mi
Translingual
Alternative forms
- (roman numeral): MI
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miː/
Audio (GA) (file) - Rhymes: -iː
- Homophone: me
Etymology 1
From Latin mīra, from the first word of the third line of Ut queant laxis, the medieval hymn which solfège was based on because its lines started on each note of the scale successively.
Noun
mi (uncountable)
- (music) A syllable used in sol-fa (solfège) to represent the third note of a major scale.
Translations
Ajië
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mi]
References
- Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Albanian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *me-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mi]
See also
Etymology 2
From Proto-Albanian *mūh-, from Proto-Indo-European *múh₂s (“mouse”). Cognate with Latin mūs and Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs).[1]
Declension
indefinite forms (trajta të pashquara) |
definite forms (trajta të shquara) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (numri njëjës) |
plural (numri shumës) |
singular (numri njëjës) |
plural (numri shumës) | ||
nominative (emërore) |
mi | minj | miu | minjtë | |
accusative (kallëzore) |
mi | minj | miun | minjtë | |
genitive (gjinore) (i/e/të/së) |
miu | minjve | miut | minjvet | |
dative (dhanore) |
miu | minjve | miut | minjvet | |
ablative (rrjedhore) |
miu | minjsh | miut | minjvet |
See also
References
- Stefan Schumacher & Joachim Matzinger, Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 2013), 226.
Amele
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
- John R. Roberts, Amele Organised Phonology Data (1998)
Ampari Dogon
Further reading
- Roger Blench, Ampari Pa, a Dogon language in Northern Mali and its affinities (2005)
Arikapú
Further reading
- E R Ribeiro, Nimuendajú Was Right: The Inclusion of the Jabutí Language Family (IJAL)
Aromanian
Pronoun
mi (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of io)
Bagupi
Baimak
Bau
Berti
References
- Ehret, Christopher (2001) A Historical-Comparative Reconstruction of Nilo-Saharan (SUGIA, Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika: Beihefte; 12), Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, →ISBN.
Bislama
Pronoun
mi
Usage notes
Mi is often placed before a noun to mean my in high-register speech, but in low-register speech, blong mi is placed after the noun to achieve the same meaning.
Bourguignon
Noun
mi m (mis)
References
- Thomas Mignard (1870). Vocabulaire raisonné et comparé du dialecte et du patois de la province de Bourgogne.
Buginese
Particle
mi
- ᨆᨗ: which means only, e.g. ᨉᨘᨕᨆᨗ /duaːmi/ means only two.
Catalan
Etymology 1
From Latin mihi, through a Vulgar Latin *mi.
Declension
Chuukese
Dalmatian
Egyptian
Esperanto
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - IPA(key): /mi/
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmi/, [ˈmi]
- Hyphenation: mi
Etymology
See mikä.
Declension
Declension of mi
|
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Audio (Paris) (file)
Further reading
- “mi” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Friulian
Etymology
From Latin mē, accusative of ego. As an indirect objective, possibly in part from Latin mihi, dative singular of ego, through a Vulgar Latin * mi.
Pronoun
mi (first person direct object, indirect object)
Fula
Usage notes
Ga
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Gal
Galician
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Garus
Gaulish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *mī, from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-, *(e)me-n- (“me”).
Inflection
Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | mī | snīs |
Accusative | me | snīs |
Genitive | mon | ansron |
Dative | moi | amē |
Ablative | me | ame |
Instrumental | moi | ? |
Locative | moi | amē |
Girawa
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
- Patricia Lillie, Girawa Dictionary
Guinea-Bissau Creole
Etymology
From Portuguese mim. Cognates with Kabuverdianu mi.
Gumalu
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmi]
Audio (file)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Uralic *me.
Declension
Derived terms
Note: In all these forms, mi is optional and only serves for emphasis.
- mialattunk, miáltalunk, mielőttünk etc. (mi + a postposition with the first-person plural personal suffix; see Appendix:Hungarian postpositions)
- minekünk, mivelünk, mihozzánk etc. (mi + one of the declined forms listed in the chart above; see Appendix:Hungarian pronouns)
Alternative forms
- mink (dialectal)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Uralic *mi.
Synonyms
Pronoun
mi
- (interrogative) what?
- Mi van a kezedben? ― What is in your hand?
- (after van or nincs in any tense and mood, followed by an infinitive) something, anything, nothing
- Nincs mit hozzátennem. ― I have nothing to add.
- Még szerencse, hogy volt mit enni! ― It's lucky there was something to eat!
- Örülnék, ha lenne mit nézni a tévében. ― I would be glad if there were something to watch on TV.
- Van mire tenni a vázát? ― Is there anything to put the vase on?
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | mi | mik |
accusative | mit | miket |
dative | minek | miknek |
instrumental | mivel | mikkel |
causal-final | miért | mikért |
translative | mivé | mikké |
terminative | miig | mikig |
essive-formal | miként | mikként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | miben | mikben |
superessive | min | miken |
adessive | minél | miknél |
illative | mibe | mikbe |
sublative | mire | mikre |
allative | mihez | mikhez |
elative | miből | mikből |
delative | miről | mikről |
ablative | mitől | miktől |
Possessive forms of mi | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | mim | mijeim |
2nd person sing. | mid | mijeid |
3rd person sing. | mije | mijei |
1st person plural | mink | mijeink |
2nd person plural | mitek | mijeitek |
3rd person plural | mijük | mijeik |
Derived terms
Indonesian
Interlingua
Isebe
Italian
Etymology 1
From Latin mē (accusative of ego), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-. As an indirect object pronoun, possibly in part from Latin mihi, dative singular of ego, through a form mi.
Alternative forms
- -mi (enclitic)
Pronoun
mi (first person, objective case)
Usage notes
Becomes me when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Genitive | Disjunctive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | — | me | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | lui, sé | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | |||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | — | noi | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | loro, Loro1, sé | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | ||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | ||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | ||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | ||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Kare (New Guinea)
Karelian
Lamboya
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /miː/
References
- mi in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- mi in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- mi in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- mi in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Ligurian
Etymology
From Latin mē, accusative of egō (“I”), from Proto-Italic *egō (accusative *mē), from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂, (accusative *m̥(m)é ~ me).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Low German
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Etymology
From Middle Low German mî from Old Saxon mī, from Proto-Germanic *miz.
Usage notes
References
- Charles V. J. Russ (editor): The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic survey. First published in 1990, reprinted 2000, page 61, note (e): „[...] southern Westphalian dialects, alone of the Low German dialects, do distinguish acc. mik and dik from dat. mi and di.“
- Ein Sohn der rothen Erde (a son of the red earth): Niu lustert mol! Plattdeutsche Erzählungen und Anekdoten im Paderborner Dialekt. Celle, 1870, page 7: „Fürwörter. Die persönlichen lauten: ik, meyner, mey, mik; diu oder du, deyner, dey, dik [...]“. Translation: „Pronouns. The personal pronouns are: ik, (genitive) meyner, (dative) mey, (accusative) mik; diu or du, deyner, dey, dik [...])“
Malay
Mandarin
Romanization
mi
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Matepi
Mawan
Middle Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miː/, /mi/
Middle English
Etymology
Apocopated form of min, myn, from Old English mīn (“my, mine”), from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz (“my, mine”, pron.) (genitive of *ek (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *méynos (“my; mine”).
Usage notes
mi is usually used before a consonant (other than h-), while min is usually used before a vowel or h-, much as with Modern English an/a.
Related terms
References
- “min, (pron.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 6 May 2018.
Middle Low German
Etymology
From Old Saxon mī, from Proto-Germanic *miz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miː/
Declension
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
3rd person singular | |||||
m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
n | it (et) | ||||
f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en; ehnen, ohnen, öhnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. |
Mosimo
Munit
Murupi
Nadëb
Synonyms
- naʔɤy
References
- Language at Large: Essays on Syntax and Semantics (Aikhenvald, Dixon), citing Martins (1994)
Nake
North Frisian
Norwegian Bokmål
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miː/ (example of pronunciation)
Nzadi
Old Frisian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *miz.
Inflection
Old Saxon
Alternative forms
- mik (for the accusative)
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *miz.
Declension
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
Panim
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
- Panim Talking Dictionary
Pijin
Pronoun
mi
See also
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmi/
- Hyphenation: mi
- Rhymes: -i
Etymology 1
From Latin mi[ra] in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.
Rapting
Rempi
Samosa
Saruga
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish mé, from Proto-Celtic *mī.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mi]
Derived terms
- mise (emphatic)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *my
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mîː/
Pronoun
mȋ (Cyrillic spelling ми̑)
Declension
Pronoun
mi (Cyrillic spelling ми)
Seta
References
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66
Sihan
Silopi
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *my.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /míː/
Inflection
singular | |||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | jàz | tí | — |
accusative | méne, me | tébe, te | sébe, se |
genitive | méne, me | tébe, te | sébe, se |
dative | méni, mi | tébi, ti | sébi, si |
locative | méni | tébi | sébi |
instrumental | menój, máno | tebój, tábo | sebój, sábo |
possessive | mój | tvój | svój |
dual | |||
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | mídva m, médve/mídve f or n | vídva m, védve/vídve f or n | — |
accusative | náju | váju | sébe, se |
genitive | náju | váju | sébe, se |
dative | náma | váma | sébi, si |
locative | náju | váju | sébi |
instrumental | náma | váma | sebój, sábo |
possessive | nájin | vájin | svój |
plural | |||
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | mí m, mé f or n | ví m, vé f or n | — |
accusative | nàs | vàs | sébe, se |
genitive | nàs | vàs | sébe, se |
dative | nàm | vàm | sébi, si |
locative | nàs | vàs | sébi |
instrumental | nàmi | vàmi | sebój, sábo |
possessive | nàš | vàš | svój |
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
- Rhymes: -i
Adjective
mi (first-person singular possessive singular, plural mis)
Usage notes
The forms mi and mis are only used before and within the noun phrase of the modified noun. In other positions, a form of mío is used instead.
- Son mis libros. ― They are my books.
- Los libros son míos. ― The books are mine.
Related terms
possessor | preposed | postposed or standalone | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
possessee | possessee | ||||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | ||||
First person: | singular: | mi | mis | mío | mía | míos | mías |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | nuestro | nuestra | nuestros | nuestras | ||
Second person (informal): |
singular: | tu | tus | tuyo | tuya | tuyos | tuyas |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | vuestro | vuestra | vuestros | vuestras | ||
Third person: | su | sus | suyo | suya | suyos | suyas |
Ter Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *mi.
Tok Pisin
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Turkish
Particle
mi
- Used to form interrogatives.
- Bugün okula gittin mi?
- Did you go to school today?
- Evli misin?
- Are you married?
Utu
Veps
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *mi.
Inflection
Inflection of mi | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | mi | ||
genitive sing. | min | ||
partitive sing. | midä | ||
partitive plur. | — | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | mi | — | |
accusative | min | — | |
genitive | min | — | |
partitive | midä | — | |
essive-instructive | min | — | |
translative | mikš | — | |
inessive | miš | — | |
elative | mišpäi | — | |
illative | mihe | — | |
adessive | mil | — | |
ablative | milpäi | — | |
allative | mille | — | |
abessive | mita | — | |
comitative | minke | — | |
prolative | midäme | — | |
approximative I | minno | — | |
approximative II | minnoks | — | |
egressive | minnopäi | — | |
terminative I | mihesai | — | |
terminative II | millesai | — | |
terminative III | — | — | |
additive I | mihepäi | — | |
additive II | millepäi | — |
Synonyms
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [mi˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [mɪj˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [mɪj˧˧]
Etymology 1
Short for lông mi, from Proto-Vietic *k-piːl or *ɓiːlʔ (“eyelid”), a cognate with mí (“eyelid”); compare Chinese 眉 (“eyebrows”) with Sino-Vietnamese reading mi, from which mày (“eyebrows”) derives.
Synonyms
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Vietic *miː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *miiʔ. See also mày.
Pronoun
mi (𠋥)
- (archaic, literary) you (second person singular pronoun)
- (chiefly Central Vietnam, derogatory in other dialects) you (second person singular pronoun, referring to a person held in low esteem)
Synonyms
Wamas
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miː/
Usage notes
Mi is typically heard only after the preposition i.
Usage notes
Mi triggers the soft mutation on the following verb. It is more common in the north; in the south, fe is used instead.
Yoidik
Zulu
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-mi”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-mi”