ester
English
Etymology
From German Ester, perhaps a contraction or abstraction of Essigäther (“ethyl acetate”), from Essig (“vinegar”) (from Latin acetum) and Äther (“ether”). See ether for more.
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈɛstɚ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɛstə/
- Rhymes: -ɛstə(ɹ)
- Homophone: Esther
Noun
ester (plural esters)
- (organic chemistry) A compound most often formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid, with elimination of water, which contains the functional group carbon-oxygen double bond joined via carbon to another oxygen atom.
- 1991, Malcolm B. Hale et al., “New Products and Markets for Menhaden, Brevoortia spp.”, in Marine Fisheries Review, volume 53, number 4, page 47:
- To produce a test material containing at least 75 percent omega-3 polyunsaturates, the menhaden triglycerides are transesterified to produce fatty acid ethyl esters. The esters are reacted with urea dissolved in hot ethanol and the solution is cooled overnight.
- 1991, W. F. Kean, C. J. L. Lock, and H. E. Howard-Lock, “Chirality in antirheumatic drugs”, in The Lancet, volume 338, DOI: , page 1567:
- The thiol-coenzyme-A ester formed by R-arylpropionic acid can bind to triglyceride to form a “hybrid” triglyceride: such hybrid triglycerides can cause alteration of fatty-acid metabolism and membrane function, and a lipophilic triglyceride–propionic-acid hybrid would be able to cross lipid membranes such as the blood–brain barrier.
- 1996, Steven Ashley, “Composite car structures pass the crash test”, in Mechanical Engineering, volume 118, number 12, page 60:
- The effort’s primary material systems are vinyl esters and polyurethanes, reinforced with inexpensive chopped-glass rovings. Automated glass-fiber preforming processes and high-rate molding procedures are being studied in an effort to reduce cycle times and production costs substantially.
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Derived terms
Translations
Czech
Danish
Declension
Synonyms
- estlænder
Declension
Derived terms
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛs.tər/
Audio (file)
Estonian
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | ester | estrid |
accusative | estri | estrid |
genitive | estri | estrite |
partitive | estrit | estreid |
illative | estrisse | estritesse estreisse |
inessive | estris | estrites estreis |
elative | estrist | estritest estreist |
allative | estrile | estritele estreile |
adessive | estril | estritel estreil |
ablative | estrilt | estritelt estreilt |
translative | estriks | estriteks estreiks |
terminative | estrini | estriteni |
essive | estrina | estritena |
abessive | estrita | estriteta |
comitative | estriga | estritega |
French
Etymology 1
From Old French ester, from Vulgar Latin *estō, from Classical Latin stō (cf. also the juridical Medieval Latin senses), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛs.te/
Related terms
Etymology 2
From German Essig-Äther (“acetic acid ethyl ester”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛs.tɛʁ/
Further reading
- “ester” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Ladin
Conjugation
- Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | ester | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | — | gerund | sian | |||
past participle | sté | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | ie | tu | el / ela | nos | vos | ei / eles |
present | son | ies | é | son | seis | é |
imperfect | fove | foves | fova | fovan | fovais | fova |
future | saré | saras | sarà | saron | sareis | sarà |
subjunctive | che ie | che tu | che el / ela | che nos | che vos | che ei / eles |
present | sie | sies | sie | son | seis | sie |
imperfect | fosse | fosses | fossa | fossan | fossais | fossa |
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – |
— | sies | — | — | sede | — |
Middle English
Etymology
From Old English ēaster.
Noun
ester (plural esters)
- Easter (Christian holiday)
- c. 1280, “Vita sancti Brendani, Abbatis de Hybernia”, in Carl Horstmann, editor, The Early South English Legendary or Lives of Saints, London: N. Trübner & Co., published 1887, page 224:
- To a stede ȝe schulle hunne wende : þurf oure louerdes grace, / Þat is foweles parays : a wel ioyful place : / Þer ȝe schulle þis ester beo : & þis wit-sonedai also.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- c. 1300, Robert of Gloucester, William Aldis Wright, editor, The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester, London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, published 1887, page 556:
- Þre siþe he ber croune aȝer · to midewinter at gloucestre · / To witesonetid at westmunstre · to ester at wincestre ·
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- a. 1402, John Trevisa, transl., “De regione lodœœ”, in Joseph Rawson Lumby, editor, Polychronicon, page 111:
- Mysbyleued men mysdede neuere þat chirche ; and þat is, as me troweþ, for euery ȝere an Ester eue comeþ fire from heuene, and tendeþ and liȝteþ þe lamps þerynne ; but whan þat miracle bygan first, hit is vncertayne and vnknowe.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
Norwegian Bokmål
Synonyms
Old French
Etymology
From Late Latin or Vulgar Latin estō, from Latin stō. Compare with estre.
Usage notes
According to the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub, "[i]t is not always possible to make a valid distinction between and ester and estre"[1].
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb is highly irregular. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | ester | avoir esté, esteü | |||||
gerund | en estant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | estant | ||||||
past participle | esté, esteü | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | estois | estas, estais | esta, estait | estons | estez | estont |
imperfect | estoie, esteie, estoe, esteve | estoies, esteies, estoes, esteves | estoit, esteit, estot, esteve | estiiens, estiens | estiiez, estiez | estoient, esteient, estoent, estevent | |
preterite | estui, estai | esteüs, estas | estut, esta | esteümes, estames | esteüstes, estastes | esturent, esterent | |
future | esterai | esteras | estera | esterons | esteroiz, estereiz, esterez | esteront | |
conditional | esteroie, estereie | esteroies, estereies | esteroit, estereit | esteriiens, esteriens | esteriiez, esteriez | esteroient, estereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | estoise, estace | estoises, estaces | estoise, estoist, estace | estons | estez | estoisent, estacent |
imperfect | esteüsse, estasse | esteüsses, estasses | esteüst, estast | esteüssons, esteüssiens, estissons, estissiens | esteüssoiz, esteüssez, esteüssiez, estissoiz, estissez, estissiez | esteüssent, estassent | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | esta | — | estons | estez | — |