un
Aromanian
Azerbaijani
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Cyrillic | ун |
Roman | un |
Perso-Arabic | اون |
Declension
nominative | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
mənim (“my”) | unum | unlarım |
sənin (“your”) | unun | unların |
onun (“his/her/its”) | unu | unları |
bizim (“our”) | unumuz | unlarımız |
sizin (“your”) | ununuz | unlarınız |
onların (“their”) | unu or unları | unları |
accusative | ||
singular | plural | |
mənim (“my”) | unumu | unlarımı |
sənin (“your”) | ununu | unlarını |
onun (“his/her/its”) | ununu | unlarını |
bizim (“our”) | unumuzu | unlarımızı |
sizin (“your”) | ununuzu | unlarınızı |
onların (“their”) | ununu or unlarını | unlarını |
dative | ||
singular | plural | |
mənim (“my”) | unuma | unlarıma |
sənin (“your”) | ununa | unlarına |
onun (“his/her/its”) | ununa | unlarına |
bizim (“our”) | unumuza | unlarımıza |
sizin (“your”) | ununuza | unlarınıza |
onların (“their”) | ununa or unlarına | unlarına |
locative | ||
singular | plural | |
mənim (“my”) | unumda | unlarımda |
sənin (“your”) | ununda | unlarında |
onun (“his/her/its”) | ununda | unlarında |
bizim (“our”) | unumuzda | unlarımızda |
sizin (“your”) | ununuzda | unlarınızda |
onların (“their”) | ununda or unlarında | unlarında |
ablative | ||
singular | plural | |
mənim (“my”) | unumdan | unlarımdan |
sənin (“your”) | unundan | unlarından |
onun (“his/her/its”) | unundan | unlarından |
bizim (“our”) | unumuzdan | unlarımızdan |
sizin (“your”) | ununuzdan | unlarınızdan |
onların (“their”) | unundan or unlarından | unlarından |
genitive | ||
singular | plural | |
mənim (“my”) | unumun | unlarımın |
sənin (“your”) | ununun | unlarının |
onun (“his/her/its”) | ununun | unlarının |
bizim (“our”) | unumuzun | unlarımızın |
sizin (“your”) | ununuzun | unlarınızın |
onların (“their”) | ununun or unlarının | unlarının |
Breton
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *ʉn, from Proto-Celtic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitan un, from Latin ūnum (“one”), accusative form of ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.
Article
un m (feminine una, masculine plural uns, feminine plural unes)
- an; the indefinite article
- (in the plural) some
Usage notes
- Unlike English, Catalan uses the indefinite article with plural nouns as well as singular nouns.
- Catalan cardinal numbers may be used as masculine or feminine adjectives, except un/una (“1”), dos/dues (“2”), cents/centes (“100s”) and its compounds. When used as nouns, Catalan cardinal numbers are treated as masculine singular nouns in most contexts, but in expressions involving time such as la una i trenta (1:30) or les dues (two o'clock), they are feminine because the feminine noun hora has been elided.
Chamorro
Chuukese
Cimbrian
Etymology
From Middle High German unde, from Old High German unti, from Proto-Germanic *andi. Cognate with German und, Dutch en, English and, Icelandic enn.
References
- “un” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
- “un” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Drehu
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /un/
References
- Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Dutch Low Saxon
Fala
Etymology
From Old Portuguese un, from Latin ūnus (“one”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one; single”).
Article
un m (plural un-os, feminine un-a, feminine plural un-as)
- a (masculine singular indefinite article)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:
- As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.
- The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, our Fala is another treasure among them.
-
Related terms
- primeiru
French
Etymology
From Old French un, from Latin ūnum, accusative singular of ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /œ̃/
- (with merger of un with in) IPA(key): /ɛ̃/
Audio (France) (file) Audio (France) (file) Audio (France) (file) Audio (Belgium) (file) Audio (Quebec) (file) - Rhymes: -œ̃
Numeral
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : un Ordinal : premier | ||
French Wikipedia article on un |
un
Further reading
- “un” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Friulian
Galician
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : un Ordinal : primeiro | ||
Galician Wikipedia article on un |
Etymology
From Old Portuguese un, ũu, from Latin ūnus.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Usage notes
The article un and its inflected forms unha,uns, and unhas all form contractions with the prepositions con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”).
Garifuna
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ũ/
German Low German
Alternative forms
- on (in Low Prussian and some other dialects)
Guinea-Bissau Creole
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : un | ||
Etymology
From Portuguese um. Cognates with Kabuverdianu un.
Hungarian
Etymology
Of unknown origin.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈun]
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Infinitive | unni | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past participle | unt or unott | |||||||
Present participle | unó | |||||||
Future participle | unandó | |||||||
Adverbial participle | unva | |||||||
Potential | unhat | |||||||
1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal | 3rd person sg, 2nd person sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal | 3rd person pl, 2nd person pl formal | |||
Indicative mood | Present | Indefinite | unok | unsz | un | ununk | untok | unnak |
Definite | unom én téged/titeket unlak |
unod | unja | unjuk | unjátok | unják | ||
Past | Indefinite | untam | untál | unt | untunk | untatok | untak | |
Definite | untam én téged/titeket untalak |
untad | unta | untuk | untátok | unták | ||
Conditional mood | Present | Indefinite | unnék | unnál | unna | unnánk | unnátok | unnának |
Definite | unnám én téged/titeket unnálak |
unnád | unná | unnánk | unnátok | unnák | ||
Subjunctive mood | Present | Indefinite | unjak | unj or unjál |
unjon | unjunk | unjatok | unjanak |
Definite | unjam én téged/titeket unjalak |
und or unjad |
unja | unjuk | unjátok | unják | ||
Conjugated infinitive | unnom | unnod | unnia | unnunk | unnotok | unniuk |
References
- Zaicz, Gábor. Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN
Hunsrik
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle High German unde, from Old High German unti, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /un/
Conjunction
un
- and
- Draus is es kalt un nass.
- It's cold and wet outside.
- Ich kaafe Epple un Bananne.
- I buy apples and bananas.
Ido
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : un Ordinal : unesma Adverbial : unfoye Multiplier : unopla Fractional : unima | ||
Ido Wikipedia article on un |
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /un/
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /un/
Karakalpak
Latvian
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle Low German un (“and”). It replaced, in this sense, the particle ir (compare Lithuanian ir, which still has the sense of “and”). At first there were competing borrowings from other Germanic dialects (e.g. und, unde), and some forms were influenced by ir (resulting in ind, in), but from the 18th century on, the form un gradually became dominant.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ùn]
Conjunction
un
- additive conjunction used to link similar terms in a clause; and
- Didzis un Ilga apstājās ― Didzis and Ilga stopped
- tas ir skaists un dārgs ― this is beautiful and expensive
- tēvs strādā un domā ― father is working and thinking
- used to link clauses within a sentence; and
- Lupatu Zeta smējās tik sirsnīgi, ka asaras sakāpa acīs un pat Lupats pieliecās klausīties ― Lupatu Zeta laughed so heartily that tears filled her eyes and even Lupats leaned forward to listen
- pie tēva vīri atnāk uz runāšanu... Annelei patīk skatīties, kādi tie vīri un kā viņi runā ― (some) men came to father to talk... Annele liked to look what those men looked like and how they spoke
- used to link two independent clauses, indicating simultaneity, sequence, contrast, opposition, or comparison between them; and
- uzlec saule, un sākas jauna diena ― the sun rises, and a new day begins
- Annele papurināja smiedamās galvu, un visi lakati bija atkal nost ― Annele shook her head, laughing, and all scarves were (= fell) off once more
- Ansis bija noliesējis gluži dzeltenīgs, nomocījis, un tomēr viņa acīs bija arī līksmība ― Ansis had lost weight, grown rather yellow, (he looked) run down, and yet in his eyes there was also joy
- pavasarī viņam palika pieci gadi, un tas jau bija diezgan cienījams vecums ― in spring he became five years (old), and that was already quite a respectable age
- used to introduce an independent clause, linking it to the preceding context
- mātei varēja stāstīt visu... vai tiešām visu? un Ģirts atskārta, ka pēdējā laikā noticis daudz kas tāds, par ko viņš tomēr nestāstīs mātei... ― mother might tell everything... really everything? and Ģirts realized that recently many things had happened that he wouldn't tell mother...
- atceries, cik Latvijā šis vārds skanēja noslēpumaini un vilinoši: Kalifornija! un tagad ļoti labvēlīgs liktenis tevi iespēlējis tieši teiksmainajā Kalifornijā ― remember how in Latvia this word sounds mysterious and tempting: California! and now a very favorable fate has brought you to legendary California
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “un”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Ligurian
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : un Ordinal : prìmmo Adverbial : ùnn-a vòtta Multiplier : séncio Distributive : scingolarménte | ||
Etymology
From Latin ūnus, from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /yŋ/
Usage notes
- When followed by a word beginning with a vowel, the article undergoes apheresis, becoming 'n, and the place of articulation of the nasal changes from velar to dental:
- un + òmmo → 'n òmmo (“a man”) (pronounced [ˈnɔmmu], NOT [ˈŋɔmmu])
- When followed by a word beginning with a consonant:
- the article becomes in (pron. /iŋ/), if:
- it is found in sentence-initial position, or after a punctuation mark
- it is preceded by a word ending in /ŋ/
- in matìn in figeu o corîva – a boy was running one morning (pron. [iŋ maˈtiŋ iŋ fiˈd͡ʒø u kuˈriːva])
- the article undergoes apheresis, becoming 'n, without the nasal changing place of articulation:
- ò visto 'n zìn – I saw a sea urchin (pron. [ɔ ˈvistu ŋ ˈziŋ])
- the article becomes in (pron. /iŋ/), if:
Livonian
Etymology
Ultimately from Middle Low German un, probably through Latvian un.
Louisiana Creole French
Luxembourgish
Alternative forms
- u (used before consonants other than d, h, n, t, z)
Etymology
From Old High German ana. The form is phonetically regular through the developments -a- → -ue- in originally open syllables, and -ue- → -u- before nasals.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /un/
Manx
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos. Compare Breton unan, Cornish onan, Irish aon.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eːn/, /ɯːn/, /uːn/
Middle French
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old French un, from Latin ūnus (“one”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ỹ/
Middle Welsh
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *ʉn, from Proto-Celtic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʉn/
Mutation
Middle Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Soft | Nasal | H-prothesis |
un | unchanged | unchanged | hun |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Simon Evans (1964) A Grammar of Middle Welsh, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 1
Norman
Alternative forms
- iun (Guernsey)
Etymology
From Old French uns, from Latin ūnus (“one”).
Pronunciation
Audio (Jersey) (file)
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan un, from Latin ūnus (“one”).
Further reading
- Joan de Cantalausa (2006) Diccionari general occitan a partir dels parlars lengadocians, 2 edition, →ISBN, page 1009.
Old Portuguese
Papiamentu
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : un | ||
Etymology
From Spanish uno and Portuguese um and Kabuverdianu un.
Pennsylvania German
Alternative forms
Romanian
Alternative forms
- (Moldavian) ун (un)
Etymology
From Latin ūnus, from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /un/
Declension
Sicilian
Usage notes
Un is never used before words starting with the letter z or s and a consonant, like the Italian un
Spanish
Etymology
From uno, from Latin ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /un/, [ũn]
- Rhymes: -un
Usage notes
The form un is only used before and within the noun phrase of the masculine singular noun that it modifies. In other positions, uno is used instead.
Turkish
Etymology
From Old Turkic [script needed] (un), from Proto-Turkic *hūn.
Declension
Inflection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | un | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | unu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | un | unlar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | unu | unları | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | una | unlara | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | unda | unlarda | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | undan | unlardan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | unun | unların | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Turkmen
Venetian
Alternative forms
- on (rural areas)
Welsh
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : un Ordinal : cyntaf Adverbial : unwaith | ||
Welsh Wikipedia article on un |
Etymology
From Middle Welsh un, from Proto-Brythonic *ʉn, from Proto-Celtic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ɨːn/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /iːn/
Related terms
- dim un (“none”)
- pob un (“each”)
- -yn
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
un | unchanged | unchanged | hun |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Angharad Fychan and Ann Parry Owen, editors (2014), “un”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies