اسم
Arabic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Semitic *šim-, from Proto-Afro-Asiatic *(ʔi-)sim- (“name”).
Noun
اِسْم • (ism) m (plural أَسْمَاء (ʾasmāʾ) or أَسَامٍ (ʾasāmin))
- name
- مَا اسْمُكَ؟ ― mā smuka ― What is your name?
- بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ ― bi-smi llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmi ― in the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate
- بِسْمِ ٱلْأَبِ وَٱلِٱبْنِ وَٱلرُّوحِ ٱلْقُدُسِ ― bi-smi l-ʾabi wа-l-ibni wа-r-rūḥi l-qudusi ― in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost
- appellation
- reputation, prestige
- (grammar) noun (a category above, including pronouns and adjectives, see the derived terms to get a picture of the usage)
Declension
Declension of noun اِسْم (ism)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | اِسْم ism |
الِاسْم al-ism |
اِسْم ism |
Nominative | اِسْمٌ ismun |
الِاسْمُ al-ismu |
اِسْمُ ismu |
Accusative | اِسْمًا isman |
الِاسْمَ al-isma |
اِسْمَ isma |
Genitive | اِسْمٍ ismin |
الِاسْمِ al-ismi |
اِسْمِ ismi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | اِسْمَيْن ismayn |
الِاسْمَيْن al-ismayn |
اِسْمَيْ ismay |
Nominative | اِسْمَانِ ismāni |
الِاسْمَانِ al-ismāni |
اِسْمَا ismā |
Accusative | اِسْمَيْنِ ismayni |
الِاسْمَيْنِ al-ismayni |
اِسْمَيْ ismay |
Genitive | اِسْمَيْنِ ismayni |
الِاسْمَيْنِ al-ismayni |
اِسْمَيْ ismay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَسْمَاء; أَسَامِي ʾasmāʾ; ʾasāmī |
الْأَسْمَاء; الْأَسَامِي al-ʾasmāʾ; al-ʾasāmī |
أَسْمَاء; أَسَامِي ʾasmāʾ; ʾasāmī |
Nominative | أَسْمَاءٌ; أَسَامٍ ʾasmāʾun; ʾasāmin |
الْأَسْمَاءُ; الْأَسَامِي al-ʾasmāʾu; al-ʾasāmī |
أَسْمَاءُ; أَسَامِي ʾasmāʾu; ʾasāmī |
Accusative | أَسْمَاءً; أَسَامِيَ ʾasmāʾan; ʾasāmiya |
الْأَسْمَاءَ; الْأَسَامِيَ al-ʾasmāʾa; al-ʾasāmiya |
أَسْمَاءَ; أَسَامِيَ ʾasmāʾa; ʾasāmiya |
Genitive | أَسْمَاءٍ; أَسَامٍ ʾasmāʾin; ʾasāmin |
الْأَسْمَاءِ; الْأَسَامِي al-ʾasmāʾi; al-ʾasāmī |
أَسْمَاءِ; أَسَامِي ʾasmāʾi; ʾasāmī |
Derived terms
- اِسْم فَاعِل (ism fāʿil, “participium activum”)
- اِسْم مَفْعُول (ism mafʿūl, “participium passivum”)
- اِسْم تَفْضِيل (ism tafḍīl, “elativus”)
- اِسْم جِنْس (ism jins, “nomen appellativum”)
- اِسْم عَلَم (ism ʿalam, “nomen proprium”)
- اِسْم جِنْس إِفْرَادِيّ (ism jins ʾifrādiyy)
- اِسْم جِنْس جَمْعِيّ (ism jins jamʿiyy)
- اِسْم جَمْع (ism jamʿ, “nomen generis”)
- اِسْم وَحْدَة (ism waḥda, “nomen unitatis”)
- اِسْم مَكَان (ism makān, “nomen loci”)
- اِسْم زَمَان (ism zamān, “nomen temporis”)
- اِسْم آلَة (ism ʾāla, “nomen instrumenti”)
- اِسْم وِعَاء (ism wiʿāʾ, “nomen vasis”)
- اِسْم مَرَّة (ism marra, “nomen vicis”)
- اِسْم هَيْئَة (ism hayʾa, “nomen speciei”)
- اِسْم نَوْع (ism nawʿ, “nomen speciei”)
- اِسْم مَقْصُور (ism maqṣūr, “noun ending in ى or ا”)
- اِسْم مَنْقُوص (ism manqūṣ, “noun ending in ـٍ (-in)”)
- اَلْأَسْمَاء الْخَمْسَة (al-ʾasmāʾ al-ḵamsa, “the five nouns”)
- اِسْم اِسْتِفْهَام (ism istifhām, “pronomen interrogativum”)
- اِسْم إِشَارَة (ism ʾišāra, “pronomen demonstrativum”)
- اِسْم مَوْصُول (ism mawṣūl, “pronomen relativum”)
- اِسْم عَدَد (ism ʿadad, “nomen numeri”)
- اِسْم تَصْغِير (ism taṣḡīr, “nomen deminutivum”)
- اِسْمِيّ (ismiyy, “nominal, titular”)
- سَمَّى (sammā, “to name”)
- أَسْمَى (ʾasmā, “to name”)
Descendants
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /us.mu/
Further reading
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “اسم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 359–360
- Carter, Michael George (2017), “The Seven Deadly Sins of Arabic Studies”, in Manuel Sartori, Manuela E. B. Giolfo, Philippe Cassuto, editors, Approaches to the History and Dialectology of Arabic in Honor of Pierre Larcher (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 88), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 519–521
- Kasher, Almog (1 October 2009), “Term Ism in Medieval Arabic Grammatical Tradition: A Hyponym of Itself”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, Oxford Academix, retrieved 26 October 2018
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “سم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Azerbaijani
Hijazi Arabic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /isim/, [e̞se̞m]
Malay
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Arabic اِسْم (ism), from Proto-Semitic *šim-.
Pronunciation
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /isem/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /isɪm/
- Rhymes: -isem, -sem, -em
Ottoman Turkish
Persian
Etymology
From Arabic اِسْم (ism), from Proto-Semitic *šim-.
Noun
Dari Persian | اسم |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | اسم |
Tajiki Persian | исм (ism) |
اسم • (esm) (plural اسمها (esm-hâ) or اسامی (asâmi))
Hyponyms
- (grammar): اسم خاص
Tunisian Arabic
Noun
اِسْمْ (ʾism) m
- name
- شِسْمِكْ ؟
- šismik
- What's your name?
- noun
- title
- مَا خْتَارِشْ اِسْمْ بَاهِي لِكْتَابُو
- mā ḫtāriš ʾism bāhī liktābū
- He didn't choose a good title for his book
- first name
Urdu
Etymology 1
Borrowing from Sanskrit [Term?].
Etymology 2
Ultimately from Arabic اِسْم (ism), from Proto-Semitic *šim-.
Synonyms
- نام (nām)
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