sie
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English sien, from Old English sīgan (“to sink, descend”), from Proto-Germanic *sīganą, *sīhwaną (“to strain, drop”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyk- (“to pour, strain”). Cognate with Dutch zijgen (“to filter”), German seihen (“to strain, sieve”), Icelandic síga (“to lower”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /saɪ/
- Rhymes: -aɪ
Verb
sie (third-person singular simple present sies, present participle sying, simple past and past participle sied)
Related terms
Pronoun
sie (third person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative sir, possessive adjective hir, possessive noun hirs, reflexive hirself)
- (rare) Gender-neutral subject pronoun, grammatically equivalent to the gendered pronouns he and she, or singular they.
- 1993 September 24, Alex Martelli, "punishment vs ethics (was Re: Discipline my daughters)", in alt.sex.bondage, Usenet:
- If the child is about the intellectual equal of the parent, sie will eventually start holding hir own in discussions, […]
- 2010 September 16, Jessica Freely, Amaranth and Ash, La Vergne: Lightning Source, →ISBN, page 101:
- "You must be Ash," sie said, hir voice a shade deeper than Amaranth's.
- 2011 August 16, Petra Kuppers, Disability Culture and Community Performance: Find a Strange and Twisted Shape, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, LCCN 2011012058, LCC PN1590.H36 K87 2011, page 18:
- When I asked hir about hir preferred self-identification in this scene, sie offered me this language, 'sie sharply performs the hotness of teasing all the audience from the edge-space of androgyny.'
- 1993 September 24, Alex Martelli, "punishment vs ethics (was Re: Discipline my daughters)", in alt.sex.bondage, Usenet:
Alternative forms
Synonyms
- see Appendix:English third-person singular pronouns
Finnish
Pronoun
sie (stem siu-)
German
Pronunciation
- (standard) IPA(key): /ziː/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -iː
- (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA(key): /zə/
Etymology 1
From Old High German siu; cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si) and Old English sēo (“that one (f.)”).
Pronoun
sie f
- she
- Ist sie noch krank?
- Is she still sick?
- Das ist meine Katze. Sie heißt Lili.
- This is my cat. Her name is Lili.
- it (when the object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine (die))
- Scheint die Sonne noch? Nein, sie ist schon runtergegangen.
- Is the sun still shining? No, it has already gone down.
Inflection
nominative | accusative | genitive | dative | possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich | mich | meiner († mein) | mir | mein | |
2nd person singular (familiar)1 | du (-e) | dich | deiner († dein) | dir | dein | |
3rd person singular | m | er | ihn | seiner († sein) | ihm | sein |
f | sie | ihrer | ihr | |||
n | es | seiner († sein) | ihm | sein | ||
1st person plural | wir (mir) | uns | unser | uns | unser | |
2nd person plural (familiar)1 | ihr | euch | euer | euch | euer | |
3rd person plural | sie | ihrer | ihnen | ihr | ||
polite address | naturally: 2nd person sg. or pl.; grammatically: 2nd person pl. |
Ihr | Euch | Euer | Euch | Euer |
naturally: 2nd person sg. or pl.; grammatically: 3rd person pl. |
Sie | Ihrer | Ihnen | Ihr |
1Often capitalized, especially in letters
- The genitive case ihrer is more and more rarely used in modern German.
- While the genitive of personal pronouns does express ownership, it must not be confused with possessive pronouns. While possessive pronouns such as ihr are put in front of the noun they relate to and follow the inflection rules of adjectives, the genitive form of personal pronouns has only one form, which is not further inflected. Additionally, personal pronouns in the genitive can be put after the word they relate to.
Etymology 2
From Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural), siu (neuter plural).
Alternative forms
- -se (enclitic; colloquial)
Inflection
nominative | accusative | genitive | dative | possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich | mich | meiner († mein) | mir | mein | |
2nd person singular (familiar)1 | du (-e) | dich | deiner († dein) | dir | dein | |
3rd person singular | m | er | ihn | seiner († sein) | ihm | sein |
f | sie | ihrer | ihr | |||
n | es | seiner († sein) | ihm | sein | ||
1st person plural | wir (mir) | uns | unser | uns | unser | |
2nd person plural (familiar)1 | ihr | euch | euer | euch | euer | |
3rd person plural | sie | ihrer | ihnen | ihr | ||
polite address | naturally: 2nd person sg. or pl.; grammatically: 2nd person pl. |
Ihr | Euch | Euer | Euch | Euer |
naturally: 2nd person sg. or pl.; grammatically: 3rd person pl. |
Sie | Ihrer | Ihnen | Ihr |
1Often capitalized, especially in letters
Usage notes
- In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is used only enclitically after a verb, as an ending /zə/. E.g. hamse, könnse. Stressed instances are replaced with the demonstrative pronoun die. This reflects a similar development for es/das.
- While the genitive of personal pronouns does express ownership, it must not be confused with possessive pronouns. While possessive pronouns such as ihr are put in front of the noun they relate to and follow the inflection rules of adjectives, the genitive form of a personal pronoun has only one form, which is not further inflected. Additionally, personal pronouns in the genitive can be put after the word they relate to.
Hunsrik
Alternative forms
- sii (Wiesemann spelling system)
Etymology 1
From Old High German siu; cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si) and Old English sēo (“that one (f.)”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /siː/
Inflection
nominative | accusative | dative | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proclitic | Enclitic | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | |
1st person singular | ich | -ich | mich | meer | mer | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | -du, -de | dich | deer | der | |
3rd person singular (m) | er, där | -er | ihn | en | ihm | em |
3rd person singular (f) | sie, die | -se | sie / ihns | se | eer | re |
3rd person singular (n) | es, das | 's | es | ihm | em | |
1st person plural | meer | mer | uns | uns | ||
2nd person plural | deer | der | eich | eich | ||
3rd person plural | sie, die | -se | sie | se | denne |
Etymology 2
From Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural), siu (neuter plural).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /siː/
Inflection
nominative | accusative | dative | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proclitic | Enclitic | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | |
1st person singular | ich | -ich | mich | meer | mer | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | -du, -de | dich | deer | der | |
3rd person singular (m) | er, där | -er | ihn | en | ihm | em |
3rd person singular (f) | sie, die | -se | sie / ihns | se | eer | re |
3rd person singular (n) | es, das | 's | es | ihm | em | |
1st person plural | meer | mer | uns | uns | ||
2nd person plural | deer | der | eich | eich | ||
3rd person plural | sie, die | -se | sie | se | denne |
Ingrian
Middle Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /siə/, /si/
Middle Low German
Pronunciation
- Stem vowel: ê⁴
- IPA(key): /siə/, /siɛ/
Old Saxon
Alternative forms
Declension
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |