قد
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ق د د (q-d-d). Cognate to Hebrew קָדַד (qāḏaḏ), Aramaic קָדַד (qāḏaḏ, “to cut out”), Classical Syriac ܩܰܕ (qadd, “to tear or cut away”), Ge'ez ቀደ (ḳäddä, “to cut open, to tear apart”), Mehri ḳdd (“to shave off, to cut off, to scalp”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /qad.da/
Audio (file)
Verb
قَدَّ • (qadda) I, non-past يَقُدُّ (yaquddu)
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
قَدّ qadd | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
qādd | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَقْدُود maqdūd | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | qadadtu |
qadadta |
قَدَّ qadda |
قَدَدْتُمَا qadadtumā |
قَدَّا qaddā |
qadadnā |
qadadtum |
qaddū | |||
f | qadadti |
qaddat |
قَدَّتَا qaddatā |
qadadtunna |
qadadna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾaquddu |
taquddu |
yaquddu |
تَقُدَّانِ taquddāni |
يَقُدَّانِ yaquddāni |
naquddu |
taquddūna |
yaquddūna | |||
f | taquddīna |
taquddu |
تَقُدَّانِ taquddāni |
taqdudna |
yaqdudna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾaqudda |
taqudda |
yaqudda |
تَقُدَّا taquddā |
يَقُدَّا yaquddā |
naqudda |
تَقُدُّوا taquddū |
يَقُدُّوا yaquddū | |||
f | taquddī |
taqudda |
تَقُدَّا taquddā |
taqdudna |
yaqdudna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾaqudda or ʾaquddi or ʾaqdud |
taqudda or taquddi or taqdud |
yaqudda or yaquddi or yaqdud |
تَقُدَّا taquddā |
يَقُدَّا yaquddā |
naqudda or naquddi or naqdud |
تَقُدُّوا taquddū |
يَقُدُّوا yaquddū | |||
f | taquddī |
taqudda or taquddi or taqdud |
تَقُدَّا taquddā |
taqdudna |
yaqdudna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | qudda or quddi or uqdud |
قُدَّا quddā |
quddū |
||||||||
f | quddī |
uqdudna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | qudidtu |
qudidta |
قُدَّ qudda |
قُدِدْتُمَا qudidtumā |
قُدَّا quddā |
qudidnā |
qudidtum |
quddū | |||
f | qudidti |
quddat |
قُدَّتَا quddatā |
qudidtunna |
qudidna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾuqaddu |
tuqaddu |
yuqaddu |
تُقَدَّانِ tuqaddāni |
يُقَدَّانِ yuqaddāni |
nuqaddu |
tuqaddūna |
yuqaddūna | |||
f | tuqaddīna |
tuqaddu |
تُقَدَّانِ tuqaddāni |
tuqdadna |
yuqdadna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾuqadda |
tuqadda |
yuqadda |
تُقَدَّا tuqaddā |
يُقَدَّا yuqaddā |
nuqadda |
تُقَدُّوا tuqaddū |
يُقَدُّوا yuqaddū | |||
f | tuqaddī |
tuqadda |
تُقَدَّا tuqaddā |
tuqdadna |
yuqdadna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾuqadda or ʾuqaddi or ʾuqdad |
tuqadda or tuqaddi or tuqdad |
yuqadda or yuqaddi or yuqdad |
تُقَدَّا tuqaddā |
يُقَدَّا yuqaddā |
nuqadda or nuqaddi or nuqdad |
تُقَدُّوا tuqaddū |
يُقَدُّوا yuqaddū | |||
f | tuqaddī |
tuqadda or tuqaddi or tuqdad |
تُقَدَّا tuqaddā |
tuqdadna |
yuqdadna |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /qadd/
Noun
قَدّ • (qadd) m (plural قِدَاد (qidād) or قُدُود (qudūd) or أَقُدّ (ʾaqudd) or أَقِدَّة (ʾaqidda))
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | قَدّ qadd |
الْقَدّ al-qadd |
قَدّ qadd |
Nominative | قَدٌّ qaddun |
الْقَدُّ al-qaddu |
قَدُّ qaddu |
Accusative | قَدًّا qaddan |
الْقَدَّ al-qadda |
قَدَّ qadda |
Genitive | قَدٍّ qaddin |
الْقَدِّ al-qaddi |
قَدِّ qaddi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | قَدَّيْن qaddayn |
الْقَدَّيْن al-qaddayn |
قَدَّيْ qadday |
Nominative | قَدَّانِ qaddāni |
الْقَدَّانِ al-qaddāni |
قَدَّا qaddā |
Accusative | قَدَّيْنِ qaddayni |
الْقَدَّيْنِ al-qaddayni |
قَدَّيْ qadday |
Genitive | قَدَّيْنِ qaddayni |
الْقَدَّيْنِ al-qaddayni |
قَدَّيْ qadday |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | قِدَاد; قُدُود; أَقُدّ; أَقِدَّة qidād; qudūd; ʾaqudd; ʾaqidda |
الْقِدَاد; الْقُدُود; الْأَقُدّ; الْأَقِدَّة al-qidād; al-qudūd; al-ʾaqudd; al-ʾaqidda |
قِدَاد; قُدُود; أَقُدّ; أَقِدَّة qidād; qudūd; ʾaqudd; ʾaqiddat |
Nominative | قِدَادٌ; قُدُودٌ; أَقُدٌّ; أَقِدَّةٌ qidādun; qudūdun; ʾaquddun; ʾaqiddatun |
الْقِدَادُ; الْقُدُودُ; الْأَقُدُّ; الْأَقِدَّةُ al-qidādu; al-qudūdu; al-ʾaquddu; al-ʾaqiddatu |
قِدَادُ; قُدُودُ; أَقُدُّ; أَقِدَّةُ qidādu; qudūdu; ʾaquddu; ʾaqiddatu |
Accusative | قِدَادًا; قُدُودًا; أَقُدًّا; أَقِدَّةً qidādan; qudūdan; ʾaquddan; ʾaqiddatan |
الْقِدَادَ; الْقُدُودَ; الْأَقُدَّ; الْأَقِدَّةَ al-qidāda; al-qudūda; al-ʾaqudda; al-ʾaqiddata |
قِدَادَ; قُدُودَ; أَقُدَّ; أَقِدَّةَ qidāda; qudūda; ʾaqudda; ʾaqiddata |
Genitive | قِدَادٍ; قُدُودٍ; أَقُدٍّ; أَقِدَّةٍ qidādin; qudūdin; ʾaquddin; ʾaqiddatin |
الْقِدَادِ; الْقُدُودِ; الْأَقُدِّ; الْأَقِدَّةِ al-qidādi; al-qudūdi; al-ʾaquddi; al-ʾaqiddati |
قِدَادِ; قُدُودِ; أَقُدِّ; أَقِدَّةِ qidādi; qudūdi; ʾaquddi; ʾaqiddati |
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “قد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “قد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Etymology 3
From the root ق د د (q-d-d) in the sense of being a thing separated or cut apart, a thing distinct with its own measure and shape, a defined piece; extended semantically to a secure definite thing, a certainty, hence the past tense implying a thing has already been set or definitive.
The non-past tense stems from the idea of something intended, likely expected, planned to be, measured to occur, or cut out to happen.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /qad/
Particle
قَدْ • (qad)
- (preceding a verb in the past tense) Imparts a present perfect or pluperfect sense, emphasizing that the action has been completed.
- قَدْ وَصَلَ ― qad waṣala ― he has [already] arrived, he has [definitely] arrived; he had arrived
- (preceding a verb in the non-past tense) Expresses a possibility, like English may.
- قَدْ يَكُونُ كَذٰلِكَ ― qad yakūnu kaḏālika ― it may be so
References
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “قد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Etymology 4
Borrowed from English cod, as the range of the fish does not overlap with typical Arabic-speaking areas; compare קוד (kod, “cod”). Compare also its other names مُورَة (mūra, “cod”) borrowed from morue, and غادُس (ḡādus, “cod”) borrowed from gadus (“generic term for fish; cod”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /qudd/
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | قُدّ qudd |
الْقُدّ al-qudd |
قُدّ qudd |
Nominative | قُدٌّ quddun |
الْقُدُّ al-quddu |
قُدُّ quddu |
Accusative | قُدًّا quddan |
الْقُدَّ al-qudda |
قُدَّ qudda |
Genitive | قُدٍّ quddin |
الْقُدِّ al-quddi |
قُدِّ quddi |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /qud/
References
- “qdd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “قد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 404
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “قد”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 682
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “قد”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1003
Persian
Synonyms
- (archaic) بشن (bašn)
Related terms
- قد بلند (qad-e boland)
- قد کوتاه (qad-e kutâh)