ἤπειρος

See also: ήπειρος, Ήπειρος, and Ἤπειρος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ᾱ̓́πειρος (ā́peiros) – Doric
ἄπερρος (áperrhos) – Aeolic

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *ā́peryos, from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₂per- (Beekes) or *h₂eh₁/h₂per-io- (Kroonen). Cognates include Proto-Germanic *ōferaz and possibly Old Armenian ափն (apʿn); see those for more. If the appurtenance of Armenian is accepted, we may be dealing with a heteroclitic r/n-stem.

According to Specht apud Olsen, this Indo-European root is a vrddhi derivative from the etymon of Sanskrit अपर (ápara, “posterior, later, latter”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɛ̌ː.peː.ros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.pi.ros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.pi.ros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.pi.ros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.pi.ros/

Noun

ἤπειρος • (ḗpeiros) f (genitive ἠπείρου); second declension

mainland, land
The mainland of Greece
continent
inland areas (as opposed to coastal areas)

Inflection

Second declension of ἡ ἤπειρος; τῆς ἠπείρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ἤπειρος hē ḗpeiros	τὼ ἠπείρω tṑ ēpeírō	αἱ ἤπειροι hai ḗpeiroi
Genitive	τῆς ἠπείρου tês ēpeírou	τοῖν ἠπείροιν toîn ēpeíroin	τῶν ἠπείρων tôn ēpeírōn
Dative	τῇ ἠπείρῳ têi ēpeírōi	τοῖν ἠπείροιν toîn ēpeíroin	ταῖς ἠπείροις taîs ēpeírois
Accusative	τὴν ἤπειρον tḕn ḗpeiron	τὼ ἠπείρω tṑ ēpeírō	τᾱ̀ς ἠπείρους tā̀s ēpeírous
Vocative	ἤπειρε ḗpeire	ἠπείρω ēpeírō	ἤπειροι ḗpeiroi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

Greek: ήπειρος (ípeiros)