bán
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbaːn]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: bán
Etymology 1
From a Turkic language.
Verb
bán
- (transitive) to mind, to object to, to be bothered by (chiefly in negative constructions)
- Nem bánod, ha kinyitom az ablakot? ― Do you mind if I open the window?
- Nem bánnám, ha néha segítenél kitakarítani. ― I wouldn't mind if you helped me clean the house once in a while.
- (transitive) to regret
- Synonym: sajnál
Usage notes
- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik), the transitive forms if one of them is transitive (if either, it is the one without -ik) as well as an optional first-person singular indicative present indefinite form of the -ik verb. However, the meaning of these pairs is often unrelated. Examples include bán–bánik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik, ér–érik, nyúl–nyúlik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik and tör–törik (the latter two pairs with related meanings; tör[ik] along with their verbal prefixes). Therefore one may well need to check the context and the verb arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
Conjugation
Infinitive | bánni | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past participle | bánt | |||||||
Present participle | bánó | |||||||
Future participle | bánandó | |||||||
Adverbial participle | bánva | |||||||
Potential | bánhat | |||||||
1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal | 3rd person sg, 2nd person sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal | 3rd person pl, 2nd person pl formal | |||
Indicative mood | Present | Indefinite | bánok | bánsz | bán | bánunk | bántok | bánnak |
Definite | bánom én téged/titeket bánlak |
bánod | bánja | bánjuk | bánjátok | bánják | ||
Past | Indefinite | bántam | bántál | bánt | bántunk | bántatok | bántak | |
Definite | bántam én téged/titeket bántalak |
bántad | bánta | bántuk | bántátok | bánták | ||
Conditional mood | Present | Indefinite | bánnék | bánnál | bánna | bánnánk | bánnátok | bánnának |
Definite | bánnám én téged/titeket bánnálak |
bánnád | bánná | bánnánk | bánnátok | bánnák | ||
Subjunctive mood | Present | Indefinite | bánjak | bánj or bánjál |
bánjon | bánjunk | bánjatok | bánjanak |
Definite | bánjam én téged/titeket bánjalak |
bánd or bánjad |
bánja | bánjuk | bánjátok | bánják | ||
Conjugated infinitive | bánnom | bánnod | bánnia | bánnunk | bánnotok | bánniuk |
See also
Etymology 2
From Old Hungarian ban (1146), from a South Slavic language; compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | bán | bánok |
accusative | bánt | bánokat |
dative | bánnak | bánoknak |
instrumental | bánnal | bánokkal |
causal-final | bánért | bánokért |
translative | bánná | bánokká |
terminative | bánig | bánokig |
essive-formal | bánként | bánokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | bánban | bánokban |
superessive | bánon | bánokon |
adessive | bánnál | bánoknál |
illative | bánba | bánokba |
sublative | bánra | bánokra |
allative | bánhoz | bánokhoz |
elative | bánból | bánokból |
delative | bánról | bánokról |
ablative | bántól | bánoktól |
Possessive forms of bán | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | bánom | bánjaim |
2nd person sing. | bánod | bánjaid |
3rd person sing. | bánja | bánjai |
1st person plural | bánunk | bánjaink |
2nd person plural | bánotok | bánjaitok |
3rd person plural | bánjuk | bánjaik |
Derived terms
- báni
- bánság
- Bánság
References
- Marek Stachowski, Eugen Helimskis Materialien zur Erforschung der ältesten slawisch-ungarischen Sprachkontakte, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 14 (2009): 35–107 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: Kraków, page 43
Irish
Etymology 1
From Old Irish bán (“white”), from Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).
Adjective
bán (genitive singular masculine báin, genitive singular feminine báine, plural bána, comparative báine)
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | bán | bhán | bána; bhána² | |
Vocative | bháin | bána | ||
Genitive | báine | bána | bán | |
Dative | bán; bhán¹ |
bhán; bháin (archaic) |
bána; bhána² | |
Comparative | níos báine | |||
Superlative | is báine |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Derived terms
- abhac bán (“white dwarf”)
- An Láir Bhán (“the Milky Way”)
- bacán bán m (“white water-lily”)
- bánbhia (“white meat”)
- bándearg (“pink”, adjective)
- béar bán (“polar bear”)
- bíoma bán (“whitebeam”)
- buachaill bán (“fair-haired boy; favourite son”)
- cailín bán (“golden girl; stoat”)
- earrbhán (“white-tailed”, adjective)
- fobhán, scothbhán (“whitish”, adjective)
- fódbhán (“fallow, uncultivated”, adjective)
- fuilchill bhán (“white blood cell”)
- grús píb-bhán (“white-naped crane”)
- lúbán bán, putóg bhán (“white pudding”)
- siorc bán aigéanach (“oceanic whitetip shark”)
- siorc bán mór (“great white shark”)
Declension
First declension
Bare forms:
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
Derived terms
- bán na súl m (“albinism”)
Verb
bán (present analytic bánann, future analytic bánfaidh, verbal noun bánadh, past participle bánta)
- (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of bánaigh (“whiten; bleach; blanch; dawn; clear out, empty; lay waste, devastate”)
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | bánaim | bánann tú; bánair† |
bánann sé, sí | bánaimid | bánann sibh | bánann siad; bánaid† |
a bhánann; a bhánas / a mbánann*; a mbánas* |
bántar |
past | bhán mé; bhánas | bhán tú; bhánais | bhán sé, sí | bhánamar; bhán muid | bhán sibh; bhánabhair | bhán siad; bhánadar | a bhán / ar bhán* |
bánadh | |
past habitual | bhánainn | bhántá | bhánadh sé, sí | bhánaimis; bhánadh muid | bhánadh sibh | bhánaidís; bhánadh siad | a bhánadh / ar bhánadh* |
bhántaí | |
future | bánfaidh mé; bánfad |
bánfaidh tú; bánfair† |
bánfaidh sé, sí | bánfaimid; bánfaidh muid |
bánfaidh sibh | bánfaidh siad; bánfaid† |
a bhánfaidh; a bhánfas / a mbánfaidh*; a mbánfas* |
bánfar | |
conditional | bhánfainn / mbánfainn‡‡ | bhánfá / mbánfᇇ | bhánfadh sé, sí / mbánfadh sé, s퇇 | bhánfaimis; bhánfadh muid / mbánfaimis‡‡; mbánfadh muid‡‡ | bhánfadh sibh / mbánfadh sibh‡‡ | bhánfaidís; bhánfadh siad / mbánfaidís‡‡; mbánfadh siad‡‡ | a bhánfadh / ar bhánfadh* |
bhánfaí / mbánfa퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go mbána mé; go mbánad† |
go mbána tú; go mbánair† |
go mbána sé, sí | go mbánaimid; go mbána muid |
go mbána sibh | go mbána siad; go mbánaid† |
— | go mbántar |
past | dá mbánainn | dá mbántá | dá mbánadh sé, sí | dá mbánaimis; dá mbánadh muid |
dá mbánadh sibh | dá mbánaidís; dá mbánadh siad |
— | dá mbántaí | |
imperative | bánaim | bán | bánadh sé, sí | bánaimis | bánaigí; bánaidh† |
bánaidís | — | bántar | |
verbal noun | bánadh | ||||||||
past participle | bánta |
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Noun
bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bánta)
- (geography) lea; grassland
- uncultivated land
Declension
First declension
Bare forms:
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
Noun
bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural báin)
- Alternative form of bábhún (“walled enclosure, bawn; bailey; bulwark, breakwater”)
Declension
First declension
Bare forms:
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
bán | bhán | mbán |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- "bán" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- “bán” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- Entries containing “bán” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “bán” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbaːn/
Inflection
o/ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | bán | bán | bán |
Vocative | báin* bán** | ||
Accusative | bán | báin | |
Genitive | báin | báine | báin |
Dative | bán | báin | bán |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
Nominative | báin | bána | |
Vocative | bánu bána† | ||
Accusative | bánu bána† | ||
Genitive | bán | ||
Dative | bánaib | ||
Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative |
Derived terms
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
bán | bán pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
mbán |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɓaːn˧˦]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˦˥]
Etymology 1
Sino-Vietnamese word from 半 (“half”).
Etymology 2
From Proto-Vietic *paːɲʔ.