ér
See also: Appendix:Variations of "er"
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈeːr]
Audio (file)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Uralic *särä (“vein, root”). Cognates include Mansi та̄р (tār, “root”)
Noun
ér (plural erek)
- (anatomy) blood vessel, vein
- (botany) vein (a thickened portion of the leaf containing the vascular bundle)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ér | erek |
accusative | eret | ereket |
dative | érnek | ereknek |
instrumental | érrel | erekkel |
causal-final | érért | erekért |
translative | érré | erekké |
terminative | érig | erekig |
essive-formal | érként | erekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | érben | erekben |
superessive | eren | ereken |
adessive | érnél | ereknél |
illative | érbe | erekbe |
sublative | érre | erekre |
allative | érhez | erekhez |
elative | érből | erekből |
delative | érről | erekről |
ablative | értől | erektől |
Possessive forms of ér | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | erem | ereim |
2nd person sing. | ered | ereid |
3rd person sing. | ere | erei |
1st person plural | erünk | ereink |
2nd person plural | eretek | ereitek |
3rd person plural | erük | ereik |
Further reading
- ér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
Etymology 3
Origin uncertain; perhaps from a Turkic language, compare Uyghuric är-, Chagatay ir-, Turkish er- (“reach”) verb forms. The second main meaning derives from the first, ér (“to reach”).
Verb
ér
- (heading) to reach or extend until a point.
- (intransitive) to reach (a place), arrive, get somewhere (-ra/-re or -ra/-re or -hoz/-hez/-höz)
- Synonyms: odaér, elér, érkezik, megérkezik, jut, eljut
- 1863, János Arany, Buda halála, canto 6:
- (intransitive) to touch something (-hoz/-hez/-höz or -ba/-be)
- (intransitive) to reach, stretch, extend as far as something (-ig) (to be long or deep or high enough)
- A szekrény a falig ér. ― The wardrobe extends as far as the wall.
- A víz a derekamig ér. ― The water comes / rises up to my waist.
- (transitive) to hit, strike, afflict someone (of a disaster or sometimes luck)
- A szomszédomat baleset érte. ― My neighbor had / met with an accident.
- (transitive) to catch someone (to discover unexpectedly; to surprise)
- Synonym: rajtakap
- 1974, Leo Tolstoy (author), László Németh (translator), Anna Karenina [Anna Karenina], Bucharest: Kriterion Könyvkiadó (1989), →ISBN, volume 1, part 1, chapter 1, page 7:
- Az történt vele ebben a pillanatban, ami az emberrel történni szokott, ha váratlanul igen szégyenletes dolgon érik. Arcát nem tudta a helyzethez szabni, amelybe bűne felfedésével a felesége előtt került.
- There happened to him at that instant what does happen to people when they are unexpectedly caught in something very disgraceful. He did not succeed in adapting his face to the position in which he was placed towards his wife by the discovery of his fault.
- Az történt vele ebben a pillanatban, ami az emberrel történni szokott, ha váratlanul igen szégyenletes dolgon érik. Arcát nem tudta a helyzethez szabni, amelybe bűne felfedésével a felesége előtt került.
- (transitive) to be able to use something (-val/-vel) meaningfully, to be of use to someone
- (intransitive) to reach (a place), arrive, get somewhere (-ra/-re or -ra/-re or -hoz/-hez/-höz)
- (heading) to have some value or validity.
Usage notes
- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik), the transitive forms if one of them is transitive (if either, it is the one without -ik) as well as an optional first-person singular indicative present indefinite form of the -ik verb. However, the meaning of these pairs is often unrelated. Examples include bán–bánik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik, ér–érik, nyúl–nyúlik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik and tör–törik (the latter two pairs with related meanings; tör[ik] along with their verbal prefixes). Therefore one may well need to check the context and the verb arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
Conjugation
conjugation of ér
Infinitive | érni | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past participle | ért | |||||||
Present participle | érő | |||||||
Future participle | érendő | |||||||
Adverbial participle | érve | |||||||
Potential | érhet | |||||||
1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal | 3rd person sg, 2nd person sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal | 3rd person pl, 2nd person pl formal | |||
Indicative mood | Present | Indefinite | érek | érsz | ér | érünk | értek | érnek |
Definite | érem én téged/titeket érlek |
éred | éri | érjük | éritek | érik | ||
Past | Indefinite | értem | értél | ért | értünk | értetek | értek | |
Definite | értem én téged/titeket értelek |
érted | érte | értük | értétek | érték | ||
Conditional mood | Present | Indefinite | érnék | érnél | érne | érnénk | érnétek | érnének |
Definite | érném én téged/titeket érnélek |
érnéd | érné | érnénk | érnétek | érnék | ||
Subjunctive mood | Present | Indefinite | érjek | érj or érjél |
érjen | érjünk | érjetek | érjenek |
Definite | érjem én téged/titeket érjelek |
érd or érjed |
érje | érjük | érjétek | érjék | ||
Conjugated infinitive | érnem | érned | érnie | érnünk | érnetek | érniük |
Derived terms
(For the first main meaning):
(With verbal prefixes):
(Expressions):
- földet ér
- lassan járj, tovább érsz
- tetten ér
- véget ér
(For the second main meaning):
(With verbal prefixes):
- felér
- fölér
- megér
(Expressions):
- aranyat ér
See also
Further reading
- ér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
Mandarin
Romanization
ér (Zhuyin ㄦˊ)
- Pinyin transcription of 侕
- Pinyin transcription of 儿
- Pinyin transcription of 児
- Pinyin transcription of 兒
- Pinyin transcription of 唲
- Pinyin transcription of 栭
- Pinyin transcription of 檽
- Pinyin transcription of 洏
- Pinyin transcription of 濠
- Pinyin transcription of 而
- Pinyin transcription of 耏
- Pinyin transcription of 聏
- Pinyin transcription of 胹
- Pinyin transcription of 腘
- Pinyin transcription of 臋
- Pinyin transcription of 荋
- Pinyin transcription of 袻
- Pinyin transcription of 輀
- Pinyin transcription of 轜
- Pinyin transcription of 陑
- Pinyin transcription of 隭
- Pinyin transcription of 髵
- Pinyin transcription of 鮞
- Pinyin transcription of 鲕
- Pinyin transcription of 鴯
- Pinyin transcription of 鸸
Old Norse
Declension
Old Norse personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | reflexive | third person | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
case | singular | singular masculine | singular feminine | singular neuter | ||
nominative | ek | þú | hann | hon, hón | þat | |
accusative | mik | þik | sik | hann | hana, hána | þat |
dative | mér | þér | sér | hánum, honum, hónum | henni | því |
genitive | mín | þín | sín | hans | hennar | þess |
case | dual | |||||
nominative | vit | it, þit | ||||
accusative | okr, okkr | ykr, ykkr | sik | |||
dative | okr, okkr | ykr, ykkr | sér | |||
genitive | okkar | ykkar | sín | |||
case | plural | plural masculine | plural feminine | plural neuter | ||
nominative | vér | ér, þér | þeir | þær | þau | |
accusative | oss | yðr | sik | þá | þær | þau |
dative | oss | yðr | sér | þeim | þeim | þeim |
genitive | vár | yðar, yðvar | sín | þeirra | þeirra | þeirra |
Westrobothnian
Etymology
From Old Norse ęr, from Proto-Germanic *arwaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [éːɾ]
- Rhymes: -éːr
Derived terms
- eru (“scarred”)
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