ek

See also: ek-, -ek, ék, -ék, Ek, EK, and ÉK

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch ik, from Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂om (“I”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɛk/

Pronoun

ek (object my, possessive my)

  1. I (subject)
    • 1976, in Tydskrif vir Letterkunde, page 19.
      Hy het na my geskop, maar ek het dit verwag en het vinnig my been gelig en dwars gedraai.
      He kicked towards me, but I expected this and quickly lifted my leg and turned it sidewards.
    • 1994, in Annemarié Van Niekerk, Vrouevertellers. 1843-1993, Tafelberg-Uitgewers (publ.), page 308.
      " […] Ek is jou vader. Ek sal jou doodslaan as jy nie luister nie!"
      " […] I am your father. I shall beat you to death if you do not listen!"
    • 2011, Kashiefa, Sedick, Zakeer & Sedeeqa Jacobs, "Die pad is toe", in No Land! No House! No Vote! Voices from Symphony Way, Pambazuka Press (publ.), page 132.
      Ek het nog nooit 'n huis gehad nie, my ouers het ook nog nooit een besit nie
      I have never owned a house, my parents also have never possessed one either.

See also
Afrikaans personal pronouns
subjective objective possessive
singular 1st ek my
2nd jy jou
2nd, formal u
3rd, masc hy hom sy
3rd, fem sy haar
3rd, neut dit sy
plural 1st ons
2nd julle julle / jul1
3rd hulle hulle / hul1
1. In the second and third persons plural, the usual possessive forms are julle and hulle (like the subjective and objective forms), but jul and hul are sometimes used instead when the sentence would otherwise be ambiguous.

Esperanto

Etymology

From ek-.

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Interjection

ek

  1. let's go

Fiji Hindi

Etymology

From Hindi एक (ek), from Sanskrit एक (éka) (or a closely related Old-Indo-Aryan language, through Prakrit), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)óykos (“one, single”).

Numeral

ek

  1. one

References
  • Fiji Hindi Dictionary
  • Siegel, Jeff (1977) Say it in Fiji Hindi, Australia: Pacific Publications, →ISBN, page 28

Icelandic

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ek, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek), from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Alternative forms
  • ég (modern)
  • eg (archaic, poetic)

Pronoun

ek

  1. (archaic) I
    Ek spurða þá, hvar ek skyldi sitja.
    I asked then, where I should sit.
Declension
  Icelandic personal pronouns
Icelandic personal pronouns
singular first person second person third person masculine third person feminine third person neuter
nominative ég, eg†, ek† þú hann hún, hon†, hón† það, þat†
accusative mig, mik† þig, þik† hann hana það, þat†
dative mér þér honum, hánum† henni því
genitive mín þín hans hennar þess
plural first person second person third person masculine third person feminine third person neuter
nominative við þið, þit† þeir þær þau
accusative okkur ykkur þá þær þau
dative okkur ykkur þeim þeim þeim
genitive okkar ykkar þeirra þeirra þeirra

Etymology 2

Inflected form of aka (“to drive”).

Verb

ek

  1. first-person singular active present indicative of aka

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐκ (ek). Also seen as a borrowing from Latin ex, with the x changed to just k so not to interfere with ex-, which shares the same origin.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɛk/

Preposition

ek

  1. (general sense) out
  2. (indicating motion) out, out of, out from, from
    Adportez stulo ek ta chambro ― Bring a chair out of that room.
    Lu prenis ca folio ek la tir-kesto ― He took this leaf from the drawer.
  3. (of materials) of, made from, made of
    Ek quon esas ta tasi? ― What are the cups made of?
    Li esas ek porcelano. ― They are made of china.
  4. (mathematics) (indication fractional parts) out of
    Nonadek ek cent. ― Ninety out of a hundred (90%).
    En ca armeo, 5 ek 100 esas ocidita, 10 ek 100 vundita.
    In this army, five out of (every) 100 were killed, and ten per cent were wounded.

Derived terms

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit एक (eka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas. Compare Hindi, Konkani, Nepali and Marathi एक (ek).

Numeral

ek

  1. one; 1

Marshallese

Pronunciation
  • MED phonemes: {yẹk}
  • IPA(key): /jɘk/, [e̯e͡ɤk]

Noun

ek

  1. fish.

References

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French avec.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Conjunction

ek

  1. and

Preposition

ek

  1. with

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old English ēac, from Proto-Germanic *auk.

Adverb

ek

  1. also, in addition, besides

Descendants

Middle Low German

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɛk/, /ek/

Pronoun

ek

  1. Alternative form of ik.

Min Nan
For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 億 (“hundred million; hundred thousand; etc.”).
(This character, ek, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 億.)
For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 厄 (“adversity; difficulty; distress; etc.”).
(This character, ek, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 厄.)
For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 啞 (“laughter; sound of laughing”).
(This character, ek, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 啞.)
For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 憶 (“to remember; to reminisce; to reflect upon; memory”).
(This character, ek, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 憶.)
For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 扼 (“grasp, clutch; choke, strangle”).
(This character, ek, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 扼.)
For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 抑 (“to press down; to keep down; to repress; to suppress; to restrain; to restrict; etc.”).
(This character, ek, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 抑.)
For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 溢 (“to [[overflow; to [[flood; etc.”).
(This character, ek, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 溢.)
For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 益 (“profit; benefit; advantage; etc.”).
(This character, ek, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 益.)
For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 臆 (“chest; breast; bosom; thought; etc.”).
(This character, ek, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 臆.)

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Norse ekki. Cognate with Danish ikke, Faroese ikki, Norwegian Nynorsk ikkje.

Adverb

ek

  1. (Sylt) not
    "Di rocht Saaken ken di Oogen ek se", sair di Litji Prins, fuar höm dit tö morki.
    "The important things can't be seen with the eyes," said the Little Prince, so he would remember this.

Novial

Preposition

ek

  1. out of, from
  2. out of (expressing a fraction or a ratio)

Old Frisian

Noun

ēk f

  1. oak

References
  1. Köbler, Gerhard, Altfriesisches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014

Old Norse
The inscription on the shaft of the Kragehul I spear.

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek), from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronoun

ek

  1. I (first-person singular pronoun)
    • 150–350, inscription on the Lindholm amulet:
      ᛖᚳᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉᛋᚨᚹᛁᛚᚨᚷᚨᛉᚺᚨᛏᛖᚳᚨ
      ek erilaz sa[w]ilagaz hateka
      I [am an] earl, Sawilagaz hight I
    • 200–475, inscription on the Kragehul I spear-shaft:
      ᛖᚳᛖ⁀ᚱᛁᛚᚨ⁀ᛉ...
      ek e⁀rila⁀z asugisalas m⁀uh⁀a h⁀aite […]
      I, earl of Asugisalaz, hight Muha, […]
    • circa 1000, Vǫluspá, verse 1, line 1:
      Hliods bið ec allar... (Codex Regius, circa 1270)
      Hlioðs bið ek allar... (Hauksbók, circa 1306)
      Hljóðs bið ek allar... (normalised orthography)
      For silence I ask all...
    • 1220-1240, Egils saga, chapter 3, line 16:
      "Þótt þetta vandræði hafi nú borit oss at hendi, þá mun eigi langt til, at sama vandræði mun til yðvar koma, því at Haraldr, ætla ek, at skjótt mun hér koma, þá er hann hefir alla menn þrælkat ok áþját, sem hann vill, á Norðmæri ok í Raumsdal." (Norse)
      translation by William Charles Green:
      Though this danger now touches us, before long the same will come to you; for Harold, as I ween, will hasten hither when he has enthralled and oppressed after his will all in North Mæra and Raumsdale.
      translation by Hallvard Lie:
      Though this trouble have now lighted on our hand, 'twill not be long ere the same trouble shall come upon you; for Harald, I ween, will shortly hither come, soon as he hath all men thralled and enslaved, according to this will, in Northmere and Raumsdale.

Declension
Old Norse personal pronouns
number first person second person reflexive third person
case singular singular masculine singular feminine singular neuter
nominative ek þú hann hon, hón þat
accusative mik þik sik hann hana, hána þat
dative mér þér sér hánum, honum, hónum henni því
genitive mín þín sín hans hennar þess
case dual
nominative vit it, þit
accusative okr, okkr ykr, ykkr sik
dative okr, okkr ykr, ykkr sér
genitive okkar ykkar sín
case plural plural masculine plural feminine plural neuter
nominative vér ér, þér þeir þær þau
accusative oss yðr sik þá þær þau
dative oss yðr sér þeim þeim þeim
genitive vár yðar, yðvar sín þeirra þeirra þeirra


The Lindholm amulet, a 2nd to 4th century piece of bone with a Proto-Norse inscription containing two instances of the pronoun.

Descendants

References
  • ek in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aiks.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɛːk/

Noun

ēk f

  1. oak

Declension
Declension of ēk (feminine i-stem)
singular plural
nominative ēk ēki
accusative ēk ēki
genitive ēki ēkiō
dative ēki ēkium
instrumental — —


Descendants
  • Middle Low German: êke, êk
    • German Low German: Eek
    • Low German: Eek
    • Plautdietsch: Ieekj

Rohingya
Rohingya cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : ek

Etymology

From Sanskrit एक (eka, “one”).

Numeral

ek

  1. one

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse eik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).

Pronunciation
  • audio(file)

Noun

ek c

  1. oak

Declension
Declension of ek 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ek eken ekar ekarna
Genitive eks ekens ekars ekarnas

Tocharian B

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *ëk, from Late Proto-Indo-European *okʷs, from *h₃okʷ-, *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”). Compare Tocharian A ak.

Noun

ek

  1. eye
    eśane klausane ṣeycer-me kartstse yolo lkātsi klyaussisa
    "you had eyes and ears to see and hear good and evil"

Turkish

Noun

ek (definite accusative eki, plural ekler)

  1. annex

Declension
Inflection
Nominative ek
Definite accusative eki
Singular Plural
Nominative ek ekler
Definite accusative eki ekleri
Dative eke eklere
Locative ekte eklerde
Ablative ekten eklerden
Genitive ekin eklerin
Possessive forms
Singular Plural
1st singular ekim eklerim
2nd singular ekin eklerin
3rd singular eki ekleri
1st plural ekimiz eklerimiz
2nd plural ekiniz ekleriniz
3rd plural ekleri ekleri
Predicative forms
Singular Plural
1st singular ekim eklerim
2nd singular eksin eklersin
3rd singular ek
ektir		 ekler
eklerdir
1st plural ekiz ekleriz
2nd plural eksiniz eklersiniz
3rd plural ekler eklerdir

Hyponyms

Verb

ek

  1. second-person singular imperative of ekmek

Volapük

Pronoun

ek

  1. someone; anyone

Declension
    declension of ek
singular plural
nominative ek eks
genitive eka ekas
dative eke ekes
accusative eki ekis

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian āk, from Proto-Germanic *auk.

Adverb

ek

  1. also, too

Further reading
  • “ek”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
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