ge
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ge"
Cebuano
Dutch
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɣə/
Audio (file)
Pronoun
ge
Usage notes
- See usage notes at gij
Inflection
Dutch personal pronouns
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). |
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Emilian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡe/
- Hyphenation: ge
Alternative forms
- Becomes g’ before a vowel (proclitic).
- A g’andám edmān. ― We go there tomorrow.
- La g’à parlê. ― She talked to them.
- Becomes -eg when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).
- J-eg vān edmān. ― They go there tomorrow. (imperative, singular)
- J-eg dān da fêr. ― They give her trouble.
- Becomes -g when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).
- A-g vag edmān. ― I’m going there tomorrow. (imperative, plural)
- A-g pôrt di munjêgi. ― I bring him some apricots.
Etymology 1
From Latin illī (nominative plural and dative singular of ille). Cognate with Catalan li and Italian gli.
Pronoun
ge (personal, dative case)
Related terms
Emilian personal pronouns (strong forms)
Number | Person | Gender | Disjunctive (tonic) |
Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Reflexive (-self) |
Comitative (with) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | mè | a | me | mêg | ||
Second | — | tè | et | te | têg | |||
Third | Masculine | ló | al | ge | se | sêg | ||
Feminine | lê | la | ||||||
Plural | First | Masculine | nuēter | a | se | nōsk | ||
Feminine | nuētri | |||||||
Second | Masculine | vuēter | a | ve | vōsk | |||
Feminine | vuētri | |||||||
Third | Masculine | lôr | i | ge | se | sêg | ||
Feminine | el | li |
Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /keː/
Declension
Declension of ge | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n4 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | ge | geið | ge | geini |
accusative | ge | geið | ge | geini |
dative | ge, gei | genum | geum | geunum |
genitive | ges | gesins | gea | geanna |
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡe/, /ɡɛ/
Lashi
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ɡeː/
Coordinate terms
References
- ge in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia
- ge in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
Mandarin
Romanization
ge
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Mapudungun
References
- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
Middle English
References
- “ye, (pron.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 16 May 2018.
References
- “he, pron. (3)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 10 June 2018.
Old English
Etymology
From *jīz, an early variation of Proto-Germanic *jūz, representing Proto-Indo-European *yūs. Cognate with Old Frisian jī, Old Saxon gi, Dutch gij, Old High German ir (German ihr), Old Norse ér (Swedish I, later ni), Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Albanian ju, Proto-Baltic *ju- (Lithuanian jūs), Tocharian A yas, Tocharian B yes.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jeː/
Old French
Rawa
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xe/
(file)
- Rhymes: -e
Further reading
- “ge” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
Swedish
Etymology
Apocopic form of giva, with umlaut, from Old Swedish giva, gæva, from Old Norse gefa, from Proto-Germanic *gebaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰab(ʰ)-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jeː/, IPA(key): /ˈjeːə/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -eː
Usage notes
- The older strong conjugation (giva, giver) is complete with present and past participles. The weak conjugation (ge, ger) does not provide acceptable forms for the past tense (*gedde) or participles (*geende, *gedd), but is now the preferred and dominating choice for other cases (ge, ger, gett).
Conjugation
Conjugation of ge (strong)
Conjugation of giva (strong)
Derived terms
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Turkish
Turkmen
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