎ (mimékh) מִכֶּם‎ (mikém),
מִמְּכֶם‎ (mim'khém)1		 מִכֶּן‎ (mikén),
מִמְּכֶן‎ (mim'khén)1
Third person מִמֶּנּוּ‎ (miménu),
ממנו‎ (miméno)2		 מִמֶּנָּה‎ (miména) מֵהֶם‎ (meihém) מֵהֶן‎ (meihén)
Notes

1. The forms ממכם and ממכן are somewhat informal.
2. The pronunciation miméno is colloquial.

References
  • “מ־‎” in Abraham Even-Shoshan (אַבְרָהָם אֶבֶן־שֹׁשָן) et al., הַמִּלּוֹן הֶחָדָשׁ‎ (ha-milón he-khadásh, “The New Dictionary”), Kiryat-Sefer Ltd. (קִרְיַת־סֵפֶר בְּע״ם)‎ (1984), →ISBN, volume 2 of 3 (ל to צ), →ISBN, page 611.
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