Ὠκεανός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Of uncertain origin. Generally acknowledged to be a non-Indo-European loan. A possible relationship with the Semitic root ʕ-w-g "to be crooked, tortuous" has been discussed.[1] Another possibility includes a derivation from non-attested Sumerian *A-ki-an(u) (Water of the Land and Heaven).[2]
Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek *ūkʲān-.[3] Michael Janda has reminded the scientific community of an earlier comparison[4] with the Vedic dragon Vṛtra's attribute āśáyāna- “lying on [the waters]”, claiming it to be an exact phonetical transposition of the Greek word, both stemming from Proto-Indo-European *ō-kei-m̥[h₁]no- (“lying on”), related to κεῖται (keîtai, “to lie”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɔː.ke.a.nós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /o.kɛ.aˈnos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /o.ke.aˈnos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /o.ce.aˈnos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /o.ce.aˈnos/
Proper noun
Ὠκεᾰνός • (Ōkeanós) m (genitive Ὠκεᾰνοῦ); second declension
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ Ὠκεᾰνός ho Ōkeanós |
τὼ Ὠκεᾰνώ tṑ Ōkeanṓ |
οἱ Ὠκεᾰνοί hoi Ōkeanoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ Ὠκεᾰνοῦ toû Ōkeanoû |
τοῖν Ὠκεᾰνοῖν toîn Ōkeanoîn |
τῶν Ὠκεᾰνῶν tôn Ōkeanôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ Ὠκεᾰνῷ tôi Ōkeanôi |
τοῖν Ὠκεᾰνοῖν toîn Ōkeanoîn |
τοῖς Ὠκεᾰνοῖς toîs Ōkeanoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν Ὠκεᾰνόν tòn Ōkeanón |
τὼ Ὠκεᾰνώ tṑ Ōkeanṓ |
τοὺς Ὠκεᾰνούς toùs Ōkeanoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | Ὠκεᾰνέ Ōkeané |
Ὠκεᾰνώ Ōkeanṓ |
Ὠκεᾰνοί Ōkeanoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Ὠκεᾰνός Ōkeanós |
Ὠκεᾰνώ Ōkeanṓ |
Ὠκεᾰνοί Ōkeanoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | Ὠκεᾰνοῦ / Ὠκεᾰνοῖο / Ὠκεᾰνόο Ōkeanoû / Ōkeanoîo / Ōkeanóo |
Ὠκεᾰνοῖῐν Ōkeanoîin |
Ὠκεᾰνῶν Ōkeanôn | ||||||||||
Dative | Ὠκεᾰνῷ Ōkeanôi |
Ὠκεᾰνοῖῐν Ōkeanoîin |
Ὠκεᾰνοῖσῐ / Ὠκεᾰνοῖσῐν / Ὠκεᾰνοῖς Ōkeanoîsi(n) / Ōkeanoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | Ὠκεᾰνόν Ōkeanón |
Ὠκεᾰνώ Ōkeanṓ |
Ὠκεᾰνούς Ōkeanoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | Ὠκεᾰνέ Ōkeané |
Ὠκεᾰνώ Ōkeanṓ |
Ὠκεᾰνοί Ōkeanoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
- Ὠκεᾰνῐ́ς (Ōkeanís)
Descendants
References
- Ὠκεανός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Ὠκεανός in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Ὠκεανός in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- Ὠκεανός in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,018
- Michael Janda: Die Musik nach dem Chaos. Der Schöpfungsmythos der europäischen Vorzeit. Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck 2010, p. 57 ff.
- Joaquín Sanmartín, Glossary of Old Syrian [GlOS] Preprint 7: ʔ - x(ḫ). Updated March 2016, p. 240
- Bernal, Martin: Black Athena: The archaeological and documentary evidence. Rutgers University Press, 1987, Chapter 7, page 301
- Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, p. 1677
- Traced back to Adalbert Kuhn, ὠκεανός, in: Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiet des Deutschen, Griechischen und Lateinischen, vol. 9 (1860), 240, who had refined an earlier suggestion by Theodor Benfey.
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