le
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lə/, /leɪ/
Article
le
- (informal, humorous, chiefly Internet) the
- 2001 June 24, LaManna, “My Weekend...”, in alt.punk, Usenet:
- […] upon arrival, le girlfriend realizes she has left her ID back at my house (a 1 1/2 hour roundtrip on the Metro), […]
- 2002 December 27, Amelia, “Re: Neat things SANTA brought me...”, in alt.fashion, Usenet:
- And then le boyfriend perks up and names around 8 different brands (Stila, MAC, Becca, Nars etc..) - I was *SO* proud of him!! :)
- 2003 January 10, johnny dupe (quoting nowhere man), “Re: I can walk with jezus...”, in alt.fan.wings, Usenet:
- That was always OUR song (me and le girlfriend of the time).
-
Related terms
Preposition
le
Bourguignon
Alternative forms
Breton
Dalmatian
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /leː/, [leːˀ]
Inflection
Etymology 2
From Old Norse hlæja, from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną.
Verb
le (imperative le, present ler, past lo, past participle leet or let)
- to laugh (show mirth by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face and emission of sounds)
See also
le on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da Le (flertydig) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
French
Etymology
From Old French le, from Latin illum, by dropping il- and -m. Latin illum is the accusative singular of ille.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lə/
- (Parisian) IPA(key): /lø/
- (between a vowel and a consonant) IPA(key): /l/
audio (file) - (Louisiana) IPA(key): /ɛl/
- Rhymes: -ə
Article
le m (feminine la, masculine and feminine plural les)
- The (definite article).
- [J]e suis le valeureux Don Quichotte de la Manche, le défaiseur de torts et le réparateur d’iniquités.
- I am the valiant Don Quixote of La Mancha, the undoer of wrongs and the repairer of iniquities. (1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Volume I, Chapter IV)
- Used before abstract nouns; not translated in English.
- (before parts of the body) The; my, your, etc.
- (before units) A, an.
Usage notes
Pronoun
Related terms
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Reflexive | Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | ||
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | |||
Third | Masculine | il | se, s’ | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui, soi | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle, soi | ||||||
— | on | — | — | — | — | soi | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | ||
Second | — | vous | vous | — | — | vous | |||
Third | Masculine | ils | se, s’ | les | leur | y | en | eux, soi | |
Feminine | elles | elles, soi |
References
- Dauzat, Albert; Jean Dubois, Henri Mitterand (1964), “le, la, les”, in Nouveau dictionnaire étymologique (in French), Paris: Librairie Larousse
Further reading
- “le” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Galician
Verb
le
- inflection of ler:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /le/, /lɛ/
Article
le (plural)
- the (used only when there is no other sign of plurality, for example with nominalized adjectives)
- Yen pomi, prenez le bona e lasez le mala.
- Here's apples, take the good ones and leave the bad ones.
See also
Interlingua
Irish
Alternative forms
- lé (superseded)
Etymology
From a conflation of two Early Modern Irish prepositions:
- re (“to”), from Old Irish fri, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).
- le (“with”), from Old Irish la, from Proto-Celtic *let-, from Proto-Celtic *letos (“side”) (compare leath, Welsh lled).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lʲɛ/
Preposition
le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article leis)
- with
- le héadach ― with clothing
- used in conjunction with the copula particle is to indicate possession
- Is liomsa an hata ― The hat is mine; the hat belongs to me
- Is le Cáit an peann luaidhe. ― The pencil is Cáit’s; the pencil belongs to Cáit.
- to (indicating purpose; in this sense triggering eclipsis of ithe (“eating”) and ól (“drinking”))
- rud le n-ithe ― something to eat
- oiriúnach le n-ól ― fit to drink
- ró-the le n-ól ― too hot to drink
- in order to
Inflection
Derived terms
- abair le (“tell”)
- ar olca le (“to spite”)
- dar le (“acccording to”)
- i mborr le (“puffed up with”)
- le chéile (“together”)
- le thine (“on fire, alight”)
- maidir le (“as for”)
See also
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* | de mo dem* | de do ded*, det* | dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* | do mo dom* | do do dod*, dot* | dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
fara (“along with, beside”) | fairis an | fairis na | fara mo | fara do | farana | faranár | faranar | faranarb | faranarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* | i do id*, it* | ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* | le do led*, let* | lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* | ó mo óm* | ó do ód*, ót* | óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
Further reading
- "le" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- C. Marstrander, E. G. Quin et al., editors (1913–76), “fri”, in Dictionary of the Irish Language: Based Mainly on Old and Middle Irish Materials, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, →ISBN
- C. Marstrander, E. G. Quin et al., editors (1913–76), “la”, in Dictionary of the Irish Language: Based Mainly on Old and Middle Irish Materials, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, →ISBN
- Entries containing “le” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /le/
- Rhymes: -e
Article
Italian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il lo/l' |
i gli |
feminine | la/l' | le |
le f pl (singular la)
Usage notes
Contrary to la, le does not elide before words that begin with a vowel:
- le amiche ― the girlfriends
Pronoun
le f pl (masculine li, singular la)
- (accusative) them (third-person plural feminine)
- Le ho viste. ― I saw them.
Alternative forms
- -le (enclitic)
Usage notes
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Genitive | Disjunctive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | — | me | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | lui, sé | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | |||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | — | noi | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | loro, Loro1, sé | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | ||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | ||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | ||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | ||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Pronoun
le f (plural gli)
Usage notes
- In formal writing, when le is used as term of respect it is usually capitalised as Le to avoid confusion with le (“her”).
- In informal contexts often replaced with gli, especially in spoken language.
- Becomes glie when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
- Never elides.
Alternative forms
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Genitive | Disjunctive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | — | me | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | lui, sé | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | |||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | — | noi | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | loro, Loro1, sé | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | ||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | ||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | ||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | ||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
References
- Patota, Giuseppe (2002) Lineamenti di grammatica storica dell'italiano (in Italian), Bologna: il Mulino, →ISBN, page 127
Maltese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lɛː/
Mandarin
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Mauritian Creole
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lø, le/
Middle French
Neapolitan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /le/
- Rhymes: -e
Coordinate terms
Number | Person | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Reflexive | Possessive | Prepositional |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | first-person | io (i') | me | mìo, mìa, mieje, meje | me, méne | ||
second-person, familiar | tu | te | tùjo, tòja, tùoje, tòje | te, téne | |||
second-person, formal | vuje | ve | vuósto, vósta, vuóste, vóste | vuje | |||
third-person, masculine | ìsso | 'o, 'u (lo, lu) | 'i, 'e (li, le) | se | sùjo, sòja, sùoje, sòje | ìsso | |
third-person, feminine | éssa | 'a (la) | 'e (le) | éssa | |||
plural | first-person | nuje | ce | nuósto, nòsta, nuóste, nòste | nuje | ||
second-person, plural | vuje | ve | vuósto, vòsta, vuóste, vòste | vuje | |||
third-person, masculine | ìsse | 'i, 'e (li, le) | llòro | se | llòro (invariable) | llòro | |
third-person, feminine | llòro | 'e (le) |
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 2
From Old Norse hlæja (“to laugh”), from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *klek-, *kleg- (“to shout”).
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /leː/
Etymology 2
From Old Norse hlæja (“to laugh”), from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *klek-, *kleg- (“to shout”). Akin to English laugh.
Old French
Alternative forms
- lo (9th century in The Sequence of Saint Eulalia and 10th century in La Vie de Saint Léger)
Article
le
- the (masculine singular oblique definite article)
- (Picardy, Anglo-Norman) the (feminine singular definite article)
Inflection
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /le/
- Rhymes: -e
Pronoun
le m (unstressed dative form of ei)
- (indirect object, third-person masculine plural) to them (all-male or mixed group)
Pronoun
le f (unstressed dative form of ele)
- (indirect object, third-person feminine plural) to them (all-female group)
Samoan
Usage notes
Only in the singular. Sometimes used where the indefinite article would be used in English.
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish la, from Proto-Celtic *let-, from Proto-Celtic *letos (“side”) (compare leath, Welsh lled).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lʲɛ/, /le/
Preposition
le
Usage notes
- This form is used before nouns without the definite article; before the definite article the form leis is used.
Serbo-Croatian
Adverb
le (Cyrillic spelling ле)
- (archaic) only
- 1556, Hanibal Lucić, U vrime ko čisto
- Nego se varteći dugo tuj zamani,
- Goro, le htih reći, zbogome ostani.
- 1556, Hanibal Lucić, U vrime ko čisto
Southern Ndebele
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /le/
Pronoun
le
- To him, for him (dative of él)
- Mi mamá va a escribirle una carta. — My mom is going to write him a letter.
- To her, for her (dative of ella)
- Le dio un beso a Ana. — He gave Ana a kiss.
- To it, for it (dative of ello)
- ¡Ponle esfuerzo! — Put some effort into it!
- To you, for you (formal; dative of usted)
- ¿A usted le gustan los caballos? — Do you like horses?
Usage notes
- Though le is usually the indirect object form of the direct object pronouns lo/la, it is often used as a direct object as well...e.g., «yo le amo» (I love him). This phenomenon is known as leísmo.
- Note that when a sentence contains a noun that is an indirect object, a redundant indirect object le (or its plural form les) is also required; for example «yo le daré el libro a Jorge» (literally, "I him will give the book to Jorge"), where him/le corresponds to Jorge. This type of pronoun is obligatory. Both of the object pronouns le and les become se when followed by the direct object lo/la/los/las; hence, «yo se lo daré» (I will give it to him/her/them) rather than «yo le/les lo daré».
See also
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo/la5 | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Swahili
Inflection
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish lēia, lea, from Old Norse hlæja (“to laugh”), from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /leː/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -eː
Conjugation
Derived terms
- småle
- leende
Turkish
Vietnamese
Noun
(classifier cây) le
Xhosa
Zulu
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlé/
Inflection
Stem -lé | ||
---|---|---|
Full form | lé | |
Locative | kule | |
Full form | lé | |
Locative | kule | |
Copulative | yile | |
Possessive forms | ||
Modifier | Substantive | |
Class 1 | wale | owale |
Class 2 | bale | abale |
Class 3 | wale | owale |
Class 4 | yale | eyale |
Class 5 | lale | elale |
Class 6 | ale | awale |
Class 7 | sale | esale |
Class 8 | zale | ezale |
Class 9 | yale | eyale |
Class 10 | zale | ezale |
Class 11 | lwale | olwale |
Class 14 | bale | obale |
Class 15 | kwale | okwale |
Class 17 | kwale | okwale |
Inflection
Stem -lé | ||
---|---|---|
Full form | lé | |
Locative | kule | |
Full form | lé | |
Locative | kule | |
Copulative | yile | |
Possessive forms | ||
Modifier | Substantive | |
Class 1 | wale | owale |
Class 2 | bale | abale |
Class 3 | wale | owale |
Class 4 | yale | eyale |
Class 5 | lale | elale |
Class 6 | ale | awale |
Class 7 | sale | esale |
Class 8 | zale | ezale |
Class 9 | yale | eyale |
Class 10 | zale | ezale |
Class 11 | lwale | olwale |
Class 14 | bale | obale |
Class 15 | kwale | okwale |
Class 17 | kwale | okwale |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “le”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “le (2)”