ἔφαγον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂g-, zero-grade of *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute”) with a semantic shift “*I received a share” → “*I consumed” → “I ate”. Compare also βαγαῖος (bagaîos).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /é.pʰa.ɡon/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.pʰa.ɡon/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ɸa.ɣon/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.fa.ɣon/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.fa.ɣon/

Verb

ἔφᾰγον • (éphagon)

I ate, devoured

Inflection

No present tense, except for φαγεῖ (phageî) and φαγέοις (phagéois) in later Greek. Generally suppleted with ἐσθίω (esthíō) and ἔδω (édō). Also see τρώγω (trṓgō).

Aorist: ἔφαγον, ἐφαγόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔφαγον	ἔφαγες	ἔφαγε(ν)	ἐφάγετον	ἐφαγέτην	ἐφάγομεν	ἐφάγετε	ἔφαγον
	subjunctive	φάγω	φάγῃς	φάγῃ	φάγητον	φάγητον	φάγωμεν	φάγητε	φάγωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φάγοιμῐ	φάγοις	φάγοι	φάγοιτον	φαγοίτην	φάγοιμεν	φάγοιτε	φάγοιεν
	imperative		φᾶγε	φαγέτω	φάγετον	φαγέτων		φάγετε	φαγόντων
middle	indicative	ἐφαγόμην	ἐφάγου	ἐφάγετο	ἐφάγεσθον	ἐφαγέσθην	ἐφαγόμεθᾰ	ἐφάγεσθε	ἐφάγοντο
	subjunctive	φάγωμαι	φάγῃ	φάγηται	φάγησθον	φάγησθον	φαγώμεθᾰ	φάγησθε	φάγωνται
	optative	φαγοίμην	φάγοιο	φάγοιτο	φάγοισθον	φαγοίσθην	φαγοίμεθᾰ	φάγοισθε	φάγοιντο
	imperative		φαγοῦ	φαγέσθω	φάγεσθον	φαγέσθων		φάγεσθε	φαγέσθων
		active			middle
infinitive		φαγεῖν			φαγέσθαι
participle	m	φαγών			φαγόμενος
	f	φαγοῦσᾰ			φαγομένη
	n	φαγόν			φαγόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: φάγομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	φάγομαι	φάγῃ, φάγει	φάγεται	φάγεσθον	φάγεσθον	φαγόμεθᾰ	φάγεσθε	φάγονται
middle	optative	φαγοίμην	φάγοιο	φάγοιτο	φάγοισθον	φαγοίσθην	φαγοίμεθᾰ	φάγοισθε	φάγοιντο
					middle
infinitive					φάγεσθαι
participle	m				φαγόμενος
	f				φαγομένη
	n				φαγόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

φάγος (phágos), -φάγος (-phágos)

Descendants

Greek: έφαγα (éfaga) (perfective forms of τρώω (tróo))

References

ἔφαγον in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ἔφαγον in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἔφαγον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ἔφαγον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G5315 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 1543

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