al
Translingual
Alternative forms
English
Etymology
From Hindi आल (āl)
Noun
al (usually uncountable, plural als)
- The Indian mulberry, Morinda citrifolia, especially as used to make dye.
- For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:al.
Translations
References
- “al” in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- “al” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- "al" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.
Afrikaans
Asturian
Catalan
Usage notes
When el contracts to l' before a vowel, al is not used. For example, Ens veurem a l'aeroport.
Further reading
- “al” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /al/, [al]
Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *al, from Proto-Germanic *allaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑl/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: al
- Rhymes: -ɑl
Determiner
al
- all, all of
- Heb je al het bier opgedronken?
- Did you drink all the beer?
- Van Gogh produceerde al zijn werk gedurende een periode van slechts tien jaar.
- Van Gogh produced all of his work during a period of only ten years.
- Alle olie is uit de tanker gelekt.
- All the oil has leaked out of the tanker.
- Niet alle mensen zijn zo gemeen.
- Not all people are that mean.
Inflection
Inflection of al | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | al | |||
inflected | alle | |||
comparative | — | |||
positive | ||||
predicative/adverbial | ||||
indefinite | m./f. sing. | alle | ||
n. sing. | al | |||
plural | alle | |||
definite | alle | |||
partitive |
Related terms
Adverb
al
Synonyms
Emilian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /al/
- Hyphenation: al
Alternative forms
Related terms
Number | Person | Gender | Disjunctive (tonic) |
Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Reflexive (-self) |
Comitative (with) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | mè | a | me | mêg | ||
Second | — | tè | et | te | têg | |||
Third | Masculine | ló | al | ge | se | sêg | ||
Feminine | lê | la | ||||||
Plural | First | Masculine | nuēter | a | se | nōsk | ||
Feminine | nuētri | |||||||
Second | Masculine | vuēter | a | ve | vōsk | |||
Feminine | vuētri | |||||||
Third | Masculine | lôr | i | ge | se | sêg | ||
Feminine | el | li |
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /al/
Audio (file)
Preposition
al
- to; toward
- Li estas sur sia unua pilgrimo al Mekko.
- He is on his first pilgrimage to Mecca.
- Islamanoj preĝas antaŭantaj al Mekko plurfoje ĉiutage.
- Muslims pray facing toward Mecca several times every day.
- to (indicates indirect object)
- Ŝi donis la libron al siaj gepatroj.
- She gave the book to her (own) parents.
Ido
Istriot
Italian
Preposition
Kurdish
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -al
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From Old High German ald, northern variant of alt, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz. Cognate with German alt, English old, Dutch oud, West Frisian âld.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aːl/
- Rhymes: -aːl
Declension
Mandinka
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch al, from Proto-Germanic *allaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /al/
Further reading
- “al (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “al (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “al (V)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “al (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929
- “al (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929
- “al (IV)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929
Middle English
Adverb
al
- Alternative form of all
- 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue:
- And smale foweles maken melodye,
- That slepen al the nyght with open eye-
- (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);
- And many little birds make melody
- That sleep through all the night with open eye
- (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)
- 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue:
Determiner
al
- Alternative form of all
- 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41
- And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge.
- And with this he was named, as I believe worthily, an excellent ruly and innocent man in all his living.
- And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge.
- 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41
Old Dutch
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *allaz.
Inflection
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
nominative | al | alle | al | alle | al | allu |
accusative | allan | alle | al | alle | alla | allu |
genitive | allis | allro | allis | allro | allro | allrō |
dative | allon | allon | allon | allon | allro | allon |
Weak declension | ||||||
masculine | neuter | feminine | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
nominative | allo | allu | alla | allu | alla | allu |
accusative | allin | allin | alla | allin | allin | allin |
genitive | allin | allno | allin | allno | allin | allno |
dative | allin | allon | allin | allon | allin | allon |
Alternative forms
Further reading
- “al (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Etymology 2
From the adjective al.
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *ailą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-lom, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn, kindle”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑːl/
Declension
Derived terms
- ālfæt
- ālgeweorc
- onāl
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ailida-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 11
Old High German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /al/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *allaz.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic *ēlaz, whence also Old English ǣl, Old Norse áll.
Descendants
- German: Aal
References
- Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer
Old Saxon
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *allaz.
Declension
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | al | alle | al | allu | al | alle |
accusative | allana | alle | al | allu | alla | alle |
genitive | alles | allarō | alles | allarō | allaro | allarō |
dative | allumu | allum | allumu | allum | allaro | allum |
Weak declension | ||||||
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | allo | allu | alla | allu | alla | allu |
accusative | allun | allun | alla | allun | allun | allun |
genitive | allun | allonō | allun | allonō | allun | allonō |
dative | allun | allum | allun | allum | allun | allum |
Polish
Synonyms
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese al, from Vulgar Latin *ale, from Latin aliud, from Proto-Indo-European *ályos.
Synonyms
- (the rest): o resto
- (other): outro
Saterland Frisian
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈal/
Audio (Latin America) (file) - Rhymes: -al
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish al, from Old Norse ǫlr (compare Icelandic elri, Danish el, Norwegian older), from Proto-Germanic *aluz, *alusō (compare English alder), variant of *alizō, *alisō (compare Dutch els, German Erle), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisos.
Pronunciation
audio (file)
Turkish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Turkic *āl, *Āl (“red, crimson”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (āl). Related to alev and almak.
Declension
Inflection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | al | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | alı | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | al | allar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | alı | alları | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | ala | allara | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | alda | allarda | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | aldan | allardan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | alın | alların | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Descendants
- Greek: άλικος (álikos, “crimson”)
See also
Colors in Turkish · renkler (layout · text) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
beyaz, ak | gri, boz | siyah, kara | ||
kırmızı, kızıl ; kırmızı, al | turuncu ; kahverengi, boz | sarı ; bej | ||
limon çürüğü | yeşil | |||
camgöbeği ; turkuaz | gök, mavi | lacivert | ||
eflatun ; mor | pembe ; mor | yavruağzı |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Turkic *Āl.
Etymology 3
See almak.
Veps
Etymology
Related to Finnish alla.
References
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “под”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Watubela
References
- Papers from the Fourth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: FOCAL II (1986)
- Blust, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
West Frisian
Inflection
This determiner needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
Further reading
- “al”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Further reading
- “al”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011