ḫpr

See also: hPR

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to come into being, to start to exist [since the Pyramid Texts]
  2. (intransitive) to come to exist or take place (in the currently relevant context); to occur, to happen, to appear, to arise [since the Pyramid Texts]
    • c. 1600 BCE, Westcar Papyrus, column 4, line 18:[2]





      ḏj.j sḏm ḥm.k bjꜣyt ḫprt […]
      I will let Your Majesty hear a wonder that happened […]
  3. (intransitive) to evolve, to develop (+ m: to develop into, to become) [since the Pyramid Texts]
  4. (intransitive, of time) to come, to arrive

Inflection
Conjugation of ḫpr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫpr, geminated stem: ḫprr
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḫpr
 ḫprw, ḫpr
 ḫprt
 ḫpr
 ḫpr
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḫpr
 ḥr ḫpr
 m ḫpr
 r ḫpr
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect ḫpr.n
 consecutive ḫpr.jn
terminative ḫprt
perfective3 ḫpr
 obligative ḫpr.ḫr
imperfective ḫpr
prospective3 ḫpr
 potentialis ḫpr.kꜣ
subjunctive ḫpr
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect ḫpr.n
 — —
perfective ḫpr
 ḫpr
 ḫpr, ḫprw5, ḫpry5
imperfective ḫpr, ḫpry, ḫprw5
 ḫpr, ḫprj6, ḫpry6
 ḫpr, ḫprw5
prospective ḫpr, ḫprtj7
 ḫprtj4, ḫprt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫpr  

ḫpr ḫpr

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲱⲡⲉ (xōpe)
  • Bohairic and Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲱⲡⲓ (šōpi)
  • Dialect P Coptic: ⳋⲱⲡⲉ (çōpe)
  • Proto-Lycopolitan Coptic: ⳃⲱⲡⲉ (çōpe)
  • Sahidic and Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲱⲡⲉ (šōpe)

References
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
  • von Beckerath, Jürgen (1995) “Ḫpr/ḫpr(w)/ḫpr(w)w in den Königsnamen des Neuen Reiches nach griechischer Überlieferung” in Divitiae aegypti: Koptologische und verwandte Studien zu Ehren von Martin Krause, edited by Cäcilia Fluck, Lucia Langener, Siegfried Richter, Sofia Schaten, and Gregor Wurst. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. 15–18.
  • Atiya, Aziz Suryal, editor (1991), “Protodialect”, in The Coptic Encyclopedia, New York: Macmillan, →ISBN
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 84
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (2001) “From Ancient Egyptian to Coptic” in Haspelmath, Martin et al. (eds.), Language Typology and Language Universals.
  2. Nederhof, Mark-Jan, Papyrus Westcar, page 14
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