ἐλαχύς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἔλαχος (élakhos)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁léngʰus (“light”). Cognates include Sanskrit लघु (laghu), Latin levis, Old Church Slavonic льгъкъ (lĭgŭkŭ), Old English lēoht (English light).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.la.kʰýs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɛ.laˈkʰys/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.laˈxys/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.laˈçys/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.laˈçis/

Adjective

ἐλᾰχῠ́ς • (elakhús) m (feminine ἐλᾰ́χειᾰ, neuter ἐλᾰχῠ́); first/third declension

small, short, mean, little
- 7th-6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 197:
  τῇσι μὲν οὔτ᾽ αἰσχρὴ μεταμέλπεται οὔτ᾽ ἐλάχεια, ἀλλὰ μάλα μεγάλη τε ἰδεῖν καὶ εἶδος ἀγητή
  têisi mèn oút᾽ aiskhrḕ metamélpetai oút᾽ elákheia, allà mála megálē te ideîn kaì eîdos agētḗ
  And among them sings one, not mean nor puny, but tall to look upon and enviable in mien.

Inflection

First and third declension of ἐλᾰχῠ́ς; ἐλᾰ́χειᾰ; ἐλᾰχῠ́ (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἐλᾰχῠ́ς elakhús	ἐλᾰ́χειᾰ elákheia	ἐλᾰχῠ́ elakhú	ἐλᾰχέε elakhée	ἐλᾰχείᾱ elakheíā	ἐλᾰχέε elakhée	ἐλᾰχεῖς elakheîs	ἐλᾰ́χειαι elákheiai	ἐλᾰχέᾰ elakhéa
Genitive	ἐλᾰχέως elakhéōs	ἐλᾰχείᾱς elakheíās	ἐλᾰχέως elakhéōs	ἐλᾰχέοιν elakhéoin	ἐλᾰχείαιν elakheíain	ἐλᾰχέοιν elakhéoin	ἐλᾰχέων elakhéōn	ἐλᾰχειῶν elakheiôn	ἐλᾰχέων elakhéōn
Dative	ἐλᾰχεῖ elakheî	ἐλᾰχείᾳ elakheíāi	ἐλᾰχεῖ elakheî	ἐλᾰχέοιν elakhéoin	ἐλᾰχείαιν elakheíain	ἐλᾰχέοιν elakhéoin	ἐλᾰχέσῐ / ἐλᾰχέσῐν elakhési(n)	ἐλᾰχείαις elakheíais	ἐλᾰχέσῐ / ἐλᾰχέσῐν elakhési(n)
Accusative	ἐλᾰχῠ́ν elakhún	ἐλᾰ́χειᾰν elákheian	ἐλᾰχῠ́ elakhú	ἐλᾰχέε elakhée	ἐλᾰχείᾱ elakheíā	ἐλᾰχέε elakhée	ἐλᾰχεῖς elakheîs	ἐλᾰχείᾱς elakheíās	ἐλᾰχέᾰ elakhéa
Vocative	ἐλᾰχῠ́ elakhú	ἐλᾰ́χειᾰ elákheia	ἐλᾰχῠ́ elakhú	ἐλᾰχέε elakhée	ἐλᾰχείᾱ elakheíā	ἐλᾰχέε elakhée	ἐλᾰχεῖς elakheîs	ἐλᾰ́χειαι elákheiai	ἐλᾰχέᾰ elakhéa
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ἐλᾰχέως elakhéōs			ἐλάσσων elássōn			ἐλᾰ́χιστος elákhistos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and third declension of ἐλᾰχῠ́ς; ἐλᾰ́χεᾰ; ἐλᾰχῠ́ (Ionic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἐλᾰχῠ́ς elakhús	ἐλᾰ́χεᾰ elákhea	ἐλᾰχῠ́ elakhú	ἐλᾰχέε elakhée	ἐλᾰχείᾱ elakheíā	ἐλᾰχέε elakhée	ἐλᾰχεῖς elakheîs	ἐλᾰ́χεαι elákheai	ἐλᾰχέᾰ elakhéa
Genitive	ἐλᾰχέος elakhéos	ἐλᾰχείης elakheíēs	ἐλᾰχέος elakhéos	ἐλᾰχέοιν elakhéoin	ἐλᾰχείαιν elakheíain	ἐλᾰχέοιν elakhéoin	ἐλᾰχέων elakhéōn	ἐλᾰχειέων / ἐλᾰχειῶν elakheiéōn / elakheiôn	ἐλᾰχέων elakhéōn
Dative	ἐλᾰχεῖ elakheî	ἐλᾰχείῃ elakheíēi	ἐλᾰχεῖ elakheî	ἐλᾰχέοιν elakhéoin	ἐλᾰχείαιν elakheíain	ἐλᾰχέοιν elakhéoin	ἐλᾰχέσῐ / ἐλᾰχέσῐν elakhési(n)	ἐλᾰχείῃσῐ / ἐλᾰχείῃσῐν elakheíēisi(n)	ἐλᾰχέσῐ / ἐλᾰχέσῐν elakhési(n)
Accusative	ἐλᾰχῠ́ν elakhún	ἐλᾰ́χεᾰν elákhean	ἐλᾰχῠ́ elakhú	ἐλᾰχέε elakhée	ἐλᾰχείᾱ elakheíā	ἐλᾰχέε elakhée	ἐλᾰχέᾰς elakhéas	ἐλᾰχείᾱς elakheíās	ἐλᾰχέᾰ elakhéa
Vocative	ἐλᾰχῠ́ elakhú	ἐλᾰ́χεᾰ elákhea	ἐλᾰχῠ́ elakhú	ἐλᾰχέε elakhée	ἐλᾰχείᾱ elakheíā	ἐλᾰχέε elakhée	ἐλᾰχεῖς elakheîs	ἐλᾰ́χεαι elákheai	ἐλᾰχέᾰ elakhéa
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ἐλᾰχέως elakhéōs			ἐλάσσων elássōn			ἐλᾰ́χιστος elákhistos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

This is one of the two adjectives in -ύς, -εῖα, -ύ, along with λιγύς (ligús), that have a recessive accent in the feminine. See also θῆλυς (thêlus), ἥμισυς (hḗmisus).

Synonyms

βαιός (baiós)
βραχύς (brakhús)
ἠβαιός (ēbaiós)
μικρός (mikrós)
ὀλίγος (olígos)
παῦρος (paûros)
τυτθός (tutthós)

Derived terms

ἐλαχύνωτος (elakhúnōtos)
ἐλαχυπτέρυξ (elakhuptérux)

References

ἐλαχύς in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ἐλαχύς in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ἐλαχύς in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἐλαχύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἐλαχύς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)

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