ne
English
Etymology
From Middle English ne, from Old English ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nə/
Adverb
ne (not comparable)
- (obsolete) Not.
- 1481, William Caxton, Lyf of the Noble and Crysten Prynce, Charles the Grete:
- I ne entende but onely to reduce thauncyent ryme in to prose.
- I ne intend, but only to reduce thauncient rhyme into prose.
- I ne entende but onely to reduce thauncyent ryme in to prose.
- c1500, Melusine (translation):
- For she ne dare doo, but to commande.
- 1512, Robert Copland, The History of Helyas, Knight of The Swan:
- And whan the good quene herde these pyteous tydynges lytel lacked that the ne dyed for sorowe / wherfore all lamentably the began to complayne her sayenge.
- 1513, Gavin Douglas, The Aeneid (translation):
- To suffir exile he said that he ne couth.
- 1513, Gavin Douglas, The Aeneid (translation):
- I ne ask na land, nor realm.
- c1520, Andria by Terence (translation):
- This shold haue bene his skuce at the lest / And it ne had bene but good & honest.
- c1520, Andria by Terence (translation):
- O so incessaunt thow ad in thy desyre / For so that thow thy mynde now mayst haue / Thow ne caryst what thow dost requyre.
- 1550, The Mirror for Magistrates:
- For he ne had, nor could increase his line.
- 1562, Arthur Brooke, The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet:
- In geving me to him whom I ne can, ne may, ne ought to love.
- 1576, William Lambarde, A perambulation of Kent:
- Mary (quoth the king) so might me mine, ne haddest thou been Earle Godwine: casting in his dish the murder of his brother Alfred, which was done to death at Elie by the Counsell of Godwine.
- 1579, Edmund Spenser, The Shepheardes Calender:
- Ne durst again his fieri face out-show.
- 1587, Gascoigne and Kinwelmershe, Jocasta:
- Ioc: How can that be and thou my ioy in warre? Po: Henceforth n'am I your ioy ne yet your sonne.
- c1590, William Fowler, The Works of William Fowler:
- What happs might chance me I ne knewe.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene:
- His forces faile, ne can no lenger fight.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene:
- As when a ship, that flyes faire vnder saile, / An hidden rocke escaped hath vnwares, / That lay in waite her wrack for to bewaile, / The Marriner yet halfe amazed stares / At perill past, and yet it doubt ne dares / To ioy at his foole-happie ouersight.
- 1591, John Phillip, A Commemoration on the Life and Death of the Right Honourable, Sir Christopher Hatton:
- And now sweete death most welcome vnto mee, thy stroakes ne can, ne shall me once dismay.
- 1592, Robert Greene, A Looking Glass for London:
- And twenty thousand infants that ne wot the right hand from the left.
- 1607, Thomas Walkington, The Optick Glasse of Humors:
- But when he spoke, his plenteous words did flow / Like to thick-falling flakes of winter snow, / Ne any couth his wit so hiely straine.
- 1614, John Davies of Hereford, Eclogue Between Young Willy the SInger of His Native Pastorals, and Old Wernocke His Friend:
- Now, siker ( Wernocke ) thou hast split the marke / Albe that I ne wot I han mis-song: / But, for I am so yong, I dread my warke / Woll be misualued both of old and yong.
- 1812, Lord Byron, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Canto I, 2:
- Whilom in Albion's isle there dwelt a youth, / Who ne in virtue's ways did take delight [...].
- 1481, William Caxton, Lyf of the Noble and Crysten Prynce, Charles the Grete:
Conjunction
ne
- (obsolete) Nor.
- 1484, Original Letters, King Edward the Fifth, under the direction of his Uncle, to Otes Gilbert, Esq., commanding him to receive Knighthood at the expected Coronation:
- That than I shall not geve therunto faith ne credence, nor therfore put them to any maner ponyssement, before that they or any of them so accused may be at their lawful defence and answer.
- 1489, The gouernayle of helthe:
- And therin is no drede nor bytternes ne expences, but therin is pure recreacyon of body and of soule soo it be donn in clene places.
- 1489, The gouernayle of helthe:
- Be not to hasty ne sodenly vengeable, to poure folke doo no vyolence.
- 1489, The gouernayle of helthe:
- Moreouer no man be so hardy to drynk fastyng cold water, ne after that he hath accompanyed wyth a woman, ne after gret trauayle, ne after exersice tyll he haue fyrst rested hym, ne by nyght namely yf he haue do gloue tofore.
- 1500, The Example of Euyll Tongues:
- A false tonge wyll euer Imagyne and saye / That neuer by creature was sayd ne thought.
- 1509, Wynkyn de Worde, The fyftene joyes of maryage:
- For chastyce can he not by daye ne nyght his wyfe but by his betynge maketh lyght and hote the loue bytwene her and her frende.
- 1511, The Records of the City of Norwich:
- Item, that noo woman nor maide weyve any worsted stamynges ne sayes for that that thei be nott of sufficient powre to werke the said worsteddes as thei owte to be wrought, upon payne of iij s iiij d as often as thei be founde wevyng to be devyded and leuyed in maner and forme aboue expressed.
- 1520, Richard Pynson, The Lyfe of The Blessed Martyr Saynte Thomas:
- That they shulde no lenger kepe ne susteyne Thomas the archebysshope.
- 1526, The Grete Herball:
- The rote ought to be gadered in the begynnynge of somer and dryed in the sonne bycause [tha]¬t it corrupt ne rotte bycause of the moystnesse[,] & it may be kept two yeres;
- 1535, Thomas Elyot, The Education or Bringing up of Children:
- For lyinge is a detestable vice, and to be hated of all men, ne to be suffred amonge seruantis ne other persones[,] howe poure estate so euer they be of.
- 1542, Nicholas Udall, Apophthegms (translation):
- Thus some persones beeyng inuited and exhorted to falle to the studie of lettres, make their excuse that thei bee sickely, that thei can not slepe ne take their naturall reste in the nightes.
- 1558, Thomas Phaer, The Aeneid (translation):
- We Moores be not so base of wit, ne yet so blunt of mynd.
- c1560, Edward Gosynhill, The Schoolhouse of Women:
- The deuyll gossyp, ought me a shame / And prayde I am nowe, euerye penye I wolde god he had, be blinde and lame / The daye and houre, he fyrste woed me / Ware not gossyp, these chyldren thre I wolde not tary, ye may be sure / Longer with hym, daye ne houre.
- 1562, Arthur Brooke, The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet:
- Neither extremitie, ne gentle meanes could boote; she hydeth close within her brest, her secret sorowes roote.
- 1562, Arthur Brooke, The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet:
- Ne on her teares or plaint, at all to have remorse, but (if they can not with her will,) to bring the mayde perforce.
- 1570, John Thynne, The Debate betweene Pride and Lowlines:
- His hart encreaseth not thereby ne lesseth as edoon these fooles.
- 1577, The Hereford Municipal Manuscript:
- And that no victualer ne other person or persons forestall any kynde of victualls cominge to the said Cyty or within the precyncte of the same before the same victualls be come to the place.
- 1587, Gascoigne and Kinwelmershe, Jocasta:
- Ioc: How can that be and thou my ioy in warre? Po: Henceforth n'am I your ioy ne yet your sonne.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.1:
- But to her cry they list not lenden eare, / Ne ought the more their mightie strokes surceasse.
- 1634, W. Lathum:
- Whose worth all outward is in shew alone / But inward sent hath not, ne vertue none.
- 1798, Samuel Coleridge, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner", ll. 443-6:
- The pang, the curse, with which they died, / Had never pass'd away; / I could not draw my een from theirs / Ne turn them up to pray.
- 1484, Original Letters, King Edward the Fifth, under the direction of his Uncle, to Otes Gilbert, Esq., commanding him to receive Knighthood at the expected Coronation:
Usage notes
- Ne survives only as part of the oral tradition in rural Scotland and Northern England. It is almost never used in common speech.
Albanian
Etymology
The nominative-accusative is from accusative Proto-Albanian *nōs, stressed form of clitic Proto-Indo-European *nos, which is continued by the clitic na. Neve and nesh are innovated, but Gheg retains dative nahe (Old Albanian nae) from a genitive *nosōm.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nɛ]
Declension
See also
References
- Fialuur i voghel Sccyp e ltinisct (Small Dictionary of Albanian and Latin), page 85, by P. Jak Junkut, 1895, Sckoder
Blagar
Breton
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *ni.
Catalan
Usage notes
- Ne cannot be used more than once as the object of a given verb.
- While ne is usually used to replace phrases beginning with the prepostion de, adverbial phrases (eg de pressa) are replaced with hi.
- Ne is sometimes used instead of ho to replace an adjective or indefinite noun as the predicate of a verb.
- Ne is sometimes used popularly to add emphasis to a sentence: in this sense, it has no translation in English.
See also
Chuukese
Preposition
ne
- Expressing a fraction or a ratio. Preceded by a nominator and followed by the denominator.
Dalmatian
Deg
References
- Maurice Delafosse, Vocabulaires comparatifs de plus de 60 langues ou dialectes parlés à la Côte d’Ivoire et dans les régions limitrophes : avec des notes linguistiques et ethnologiques, une bibliographie et une carte (Paris, E. Leroux, 1904), page 231
Dutch
Alternative forms
Etymology
From nen through apocope, itself a contraction of eenen, enen, the now-obsolete accusative form of een.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Usage notes
ne is used primarily in the dialects that retain the three-gender split. It is only used for masculine words, while een is used for feminine and neuter words.
The form nen is used before vowels (as the English an) and certain consonants (commonly b, d and t), differing from dialect to dialect.
See also
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *ne.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈne/, [ˈne̞]
- Hyphenation: ne
- Rhymes: -e
Pronoun
ne (plural, stem nii-)
Inflection
The case suffixes are mostly regular (except inessive and elative singular). Abessive is never used in singular and extremely seldom in plural. Instructive niin is more or less a theoretical construction, since it has developed into an adverb, and its current meaning cannot be derived from ne.
Declension of ne
|
Determiner
ne
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nə/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -ə
Particle
ne
- (literary) not (used alone to negate a verb; now chiefly with the verbs pouvoir, savoir, cesser and oser)
- 1713, Voltaire, letter, Dec 1713:
- Je ne sais si je dois vous appeler Monsieur ou Mademoiselle […] .
- I don't know if I should call you Mr or Miss.
- 1826, Victor Hugo, Bug-Jargal, XXXVIII:
- Le prince de France nous aime, celui d'Espagne ne cesse de nous secourir.
- The prince of France loves us, that of Spain never stops helping us.
- 1868, Emile Zola, Madeleine Férat:
- Je n’ose te jurer que je t'aime toujours, parce que je sens bien que tu ne me croirais pas.
- I dare not swear that I still love you, for I sense that you would not believe me.
- 1943, Jean-Paul Sartre, Réflexions sur la question juive:
- Mais je ne le crois pas : un homme qui trouve naturel de dénoncer des hommes ne peut avoir notre conception de l'humain […] .
- But I don't think so: a man who finds it natural to denounce men cannot have our idea of being human.
- 1713, Voltaire, letter, Dec 1713:
- not, no (used before a verb, with a subsequent element following; see Usage Notes, below)
- 1851, Henri Murger, Le pays latin:
- Je ne sais rien de plus odieux que l'hypocrisie.
- I don't know anything more odious than hypocrisy.
- 1998, Michel Houellebecq, Les Particules Élémentaires:
- Bruno se rendit compte qu'il ne serait jamais accepté par les hippies […] .
- Bruno realised that he'd never be accepted by the hippies.
- 2012, Le Monde, 3 May 2012:
- "Il n’y a pas eu un truc auquel on ne s'attendait pas", affirme Stéphane Le Foll.
- ‘There wasn't anything we weren't expecting,’ stated Stéphane Le Foll.
- 1851, Henri Murger, Le pays latin:
- Used in a subordinate clause before a subjunctive verb (especially when the main verb expresses doubt or fear), to provide extra overtones of doubt or uncertainty (but not negating its verb); the so-called "pleonastic" or "expletive" ne.
- 1829, Victor Hugo, Le Derner Jour d'un Condamné, XXVII:
- Ah! mes cheveux blanchiront avant que ma tête ne tombe!
- Oh! My hair will go white before my head falls!
- 1837, George Sand, Mauprat:
- Oui, mais je crains qu'elle ne soit plus malade qu'elle ne l'avoue, repartit l'abbé.
- ‘Yes, but I think she might be more ill than she's letting on,’ the priest replied.
- 1829, Victor Hugo, Le Derner Jour d'un Condamné, XXVII:
- In comparative clauses usually translated with the positive sense of the subsequent negative
- apprendre le français est plus facile qu'on ne pense
- learning French is easier than you think
Usage notes
- Ne is typically followed by a verb and then a negative adverbial pas, plus, jamais, guère, or (now literary) point; by a negative pronoun personne or rien; or by a negative determiner, aucun or nul.
- In colloquial French, ne is often omitted:
- Je le veux pas ― I don't want it
- In literary French, ne can be used alone with certain verbs, as specified above.
Further reading
- “ne” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
French grammar: Negation on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nə/
Interjection
ne
- (colloquial) right?; is it?; is it not?; tag question
- Wir müssen da lang, ne?
- We need to go that way, don't we?
- Du hast keine Geschwister, ne?
- You don't have siblings, do you?
- Wir müssen da lang, ne?
Synonyms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /neː/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nə/
German Low German
See also
- iähne
Gothic
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈnɛ]
Audio (file)
Usage notes
Used before the verb in an imperative clause to negate that clause; ne is always used instead of nem in the imperative mood.
Derived terms
(Compound words)
(Expressions)
Isthmus Zapotec
Istro-Romanian
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ne/
- Rhymes: -e
Usage notes
- Sono di Genova; ne sono venuto stamattina.
- I am from Genova; I came from there this morning.
Pronoun
ne
- about it
- Ne ho sentito parlare. ― I have heard about it.
- Cosa ne pensi? ― What do you think about it?
- of it
- C'è della torta? Ne voglio una fetta. ― Is there any cake? I want a slice of it.
- of them (sometimes not translated in English)
- Non ne ho più. ― I've got no more (of them) left.
Usage notes
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Genitive | Disjunctive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | — | me | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | lui, sé | |
f 1 | lei, Lei1 | la, l', La1, -la | le3, Le1, -le | lei, Lei1, sé | |||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | — | noi | |||
second | —1 | voi, Voi1 | vi, v', -vi, Vi1 | voi, Voi1 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, -li | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | loro, Loro1, sé | |
f 1 | le, -le | ||||||||
1 | The feminine gender third person forms and second plural person forms are also used as formal terms of address referring to second singular person subjects, sometimes capitalised as Lei, Vi, Loro etc. to distinguish them. | ||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | ||||||||
3 | In informal speech sometimes replaced with gli (nonstandard). |
Contraction
ne
- Apocopic form of nel
- Massimo Troisi ha vinto un oscar per la sua interpretazione ne "Il postino".
- Massimo Troisi won an Oscar for his performance in "Il Postino".
Usage notes
See also
Kurdish
Interjection
ne
- no (used to show disagreement or negation)
This Kurdish entry was created from the translations listed at no. It may be less reliable than other entries, and may be missing parts of speech or additional senses. Please also see ne in the Kurdish Wiktionary. This notice will be removed when the entry is checked. (more information) December 2008
Ladin
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /neː/
Etymology 1
Extended from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”) (whence Old Latin ne (“not”)).
Derived terms
- nē quidem (not even)
Conjunction
nē (+ subjunctive)
- that not, in order not to and similar; lest
- Vereor, ne videatur oratio mea stulta. :
- I fear lest my oration seem foolish.
Usage notes
- Not to be confused with the affirmative particle ne (see Etymology 2).
Etymology 2
From the same source as enim, Ancient Greek νή (nḗ), ναί (naí).
Latvian
Lithuanian
Interjection
ne
- no (used to show disagreement or negation)
This Lithuanian entry was created from the translations listed at no. It may be less reliable than other entries, and may be missing parts of speech or additional senses. Please also see ne in the Lithuanian Wiktionary. This notice will be removed when the entry is checked. (more information) October 2009
Luganda
See also
References
The Essentials of Luganda, J. D. Chesswas, 4th edition. Oxford University Press: Nairobi. 1967, p. 94.
Mandarin
Pronunciation
audio (file)
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Usage notes
Immediately precedes the verb. Often found in combination with the synonymous niet or another negating adverb, which is placed elsewhere.
Alternative forms
Descendants
- Dutch: n- (prefix)
Middle French
Alternative forms
Adverb
ne
- not (used to negate a verb)
- 1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 22:
- Ha ha pourdieu franc chevalier et preux ne me occisez mie
- Ha! For the love of God honest and valiant knight, don't kill me!
- 1530, François Rabelais, Pantagruel
- et ne m'advint oncques de mentir ou asseurer chose que ne feust veritable
- It never happened to me to lie or to assure someone of something that wasn't truthful
- et ne m'advint oncques de mentir ou asseurer chose que ne feust veritable
- 1562, Henry IV of France, Lettres Missives
- Catherine de Médicis, ne tarda pas à faire venir auprès de lui, en 1561, sa femme et ses enfants.
- Catherine of Medicis did not hesitate to bring to him, in 1561, his wife and his children
- Catherine de Médicis, ne tarda pas à faire venir auprès de lui, en 1561, sa femme et ses enfants.
-
Usage notes
- As in modern French, may be used in combination with another adverb, such as ne... iamais, ne... pas, ne... gaire, ne... mie, ne... oncques, ne... poin(c)t and ne... rien(s), but such an adverb is not required.
Etymology 2
See ny
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-ne, from Proto-Bantu *-nàì.
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Old French
Descendants
- French: ne
Conjunction
ne
- neither (not one or the other)
- circa 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:
- A lor seignor gaires n’antendent
Ne les serors ne li cinc frere- They didn't listen to their father
Neither the sisters nor the five brothers
- They didn't listen to their father
-
Phuthi
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-ne, from Proto-Bantu *-nàì.
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Romanian
Alternative forms
- нє (pre-1860s Cyrillic form)
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin nīs, from Latin nos. Compare nă (old form) and Aromanian nã.
Pronoun
ne (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of noi)
Related terms
- noi (stressed accusative)
Pronoun
Related terms
- nouă (stressed dative)
Scots
Etymology
From Old English ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /neɪ/, /nɛ/, /nə/, /n(ː)/
Adverb
ne
- (archaic, rare) Not.
- Ne look at the sky, when ye tread bumpy roads.(A Northern English folk saying)
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Conjunction
ne
- (archaic, rare) Nor.
- Ne mother, ne father, ne friends, ne foes ne-knew what had worthen of him.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Usage notes
- Ne is a negative particle and it is used preverbally, i.e. it is placed directly before a verb, for example,ː"What haps might chance me I ne knew" (William Fowler (makar), 1590) and "To suffer exile he said that he ne couth" (Gavin Douglas, Virgil's Aeneid, 1513). Now archaic and chiefly dialectal, it is still understood and used by a few rural speakers in Scotland and Northern England.
- As a conjunction, it is placed immediately before the word it negates as inː ne mickle, ne little; Twas ne man, ne woman.. ne beast; ne rich, ne poor, ne bold, ne meek, ne stong, ne weak can escape God's wrath.
- In urban areas and cities became displaced by na or nae.
Further reading
- “ne” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ne/
Particle
ne (Cyrillic spelling не)
- not (denoting negation)
- ne znam — I don't know
- on je ne samo darovit, već i jako marljiv — he is not only talented, but also very industrious
- htio-ne htio — whether you want it or not
- da ne spavaš? / ne spavaš li? / zar ne spavaš? — aren't you sleeping?
- ne mogu, a da ne.. — I cannot but...
- reći ne — to say no; refuse, decline
- ne manje nego/od.. — no less than...
- ne doći — to fail to come, not come
- .... Zar ne? — ... Aren't you? (Isn't it?, Do you?, Don't you?)
- "neću" — I won't
Synonyms
- jok (dialectal)
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnɛ́/, /nɛ/
- Tonal orthography: nȅ, ne
Swazi
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-ne, from Proto-Bantu *-nàì.
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Turkish
Etymology 1
From Ottoman Turkish نه (ne, “what, whatever, how”), from Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (ne, “what”), from Proto-Turkic *nē- (“what”).[1] The only Turkic root beginning with /n/. The earliest PT form must have contained a unique initial nasal, having yielded specific reflexes in modern languages.
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰤𐰀 (ne, “what, which”), Karakhanid [script needed] (nē, “what”), Old Uyghur [script needed] (ne, “what”), Azerbaijani nə (“what”), Bashkir ни (ni, “what”), Chuvash мӗн (mĕn, “what”), Kazakh не (ne, “what”), Khakas ниме (nime, “what”), Kyrgyz не (ne, “what”), Tatar ни (ni, “what”), Turkmen nǟmä (“what”), Tuvan чүү (čüü, “what”), Uyghur نېمە (nëme, “what”), Uzbek na (“what”), Yakut туох (tuox, “what”).
Pronoun
ne
Declension
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | ne | |
Definite accusative | neyi | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | ne | neler |
Definite accusative | neyi | neleri |
Dative | neye | nelere |
Locative | nede | nelerde |
Ablative | neden | nelerden |
Genitive | nenin | nelerin |
Related terms
Adverb
ne
Etymology 2
From Ottoman Turkish نه (ne, “neither; nor”), from Persian نه (na). Cognate to Old English ne (“not”).
Usage notes
- Not used alone but rather as ne...ne..., the way it is used is directly copied from Persian نه...نه...(“neither; nor”).
Antonyms
See also
References
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*nē-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Tuvaluan
Ura (Vanuatu)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ne/, [ne]
Further reading
- Terry Crowley, Ura: A Disappearing Language of Southern Vanuatu (1999)
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-ne, from Proto-Bantu *-nàì.
Inflection
Adjective concord, tone class L | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |||
positive | negative | positive | negative | |
1st singular | engimune | engingemune | ngimune | angimune |
2nd singular | omune | ongemune | umune | awumune |
1st plural | esibane | esingebane | sibane | asibane |
2nd plural | enibane | eningebane | nibane | anibane |
Class 1 | omune | ongemune | mune | akamune |
Class 2 | abane | abangebane | bane | ababane |
Class 3 | omune | ongemune | mune | awumune |
Class 4 | emine | engemine | mine | ayimine |
Class 5 | eline | elingeline | line | aliline |
Class 6 | amane | angemane | mane | awamane |
Class 7 | esine | esingesine | sine | asisine |
Class 8 | ezine | ezingezine | zine | azizine |
Class 9 | ene | engene, engeyine | ine, yine | ayiyine |
Class 10 | ezine | ezingezine | zine | azizine |
Class 11 | olune | olungelune | lune | alulune |
Class 14 | obune | obungebune | bune | abubune |
Class 15 | okune | okungekune | kune | akukune |
Class 17 | okune | okungekune | kune | akukune |
Derived terms
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-ne”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ne”