دين

A historically conflated term derived from multiple layers of phono-semantic matching:

• Initially stemming from Proto-Semitic *dVn- (“obligated conduct; decisions of morality or ethics, judgement, decree, ruling”), where in Arabia it took specifically the foremost connotation of obligations, duty, what is expected or owed; hence also the sense of a monetary debt along with that which is owed to society ethically.
• Cognate terms in other Semitic languages also came with a more developed legal sense, rulings, a set of obligations, a law code; these senses were bolstered semantically borrowing from Aramaic דִּינָא‎ (dīnā), Classical Syriac ܕܺܝܢܳܐ‎ (dīnā, “judgement”),Hebrew דִּין‎ (din), Ge'ez ደይን (däyn, “judgement”), which likely had their specified development from Akkadian 𒁲 (/dēnu, dīnu/, “judgement, decision, verdict; legal practice, article of law, precedent; lawsuit, claim, legal case; court conduct, procedures, rule of law”).
• The sense of religious creed or a system of religious rules is borrowed directly from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭩𐭭‎ (dēn), which is from Old Persian [script needed] (dēn) which underwent influence from Akkadian when the Achaemenid Empire incorporated its Semitic kingdoms; the term already having a predecessor with a religious sense in Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁‎ (daēnā), which is possibly from Elamite 𒁲𒂊𒉡 (/dēn/), itself potentially developing from the Akkadian legal sense; religious obligation to deities, the system or conduct of the priesthood regarding divinities.
• The Qurʾān and later Islamic scholarship adds an additional layer of phono-semantic matching, melding the native significances with the connotations imparted by the languages of their neighbors, both from the Semitic family and those not.

• IPA^(key): /diːn/

دِين • (dīn) m (plural أَدْيَان‎ (ʾadyān))

1. (countable, uncountable) religion, creed, credo, faith, conviction, belief, tenet, rite
2. (uncountable, verbal noun) conformism, conformance, conformity, compliance, fealty, obedience; God-fearingness, godliness, religiosity, devoutness
3. law, obligations, duty
4. custom, habit

   ‏لَيْسَ هَٰذَا مِنْ دِينِي وَلَا دَيْدَنِي‎

   laysa hāḏā min dīnī walā daydanī

   This is not according to my habit nor to my wont.

5. judgement, decision, ruling
   1. (rare) requital, compensation, indemnification
   2. (rare) credit, obligation, account, falling due of a debt

• دِينِيّ‎ (dīniyy)
• يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ‎ (yawmu d-dīni, “day of judgment”)
• صَلَاح الدِّين‎ (ṣalāḥ ad-dīn, “Saladin”)
• عَلَاء الدِّين‎‎ (ʿalāʾ ad-dīn, “Aladdin”)

• دَيَّان‎ (dayyān)
• دِيَانَة‎ (diyāna)
• دِينِيّ‎ (dīniyy)
• مُتَدَيِّن‎ (mutadayyin)
• مُتَدَيِّنَة‎ (mutadayyina)

• → Azerbaijani: din
• → Avar: дин (din)
• → Bashkir: дин (din)
• → Chechen: дин (din)
• → Chuvash: тӗн (tĕn)
• → Crimean Tatar: din
• → Hindi: दीन (dīn)
• → Indonesian: din
• → Kurdish:

  → Northern Kurdish: dîn

  → Central Kurdish: دین‎ (dîn)

• → Kazakh: дін (din)
• → Kyrgyz: дин (din)
• → Malay: din
• → Pashto: دين‎ (din)
• → Persian: دین‎ (din)
• → Ossetian: дин (din)
• → Santali: ᱫᱤᱱ (din)
• → Swahili: dini
• → Tajik: дин (din)
• → Tatar: дин (din)
• → Turkish: din
• → Turkmen: din
• → Uyghur: دىن‎ (din)
• → Urdu: دین‎ (dīn)
• → Uzbek: din

From the verb دَانَ‎ (dāna, “to hold religion”).

• IPA^(key): /daj.jin/

دَيِّن • (dayyin) (feminine دَيِّنَة‎ (dayyina), masculine plural دَيِّنُونَ‎ (dayyinūna), feminine plural دَيِّنَات‎ (dayyināt))

1. religious, pious, godly, God-fearing, devout

Causative of the verb دَانَ‎ (dāna, “to be a debtor”) from the د ي ن‎ (d-y-n).

• IPA^(key): /daj.ja.na/

دَيَّنَ • (dayyana) II, non-past يُدَيِّنُ‎‎ (yudayyinu)

1. to loan, to lend, to advance

• إِدَانَة‎ (ʾidāna)
• اِسْتِدَانَة‎ (istidāna)
• دَائِن‎ (dāʾin)
• دَيْنُونَة‎ (daynūna)
• مُدَان‎ (mudān)
• مَدِين‎ (madīn)
• مُدِين‎ (mudīn)
• مَدْيُون‎ (madyūn)
• مَدْيُونِيَّة‎ (madyūniyya, “indebtedness”)

From the root د ي ن‎ (d-y-n).

• IPA^(key): /dajn/
• (Egypt) IPA^(key): /deːn/

دَيْن • (dayn) m (plural دُيُون‎ (duyūn) or أَدْيُن‎ (ʾadyun))

1. verbal noun of دَانَ‎ (dāna) (form I)
2. debt, debit, liability, pecuniary, obligation, financial claim

   Synonyms: سَلَف‎ (salaf), قَرْض‎ (qarḍ)

See the etymology of the main entry.

• IPA^(key): /diː.na/

دِينَ • (dīna) (form I)

1. third-person masculine singular past passive of دَانَ‎ (dāna)

• Badawi, Elsaid M.; Abdel Haleem, Muhammad (2008), “د/ي/ن d-y-n”, in Arabic-English Dictionary of Qurʾanic Usage (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 85), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 320–321
• Cheung, Johnny (2017) On the (Middle) Iranian borrowings in Qurʾānic (and pre-Islamic) Arabic‎, Leiden: Leiden University, page 9
• Corriente, Federico (2005), “دين”, in Diccionario avanzado árabe (in Spanish), volume I, 2nd edition, Barcelona: Herder, page 387
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “دين”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 482
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938), “دِين”, in The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 131 seqq.
• Freytag, Georg (1833), “دين”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 76–77
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “دين”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 758
• Lane, Edward William (1863), “دين”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 943–944
• Leslau, Wolf (1991), “የነደ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 146
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “دين”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, pages 381–382
• Wahrmund, Adolf (1887), “دين”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache (in German), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 698
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “دين”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 353
• Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “دين”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 423