ἶρις

See also: ίρις and Ἶρις

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), then from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁i- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). Cognates include English wire, Swedish vira (“to twist”), Latin vieō (“weave together”), Welsh gŵyr (“bent”).

Pronunciation
 

Noun

ἶρις • (îris) f (genitive ῑ̓́ρῐδος); third declension

  1. rainbow
  2. halo
  3. various species of the genus Iris

Declension
Third declension of ἡ ἶρῐς; τῆς ῑ̓́ρῐδος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ ἶρῐς
hē îris		 τὼ ῑ̓́ρῐδε
tṑ ī́ride		 αἱ ῑ̓́ρῐδες
hai ī́rides
Genitive τῆς ῑ̓́ρῐδος
tês ī́ridos		 τοῖν ῑ̓ρῐ́δοιν
toîn īrídoin		 τῶν ῑ̓ρῐ́δων
tôn īrídōn
Dative τῇ ῑ̓́ρῐδῐ
têi ī́ridi		 τοῖν ῑ̓ρῐ́δοιν
toîn īrídoin		 ταῖς ῑ̓́ρῐσῐ / ῑ̓́ρῐσῐν
taîs ī́risi(n)
Accusative τὴν ῑ̓́ρῐδᾰ
tḕn ī́rida		 τὼ ῑ̓́ρῐδε
tṑ ī́ride		 τᾱ̀ς ῑ̓́ρῐδᾰς
tā̀s ī́ridas
Vocative ἶρῐς
îris		 ῑ̓́ρῐδε
ī́ride		 ῑ̓́ρῐδες
ī́rides
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
  • Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Derived terms

Further reading
  • ἶρις in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • ἶρις in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.

Greek

Noun

ἶρις • (ἶris)

  1. Polytonic spelling of ίρις (íris)
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