son

• sonne (obsolete)

• IPA^(key): /sʌn/

• Audio (UK)

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• Audio (US)

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• Rhymes: -ʌn
• Homophone: sun

From Middle English sonn, sone, sun, sune, from Old English sunu (“son”), from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to bear; give birth”). Cognate with Scots son (“son”), Saterland Frisian Suun (“son”), West Frisian soan (“son”), Dutch zoon (“son”), Afrikaans seun (“son”), Low German sone, son (“son”), German Sohn (“son”), Danish søn (“son”), Swedish son (“son”), Icelandic sonur (“son”), Lithuanian sūnùs (“son”), Russian сын (syn, “son”), Avestan 𐬵𐬏𐬥𐬎𐬱‎ (hūnuš, “son”), Sanskrit सूनु (sūnú, “son”), Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús), υἱός (huiós, “son”), Albanian çun (“lad, boy, son”), Armenian ուստր (ustr, “son”), Tocharian B soy, soṃśke (“son”).

son (plural sons)

1. One's male offspring.

   Before the birth of the man's child, he said: "I want a son, not a daughter."

2. A male adopted person in relation to his adoptive parents.
3. A male person who has such a close relationship with an older or otherwise more authoritative person that he can be regarded as a son of the other person.
4. A male person considered to have been significantly shaped by some external influence.

   He was a son of the mafia system.

5. A male descendant.

   The pharaohs were believed to be sons of the Sun.

6. A familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person.
   • 1984, Bruce Springsteen (music), “Working on the Highway”, in Born in the U.S.A.:

     Son, can't you see that she's just a little girl?

7. (Britain, colloquial) An informal address to a friend or person of equal authority.

• See also Thesaurus:son

• (with regards to gender) daughter
• (with regards to ancestry) father, mother, parent

• child

See son/translations § Noun.

From Middle English sonen, sunen, from the noun (see above).

son (third-person singular simple present sons, present participle sonning, simple past and past participle sonned)

1. (transitive) To produce (i.e. bear, father, beget) a son.
   • 1997, Noel Polk, Outside the Southern Myth:

     I sonned a father who would not be sonned, [...]

2. (transitive) To address (someone) as "son".
   • 2005, Jerry Flesher, Tomorrow I'll Miss You:

     “Don't 'son' me.” “I'm old enough to be your father,” he said with a dismissive wave of his hand.

   • 2014, Stuart A. McKeever, Becoming Joey Fizz:

     “Son—now's not the time, please.” “It's the perfect time—it's the best time fucking time I ever had. There's not gonna be another time, so don't son me, you bastard. [...]”

• N.O.S., NOS, Nos, Nos., nos, nos.

From Latin sonus. Compare Daco-Romanian sun.

son n (plural sonuri)

1. sound

• asun

son

1. third-person plural present indicative of ser

From Proto-Turkic *soŋ (“back, end”). Compare Turkish son below.

• IPA^(key): [son]

son (definite accusative sonu, plural sonlar)

1. end, ending

   sonda isə başa düşdük ki...

   but at the end we understood that...

   Filmin sonunda əsas personaj ölür.

   The main character dies at the end of the movie.

   Synonym: axır

   Antonym: baş

• son qoymaq (“put an end to”)
• sonuncu (“last, ultimate”)
• sonsuz (“endless; barren, sterile”)
  • sonsuzluq

son

1. recent, latest
2. last, final

   ötən əsrin son onilliyi ― last decade of the previous century

   Synonym: axırıncı

From Vulgar Latin sum, from Classical Latin suum.

son m (feminine sa, masculine plural sos, feminine plural ses)

1. his, her, its
2. their
3. your (alluding to vostè or vostès)

The use of son and the other possessive determiners is mostly archaic in the majority of dialects, with articulated possessive pronouns (e.g. el meu) mostly being used in their stead. However, mon, ton, and son are still widely used before certain nouns referring to family members and some affective nouns, such as amic, casa, and vida. Which nouns actually find use with the possessive determiners depends greatly on the locale.

The standard masculine plural form is sos, but sons can be found in some dialects.

• seu
• llur
• vostre

From Old Occitan, from Latin somnus, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos.

• so (Balearic)

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈsɔn/

son m (plural sons)

1. sleep

son f (plural sons)

1. sleepiness

• malson

• somni

• “son” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

son

1. imperative of sone

son

1. indefinite accusative singular of sonur

son

1. (colloquial) Contraction of se on (“it is”).

• IPA^(key): /sɔ̃/

From Old French son, suen, suon, from Latin sonus (the current form may be remade after or influenced by sonner).

son m (plural sons)

1. sound

   Le son de ce piano est agréable.

   The sound of this piano is nice.

• mur du son

• sonner
• sonore

From Middle French son, from Old French son, from Vulgar Latin sum, a reduced/atonic variant of suus, suum, from Proto-Italic *sowos, from Proto-Indo-European *sewos, from *swé (“self”).

son m (singular)

1. (possessive) His, her, its (used to qualify masculine nouns and before a vowel).

   Elle a perdu son chapeau.

   She lost her hat.

   Il a perdu son chapeau.

   He lost his hat.

   J'aime son amie.

   I like her/his girlfriend.

   La décision a été prise pendant son absence.

   The decision was taken in his absence.

¹ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.

² Also used as the polite singular form.

From Latin secundus (presumably through an earlier Old French form *seon; cf. an attested Medieval Latin seonno, seonnum). Cognate with Catalan segó, Old Occitan segon. The meaning derives from the fact that bran results from a second sifting of flour. Doublet of second, a borrowing.

son m (plural sons)

1. bran

   Ceci est du pain de son.

   This bread is done with bran.

• nos

• “son” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

From Old Portuguese son (probably influenced by or possibly borrowed from Old Occitan son), sõo, from Latin sonus. Alternatively, regressively derived from the verb soar. Compare Portuguese som, Spanish son.

• IPA^(key): [s̺oŋ]

son m (plural sons)

1. sound

• soar
• sonoro

son

1. inflection of ser:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. third-person plural present indicative

• Audio

  (file)

son

1. Alternative form of so'n
   • 1857, Der Glücksstern. Novelle von Julie Burow (Frau Pfannenschmidt), Bromberg, page 95:

     „[...] Macht Platz Leute! en Wagen wär' so übel nicht in soner Hitze.“

• son in Duden online

son

1. indefinite accusative singular of sonur

son

1. Only used in ar son

son

1. first-person singular present indicative of ièsi
2. second-person singular present indicative of ièsi
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 29:

     Ti son la manduleîna inzucherada.

     You are the sugared almond.

son

1. Rōmaji transcription of そん

• sun

son

1. first-person singular present indicative of ester

• sun
• sion

son

1. third-person singular present indicative of ester

• IPA^(key): [sɔn]

son m

1. (archaic) swan (waterfowl of genus Cygnus)

• kołp
• šwon

• er son

son

1. for

   Cur booise da Jee son dty hlaynt.

   Thank God for your health.

   Eeckee oo son shen.

   You'll pay for that.

   C're vees ain son jinnair?

   What shall we have for dinner?

2. by

   Dy cadjin ta mee ec y thie son queig er y chlag.

   I'm usually home by five o'clock.

3. (used with verbal noun) want

   Cha nel ee son credjal yn irriney.

   She doesn't want to believe the truth.

   Cha nel eh son poosey.

   He's not the marrying kind.

   As myr shen, bee oo son gee?

   You'll be wanting to eat, then?

Not used with pronouns. See er son for inflected forms.

• cre hon (“for what purpose?”)
• son shickyrys (“for certain”)

From Old English sunne.

son

1. Alternative form of sonne

• “sonne (n.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 16 June 2018.

From Old English sunu.

son

1. Alternative form of sone (“son”)

From Old French son.

son m (plural sons)

1. sound

• French: son

From Proto-Samic *sonë.

son

1. he, she, it

• Entry 9729 in Álgu database

From Old Norse sonr, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

son m (definite singular sonen, indefinite plural søner, definite plural sønene)

1. a son

   Han hadde to søner.

   He had two sons.

• steson

• “son” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

son m sg (feminine singular sa, masculine plural sos, feminine plural sas)

1. his; her; its

   Synonyms: seu, sieu

• soun (Anglo-Norman)
• sun (Anglo-Norman)

From Vulgar Latin sum, a reduced/atonic variant of Latin suum.

• IPA^(key): /sõn/
• Rhymes: -õn

son m (feminine sa, plural ses)

1. his/hers/its (third-person singular possessive)

• Middle French: son
  • French: son

Borrowed from Latin sonus.

• IPA^(key): /son/

son m

1. sound

• C. Marstrander, E. G. Quin et al., editors (1913–76), “son”, in Dictionary of the Irish Language: Based Mainly on Old and Middle Irish Materials, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, →ISBN

• sun

From Old Norse sonr, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz.

son m

1. son

• Swedish: son

From Old English sunu (“son”), from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús (“son”), from *sewH- (“to bear, give birth”).

• IPA^(key): [sɪn]

son (plural sons)

1. son, male child

son m (indeclinable)

1. sake, account

   Dèan seo air ar son.

   Do this for us/for our sake.

   Dèan seo air mo shon.

   Do this for me/for my sake.

Note that a grammaticalised unit meaning ‘for’ is formed by a prepositional phrase combining the preposition air / ar with a nominal or pronominal argument and son. (These structures are sometimes called ‘compound prepositions’.)

• airson, carson

From Proto-Samic *sonë.

son

1. he, she, it

• Entry 37531 in Álgu database

• IPA^(key): /son/, [sõn]
• Rhymes: -on

From Latin sonus, probably through the intermediate of Old Occitan son (or influenced by it); alternatively, but less likely, regressively derived from the verb sonar (the more expected form would be *suen, and a sueno appeared in some Medieval texts)[1]. Compare Portuguese som.

son m (plural sones)

1. A pleasant sound, tone
2. An Afro-Cuban musical form.
3. A musical composition in this form.

• sonar

See the etymology of the main entry.

son

1. Second-person plural (ustedes) present indicative form of ser.
2. Third-person plural (ellos, ellas, also used with ustedes^?) present indicative form of ser.

• “son” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

From English Sun (from Middle English sunne, from Old English sunne (“sun; the Sun”)) or Dutch zon (from Middle Dutch sonne (“sun”), from Old Dutch sunna), both from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂un-, *sóh₂wl̥.

son

1. Sun

• sonde

From Old Swedish son, sun, from Old Norse sonr, sunr from Proto-Germanic *sunuz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús. Masculine in Late Modern Swedish.

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oːn

son c

1. son; someone's male child
2. definite singular of so

• dotter

• Andersson
• brorson
• dotterson
• Eriksson
• Johansson
• sonbarn
• sondotter
• sonhustru
• sonlig
• sonnamn
• sonson
• sonsonsson
• styvson
• Svensson
• svärson
• systerson

• son in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (13th ed., online)

From Ottoman Turkish صوك‎ (soŋ, “end, consequence”), from Proto-Turkic *soŋ (“back, end, after”).

son

1. last, final

• ilk

son (definite accusative sonu, plural sonlar)

1. end, ending

   Mutlu sonum. ― I am the happy ending.

   (stress on the first syllable: sonum)

   Mutlu sonum ― My happy ending

   (stress on the final syllable: sonum)

2. consequence, result, conclusion

• sonra
• sonlu
• sonsuz
• sonlanmak

son (plural sonlar)

1. thigh

son

1. first-person singular present indicative of èser

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [sɔn˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂɔŋ˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ʂɔŋ˧˧] ~ [sɔŋ˧˧]

son

1. unshakable; firm

   Lòng son dạ sắt càng thêm
   Lòng đà trăng gió ai tìm thấy ai.

• son sắt; sắt son

son

1. lipstick

• son môi
• đỏ son

• IPA^(key): [son]

son (plural sons)

1. son

• hicil

• cil

• daut
• jicil

• leson
• lüson
• posson
• sonef
• sonik
• soniko
• sono

• famül
• fat
• ledaut
• mot
• pal
• palik
• poscil
• posdaut

From Proto-Tai *soːlᴬ (“to teach”). Cognate with Thai สอน (sɔ̌ɔn), Lao ສອນ (sǭn), Lü ᦉᦸᧃ (ṡoan), Tai Dam ꪎꪮꪙ, Shan သွၼ် (sǒan), Ahom 𑜏𑜨𑜃𑜫 (son).

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θoːn˨˦/
• Tone numbers: son¹
• Hyphenation: son

son (old orthography son)

1. to teach