億

See also: 亿

億	U+5104, 億 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5104

← 儃
[U+5103]

CJK Unified Ideographs

儅 →
[U+5105]

Translingual

Han character

億 (radical 9, 人+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人卜廿心 (OYTP), four-corner 2023₆, composition ⿰亻意)

Derived characters

𨯑, 𬟆

References

KangXi: page 118, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1178
Dae Jaweon: page 252, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 227, character 6
Unihan data for U+5104

Chinese

trad.		億
simp.		亿

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 億

Warring States

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Bronze inscriptions

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Bronze inscriptions**
b12362	b15389

**Small seal script**
s05812	s07653

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L28411	L28412	L28413

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (意) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
噫	qrɯːɡs, qɯ
譩	qɯ, qɯʔ, *qɯl
醷	qɯʔ, qɯɡ
意	*qɯɡs
鷾	*qɯɡs
憶	*qɯɡ
億	*qɯɡ
臆	*qɯɡ
繶	*qɯɡ
澺	*qɯɡ
薏	*qɯɡ
檍	*qɯɡ
癔	*qɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯɡ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ

(Chengdu, SP): yi⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): jik¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yet²
Gan (Wiktionary): i⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yi / yit

(Meixian, Guangdong): yi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): i³
Min Bei (KCR): i̿
Min Dong (BUC): é
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ek / iak

(Teochew, Peng'im): êg⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): hhi (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): i⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yi⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jik¹
  - Yale: yīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yet²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʒet̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: i⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi / yit
  - Hakka Romanization System: i / id`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴ / yid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵/, /it̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: i³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /i⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: i̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: é
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛi²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
  - Tâi-lô: ik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
  - Tâi-lô: iak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: êg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: e̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ek̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhi (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: i⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʔɨk̚/▼

Rime
Character	億
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於力切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔik̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiək̚/
Wang Li	/ĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yi

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)ək/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	億
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔik ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)ək/
English	100000
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	億
Reading #	1/1
No.	15157
Phonetic component	意
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	憶
Old Chinese	/*qɯɡ/

Definitions

億

hundred million (100,000,000)
先定個小目標賺他一個億 [MSC, trad.]
先定个小目标赚他一个亿 [MSC, simp.]
From: Wang Jianlin 王健林
xiān dìng ge xiǎo mùbiāo zhuàn tā yī ge yì [Pinyin]
first set a small goal: make a hundred million [Chinese yuan]
^† hundred thousand (100,000)
many
A surname.

Compounds

不億／不亿
供億／供亿
億丈／亿丈
億中／亿中
億事／亿事
億仞／亿仞
億代／亿代
億億／亿亿
億兆／亿兆 (yìzhào)
億出／亿出
億劫／亿劫
億千／亿千
億品／亿品
億垓／亿垓
億姓／亿姓
億寧／亿宁
億年／亿年
億度／亿度
億庶／亿庶
億康／亿康
億庾／亿庾

億廩／亿廪
億忌／亿忌
億恨／亿恨
億探／亿探
億昌／亿昌
億測／亿测
億盈／亿盈
億眾／亿众
億祀／亿祀
億福／亿福
億萬／亿万 (yìwàn)
億萬斯年／亿万斯年
億計／亿计
億變／亿变
億負／亿负
億載／亿载
億載金城／亿载金城
億辛萬苦／亿辛万苦
億逆／亿逆
億逞／亿逞

億醜／亿丑
億類／亿类
億齡／亿龄
兆億／兆亿
八十億劫／八十亿劫
共億／共亿
千億／千亿 (qiānyì)
巨億／巨亿
庾億／庾亿
心億／心亿
愊億／愊亿
憑億／凭亿
百億／百亿
積億／积亿
綏億／绥亿
詭億／诡亿
逆億／逆亿
鉅億／巨亿
餉億／饷亿
麗億／丽亿

Japanese

Kanji

億

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: おく (oku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: よく (yoku)
Kun: お (o)
Nanori: かた (kata)

Compounds

巨 (きょ)億 (おく) (kyooku)
億 (おっ)劫 (くう) (okkū), 億 (おっ)劫 (こう) (okkō)

億 (おく)兆 (ちょう) (okuchō)

十 (じゅう)万 (まん)億 (おく)土 (ど) (jūman'okudo)

億 (おく)万 (まん) (okuman)

Noun

億 (hiragana おく, rōmaji oku)

a hundred million, 10⁸

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おく [óꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [o̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Derived terms

億ション

References

1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

億 (eum 억 (eok))

Noun

億 • (eok) (hangeul 억)

Hanja form^? of 억 (“a hundred million, 10⁸”).

Vietnamese

Han character

億: Hán Nôm readings: ức

Noun

億

Hán tự form of ức (“a hundred million, 10⁸”).

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[SMK2-1] 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Chinese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	10²	10³	10⁴	10⁸	10¹²
Normal (小寫／小写)	〇	一	二	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬／万	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫／大写)	零	壹	貳／贰	參／叁	肆	伍	陸／陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟	萬／万	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)