人
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Translingual
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Alternative forms
- 亻 (when used as a left radical)
Han character
人 (radical 9, 人+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 人 (O), four-corner 80000, composition ⿸丿乀)
- Kangxi radical #9, ⼈.
References
- KangXi: page 91, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 344
- Dae Jaweon: page 190, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 101, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4EBA
Chinese
Glyph origin
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (人) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 千 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 仟 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 芊 | *sn̥ʰiːn, *sn̥ʰiːns |
| 阡 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 汘 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 迁 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 杄 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 人 | *njin |
| 仁 | *njin |
| 朲 | *njin |
| 佞 | *neːŋs |
Pictogram (象形) – side view of a standing man, highlighting the arms and legs. Compare 大.
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
人 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | ||
Unknown.
Sagart (1999) relates it to Tibetan ཉེན (nyen, “relative”), from ཉེ (nye, “near”) + nominalizing suffix -n; if so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːj ~ *s-nej (“near”).
Schuessler (2007) proposes two etymologies:
- Same etymon as 仁 (OC *njin, “to be kind; to be good”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“heart; brain; mind”). The semantic association of 仁 with 人 was somewhat late, in Mencius' time; later on, 仁 would be usually interpreted as "humane, acting like a human being".
- Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɲaʔ ~ *ɲah (“person”) with a nominalizing suffix -n, possibly from the auto-ethnonym of a hostile, possibly Austroasiatic-speaking, eastern people, whom the Sinitic-speaking Shang referred to as 人方 (OC *njin paŋ).
Pronunciation
Definitions
人
- man; person; people (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 h)
- human being (Homo sapiens)
- body
- everybody; everyone
- 人手一冊 / 人手一册 ― rénshǒu yīcè ― It's a bestseller. (lit. Everyone has a copy.)
- physical, psychological or moral quality or condition; character; personality
- a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
- manpower; worker; employee
- † talent; person of talent
- † other people; others
- † common people; commoner
- † adult; grown-up
- 長大成人 / 长大成人 ― chángdà chéngrén ― to grow up to be an adult
- † reason; cause
- † sexual intercourse
- † company; companion; friend
- † artificial; man-made
- † mortal; bodily; earthly
- † Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “kernel”).
- † Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “charity”).
- † Alternative form of 仁 (rén, “loving; kind”).
- (Beijing) Lenition of 人家 (rénjia).
- (Taishanese) paternal grandmother
Synonyms
Compounds
Derived terms
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Etymology 2
| simp. and trad. |
人 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | 儂／侬 𠆧 | |
The Min native word for “person”; used as a replacement character for 儂／侬. Use of 人 is recommended by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.
Pronunciation 1
Pronunciation 2
References
- “Entry #52”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
- 人影 (jin'ei)
- 人為 (jin'i)
- 人格 (jinkaku)
- 人間 (jinkan)
- 人語 (jingo)
- 人後 (jingo)
- 人権 (jinken)
- 人口 (jinkō)
- 人工 (jinkō)
- 人孔 (jinkō, “manhole”)
- 人行 (jinkō)
- 人皇 (jinkō)
- 人材 (jinzai)
- 人事 (jinji)
- 人種 (jinshu)
- 人心 (jinshin)
- 人身 (jinshin)
- 人生 (jinsei)
- 人選 (jinsen)
- 人体 (jintai)
- 人道 (jindō)
- 人徳 (jintoku)
- 人物 (jinbutsu)
- 人望 (jinbō)
- 人名 (jinmei)
- 人命 (jinmei)
- 人類 (jinrui)
- 人和 (jinwa)
- 人気 (ninki)
- 人間 (ningen)
- 人魚 (ningyo)
- 人形 (ningyō, “doll”)
- 人称, 人稱 (ninshō)
- 人参 (ninjin, “carrot”)
- 人数 (ninzū)
- 人相 (ninsō)
- 悪人 (akunin)
- 偉人 (ijin)
- 異人 (ijin)
- 歌人 (kajin)
- 家人 (kajin)
- 佳人 (kajin)
- 華人 (kajin)
- 外人 (gaijin)
- 官人 (kanjin), 官人 (kannin)
- 漢人 (kanjin)
- 客人 (kyakujin)
- 求人 (kyūjin)
- 旧人 (kyūjin)
- 狂人 (kyōjin)
- 吾人 (gojin)
- 後人 (kōjin)
- 公人 (kōjin)
- 工人 (kōjin)
- 詩人 (shijin)
- 私人 (shijin)
- 舎人 (shajin)
- 証人 (shōnin)
- 商人 (shōnin)
- 新人 (shinjin)
- 成人 (seijin)
- 聖人 (seijin)
- 星人 (seijin)
- 前人 (zenjin)
- 善人 (zennin)
- 達人 (tatsujin)
- 旅人 (ryojin)
- 党人 (tōjin)
- 唐人 (tōjin)
- 俳人 (haijin)
- 廃人 (haijin)
- 非人 (hinin)
- 防人 (bōjin)
- 魔人 (majin)
- 無人 (bujin), 無人 (bunin), 無人 (mujin), 無人 (munin)
- 軍人 (gunjin, “serviceman, member of the military”)
- 浪人 (rōnin)
- 老人 (rōjin)
- 代理人 (dairinin)
- 三人 (sannin)
- 海人 (ama)
- 大人 (ushi)
- 大人 (otona)
- 防人 (sakimori)
- 舎人 (toneri)
- 海人草 (maguri)
- 人和 (renhō)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 人 |
| ひと Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨pi1to2⟩ → */pʲitə/ → /fito/ → /hito/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pitə.
Pronunciation
Noun
人 (counter 人, hiragana ひと, katakana ヒト, rōmaji hito)
- a person, human
- 2004 June 4, “レオニンの
従 者 [Leonin Squire]”, in フィフス・ドーン [Fifth Dawn], Wizards of the Coast:- 私は王かもしれないが、兵士や人々なくしては、私は何者でもないのだ。
- Watashi wa ō kamo shirenai ga, heishi ya hitobito naku shite wa, watashi wa nanimono demo nai no da.
- I may be king, but without my soldiers and my people, I am nobody.
- 私は王かもしれないが、兵士や人々なくしては、私は何者でもないのだ。
-
- an individual
- Synonym: 個人 (kojin)
- mankind, people
- character, personality
- an average person
- Synonym: 世人 (sejin, yohito)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - (law) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - an adult
- someone (else)
Usage notes
- When scientifically referring to humans, this term is often spelled in katakana, as ヒト.
- From Old Japanese or Middle Japanese development, hito is sometimes shifted to -uto, -udo, -to, -tto, or -do.
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 人人, 人々 (hitobito, “people”)
- 人垣 (hitogaki)
- 人影 (hitokage, “figure or shadow of a person”)
- 人柄 (hitogara)
- 人気 (hitoke)
- 人心 (hitogokoro)
- 人質 (hitojichi)
- 人魂 (hitodama)
- 人伝 (hitozute)
- 人手 (hitode)
- 人出 (hitode)
- 為人 (hitotonari)
- 人並, 人並み (hitonami)
- 人波 (hitonami)
- 人の世 (hito no yo): this world, the world of humans (as opposed to the world of the gods)
- 人前 (hitomae)
- 人身 (hitomi)
- 商人 (akyūdo), 商人 (akindo, “trader, shopkeeper, merchant”)
- 弟 (otōto, “younger brother”)
- 首 (obito): a chief or boss; a clan in ancient Japan
- 狩人, 猟人 (karyūdo)
- 玄人 (kurōto, “expert, professional”)
- 蔵人 (kurōdo)
- 恋人 (koibito)
- 妹 (imōto, “younger sister”)
- 舅 (shūto, “father-in-law”)
- 姑 (shūto, “mother-in-law”)
- 素人 (shirōto, “amateur, novice”)
- 旅人 (tabibito)
- 官人 (tsukasabito)
- 仲人 (nakōdo, “go-between, matchmaker”)
- 隼人 (hayahito), 隼人 (hayato)
- 真人 (mahito), 真人 (matōdo), 真人 (mōto): a clan in ancient Japan; a noble; someone who is very honest and straightforward
- 客人 (marōdo, “visitor, guest”)
- 召人 (meshūdo)
- 囚人 (meshūdo, “prisoner”)
- 寄人 (yoribito), 寄人 (yoryūdo)
- 若人 (wakōdo)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 人 |
| にん Grade: 1 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 人 (MC ȵiɪn). The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”), so likely the earlier or initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.
See also
| Japanese number-counter combinations for 人 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 一人 (hitori) | 二人 (futari) | 三人 (sannin) | 四人 (yonin) | 五人 (gonin) |
| 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 六人 (rokunin) | 七人 (shichinin) 七人 (nananin) |
八人 (hachinin) | 九人 (kunin) 九人 (kyūnin) |
十人 (jūnin) |
| 100 | 1,000 | 10,000 | How many? | |
| 百人 (hyakunin) | 千人 (sennin) | 一万人 (ichimannin) | 何人 (nannin) | |
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 人 |
| じん Grade: 1 |
| kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 人 (MC ȵiɪn). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”), so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Suffix
Derived terms
Korean
Kunigami
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ɕuː/
Miyako
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ps̩tu/
Okinawan
Compounds
Compounds
- 人間 (ninjin)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t̚t͡ɕu/
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 八重山人 (いぇーやまぴとぅ, yēyamapitu, “Yaeyamans, Yaeyama people”)
Derived terms
- 官人 (くゎんにん, kwannin, “public servant, civil servant, government official”)
Derived terms
- 九人 (くにん, kunin, “nine people”)
- 五人 (ぐにん, gunin, “five people”)
- 十人 (じゅーにん, jūnin, “ten people”)
- 八人 (はちにん, hachinin, “eight people”)
Derived terms
- 一人, 独い (ちゅい, chui, “alone, lone; one person”)
Derived terms
- 幾人 (いくたい, ikutai, “how many (people, persons, members)”)
- 五人 (いとぅたい, itutai, いちたい, ichitai, “five people”)
- 二人 (たい, tai, “two people; pair; couple; both”)
- 七人 (ななたい, nanatai, “seven people”)
- 六人 (むったい, muttai, “six people”)
- 八人 (やったい, yattai, “eight people”)
- 四人 (ゆったい, yuttai, “four people”)
Vietnamese
Han character
人: Hán Việt readings: nhân (
人: Nôm readings: nhơn[1][2][3][4], nhân[1][4], người[1]
- (Northern Vietnam) Hán tự form of nhân (“human”).
- (Southern Vietnam) Hán tự form of nhơn (“human”).
Alternative forms
- ǹg (only in handwriting)
References
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Génibrel (1898).
Yaeyama
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɨtu/
Yonaguni
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tˀu/
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