誰

See also: 谁
誰 U+8AB0, 誰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AB0
← 誯
[U+8AAF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 誱 →
[U+8AB1]

Translingual
Stroke order (Japan)

Han character

誰 (radical 149, 言+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人土 (YROG), four-corner 00614, composition ⿰言隹)

Derived characters
  • 𩽀, 𧀣, 䜃, 𪇻

References
  • KangXi: page 1165, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35686
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1630, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3987, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+8AB0

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (隹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蜼 *lus, *rulʔ, *luls
堆 *tuːl
嵟 *tuːl
碓 *tuːls
推 *tʰuːl, *tʰjul
蓷 *tʰuːl, *tʰjul
陮 *duːlʔ
魋 *duːl
嶊 *stuːlʔ
崔 *zluːl, *sʰluːl
猚 *ŋreːl, *rulʔ
椎 *dul
顀 *dul
隹 *tjul
錐 *tjul
萑 *kljul
騅 *tjul
鵻 *sɢʷinʔ, *tjul
誰 *djul
脽 *djul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djul) : semantic 言 (“speak”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul).

Etymology 1
trad. 誰
simp. 谁

From *du + *-i (“suffix in independent pronouns”); cognate with 疇 (OC *du, “who”), 孰 (OC *djɯwɢ, “which one; who”) (Schuessler, 2007). In other Sino-Tibetan languages, compare Mizo tû (“who; which”), Chepang दोह्‌ (“what”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *tuu (“who; which (relativizer)”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • sûi - literary;
  • chûi - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 誰
Mandarin Beijing /ʂei³⁵/
/ʂuei³⁵/
Harbin /ʂei²⁴/
/ʂuei²⁴/
Tianjin /sei⁴⁵/
/suei⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂuei⁴²/
/ʂei⁴²/
Qingdao /ʂe⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂuei⁴²/
/ʂei⁴²/
Xi'an /sei²⁴/
Xining /fɨ²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂuei⁵³/
Lanzhou /fei⁵³/
Ürümqi /sei⁵¹/
Wuhan /suei²¹³/
Chengdu /suei³¹/
Guiyang /suei²¹/
Kunming /suei³¹/
Nanjing /ʂuəi²⁴/
Hefei /ʂue⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /sei¹¹/
/suei¹¹/
Pingyao /suei¹³/
Hohhot /suei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zø²³/
Suzhou /ze̞¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷei²¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕye⁴⁴/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ɕyei¹³/
Xiangtan /ɕyəi¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /sui¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /søy²¹/
Nanning /sui²¹/
Hong Kong /søy²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sui³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /suoi⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /sy³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sui⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdiaŋ³³/ 訓讀
Rime
Character 誰
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 脂 (16)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 視隹切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑiuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑʷi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑjuɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑwi/
Li
Rong		 /ʑui/
Wang
Li		 /ʑwi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑwi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chuí
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 誰
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shuí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzywij ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[d]uj/
English who

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 誰
Reading # 1/1
No. 17725
Phonetic
component		 隹
Rime
group		 微
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 誰
Old
Chinese		 /*djul/

Definitions

誰

  1. who; whom
  2. someone; anyone
  3. anyone; whoever
  4. A surname​.

Compounds

Etymology 2
trad. 誰
simp. 谁
variant forms 倽

Contraction of 啥人 (siáⁿ-lâng).

Pronunciation

Definitions

誰

  1. (Min Nan) who; whom

Etymology 3
trad. 誰
simp. 谁
variant forms 𪝊
𫢗 Teochew

Contraction of 底人 (tī-lâng).

Pronunciation

Definitions

誰

  1. (Hokkien, including Xiamen, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore; Teochew; Hainanese) who; whom

Etymology 4
trad. 誰
simp. 谁

Contraction of 是誰／是谁 (chī-chūi).

Pronunciation

Definitions

誰

  1. (Min Nan, chiefly Xiamen and Quanzhou) who; whom

Etymology 5
trad. 誰
simp. 谁
variant forms 孰 (chiâ)
咜 (chôa)

From shortening of 是誰／是谁 (chī-choa̍h), from 是誰仔／是谁仔 (chī-chūi-á).

Pronunciation

Definitions

誰

  1. (Min Nan, including Zhangzhou and Taichung) who; whom

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 誰 (“who; whom”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 誰1, 疇, 孰, 誰人, 何人
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 誰1
Mandarin Beijing 誰1
Taiwan 誰1
Harbin 誰1
Shenyang 誰1
Jinan 誰1
Muping 誰1
Luoyang 誰1
Wanrong 哪𠰻
Wanrong (Ronghe) 啥外
Xi'an 誰1
Qingdao 誰1
Zhengzhou 誰1
Xining 阿個, 阿一個, 啥人
Xuzhou 誰1, 哪個
Yinchuan 誰1
Lanzhou 誰1, 誰個, 誰們
Ürümqi 誰1, 誰一個, 誰們
Wuhan 哪個, 啥個
Chengdu 哪個, 啥子人
Guiyang 哪個
Liuzhou 哪人, 哪個
Kunming 哪個
Yangzhou 哪個, 哪一個
Nanjing 哪個
Hefei 哪個, 哈個
Nantong 哪個, 哪一個, 哪個人
Cantonese Guangzhou 邊個, 乜誰
Hong Kong 邊個, 乜誰
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 邊個, 哪誰
Foshan 邊個
Shunde 邊個, 邊誰
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 邊個
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 邊個, 乜誰
Taishan 阿誰
Kaiping (Chikan) 乜誰, 乜阿誰
Dongguan 鼠個, 乜誰
Shaoguan 邊個
Yunfu 邊個
Yangjiang 乜誰
Xinyi 乜人, 乜誰
Lianjiang 乜人
Nanning 邊個
Kuala Lumpur 邊個
Gan Nanchang 哪個
Lichuan 哪個
Pingxiang 哪仔, 哪個仔
Hakka Meixian 麼人, 哪儕
Xingning 哪隻
Huidong (Daling) 哪隻, 哪人
Qujiang 哪個
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 哪儕
Changting 哪個, 哪個哩
Pingyu 麼人
Wuping 哪個, 麼人
Liancheng 哪個, 麼人
Ninghua 台人
Ruijin 哪人, 哪個
Shicheng 斯你
Shangyou 哪人
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 麼人, 麼儕
Liudui (S. Sixian) 麼人, 麼儕
Hsinchu (Hailu) 麼人, 麼儕
Dongshi (Dabu) 麼人, 麼儕
Hsinchu (Raoping) 麼人, 麼儕
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 麼儕
Hong Kong 哪人
Sabah 哪人
Senai 麼人
Singkawang 麼儕
Huizhou Jixi 哪個
Jin Taiyuan 誰1, 誰們 usually plural
Xinzhou 誰1, 誰們 usually plural
Min Bei Jian'ou 孰人
Min Dong Fuzhou 底儂
Fuqing 底儂
Matsu 底儂
Min Nan Xiamen 誰2, 誰3, 誰4, 是誰, 啥儂, 啥物儂, 什物儂, 底儂
Quanzhou 誰2, 誰4, 是誰, 啥儂
Zhangzhou 誰5, 是誰, 啥儂
Taipei 啥物儂
Kaohsiung 啥物儂
Tainan 啥物儂
Taichung 誰5, 啥儂
Hsinchu 誰2, 啥物儂
Lukang 啥物儂, 誰2
Sanxia 啥儂
Yilan 啥儂, 誰2
Kinmen 誰3
Magong 誰3
Penang 誰誰, 誰誰儂, 是誰
Singapore 啥儂, 誰2, 啥物儂, 是誰, 誰3
Philippines (Manila) 誰仔
Pingnan 乜儂
Chaozhou 底𫢗, 𫢗
Shantou 底𫢗
Haifeng 𫢗, 底𫢗
Johor Bahru 底𫢗
Haikou 誰3
Leizhou 誰3, 誰儂
Puxian Min Putian 什儂
Xianyou 什儂
Pinghua Nanning 哪個
Wu Shanghai 啥人
Suzhou 啥人
Hangzhou 哪個
Wenzhou 何乜人, 乜人, 誰人, 何人
Chongming 何人
Danyang 哪個
Jinhua 哪個
Ningbo 啥人, 誰儂 dated
Xiang Changsha 哪個, 何至個 suburbs
Shuangfeng 哪個
Loudi 哪個, 誰個
Quanzhou 哪個

See also

Question words

Japanese

Kanji
誰

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. interrogative personal pronoun: who

Readings

Compounds
  • 誰 (すい)何 (か) (suika)

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
誰
だれ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/tare/ → /dare/

From earlier tare.[1][2][3][4]

The dare form appears from around the Edo period.[3] The voicing of the initial /t-/ to /d-/ is likely by analogy with other interrogative demonstratives 何れ (dore, “which one”), 何処 (doko, “where”).

Now the primary form, replacing earlier tare.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

誰 (hiragana だれ, rōmaji dare)

  1. interrogative personal pronoun: who
    誰 (だれ)が誰 (だれ)を作 (つく)ったのか
    dare ga dare o tsukutta no ka
    Who made who?
Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms
  • 誰言 (だれい)うとなく (dare iu to naku)
  • 誰 (だれ)とはなしに (dare to hanashi ni)
  • 誰 (だれ)の目 (め)にも (dare no me ni mo)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
誰
たれ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE) alongside its older form ta (see below).

Derived from older 誰 (ta, “who”) + れ (re, “thing”, demonstrative nominalizer ending). Compare the formation of これ (kore, “this”) from 此 (ko, “this”) + れ, 彼 (kare, “that one, that person”) from 彼 (ka, “that”) + れ (​re), etc.

Superseded by dare above starting from around the Edo period.[2][3] The tare form does not appear to be used anymore outside of poetry or intentionally archaic text.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

誰 (hiragana たれ, rōmaji tare)

  1. (archaic) interrogative personal pronoun: who
    • 711–712, Kojiki (poem 15)
      夜 (や)麻 (ま)登 (と)能 (の)多 (た)加 (か)佐 (さ)士 (じ)怒 (の)袁 (を)那 (な)那 (な)由 (ゆ)久 (く)袁 (を)登 (と)賣 (め)杼 (ど)母 (も)多 (た)禮 (れ)袁 (を)志 (し)摩 (ま)加 (か)牟 (む) [Man'yōgana]
      大和 (やまと)の高 (たか)佐士野 (さじの)を七 (なな)行 (ゆ)く媛女 (をとめ)ども誰 (たれ)をし枕 (ま)かむ [Modern spelling]
      Yamato no Takasajino o nana yuku otome-domo tare o shi makamu
      Of the seven maidens walking there in the field of Takasaji in Yamato, which will you choose to wed?[5]
    • c. late 9th–mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
      この女、「かくのたまふは誰（たれ）ぞ」と問ふ。
    • c. late 9th–mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
      大納言「悪しく探ればなき也」と腹立ちて、誰（たれ）ばかりおぼえんにとて、「吾上りて探らむ」とのたまふて[...]
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 614)[6]
      Tare. タレ (誰) 誰. 例,Tarega maittaca. l, tareca maitta. (誰が参つたか. まはは, 誰か参つた) 誰が来たか.Tare naritomo. (誰なりとも) 誰であろうとも.
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 誰誰 (たれたれ), 誰々 (たれたれ) (taretare)
  • 誰某 (たれがし) (taregashi)
  • 誰彼 (たれかれ) (tare kare)
  • 誰某 (たれそれ) (tare sore), 誰某 (たれぼう) (tarebō)
  • 誰時 (たれどき) (taredoki)
  • 誰 (たれ)の人 (ひと) (tare no hito)
  • 誰人 (たれびと) (tarebito)
  • 誰 (たれ)も (tare mo)
  • 誰 (たれ)やし人 (ひと) (tare ya shi hito)
  • 誰 (たれ)やの者 (もの) (tare ya no mono)
  • 誰故草 (タレユエソウ) (tareyuesō)
  • 彼 (あれ)は誰時 (たれどき) (are wa taredoki)
  • 彼 (か)は誰時 (たれどき) (kawataredoki)
  • 彼 (か)は誰星 (たれぼし) (kawatareboshi)
Idioms
  • 誰 (たれ)かある (tare ka aru)
Proverbs
  • 誰 (たれ)か烏 (からす)の雌雄 (しゆう)を知 (し)らん (tare ka karasu no shiyū o shiran)
See also
Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives
First personSecond personClose to speakerClose to listenerFar from bothInterrogativeReflexive
Person あ (a), あれ (are)
わ (wa), われ (ware)		 な (na), なれ (nare)
なんぢ (nanji)
まし (mashi)
いまし (imashi)
みまし (mimashi)
きみ (kimi)		 こ (ko), これ (kore) そ (so), それ (sore) あ (a), あれ (are)
か (ka), かれ (kare)		 た (ta), たれ (tare)
なにがし (nanigashi)		 おの (ono)
Thing こ (ko), これ (kore) そ (so), それ (sore) あ (a), あれ (are)
か (ka), かれ (kare)		 いづれ (izure)
なに (nani)
Location ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あしこ (ashiko)
かしこ (kashiko)		 いづこ (izuko)
いづく (izuku)
いどこ (idoko)
どこ (doko)
Direction こち (kochi)
こなた (konata)		 そち (sochi)
そなた (sonata)		 あち (achi)
あなた (anata)
かなた (kanata)		 いづち (izuchi)
いづら (izura)
いづかた (izukata)
Manner か (ka)
かく (kaku)
かくて (kakute)
かう (kō)		 さ (sa), さて (sate)
しか (shika)		 いか (ika)
Time いつ (itsu)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
誰
た
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, completed roughly 712 CE.[1]

Appears to be the oldest form.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

誰 (hiragana た, rōmaji ta)

  1. (obsolete, persists in some fossilized expressions) interrogative personal pronoun: who
    • 711–712, Kojiki (poem 94)
      美 (み)母 (も)呂 (ろ)爾 (に)都 (つ)久 (く)夜 (や)多 (た)麻 (ま)加 (か)岐 (き)都 (つ)岐 (き)阿 (あ)麻 (ま)斯 (し)多 (た)爾 (に)加 (か)母 (も)余 (よ)良 (ら)牟 (む)加 (か)微 (み)能 (の)美 (み)夜 (や)比 (ひ)登 (と) [Man'yōgana]
      御 (み)諸 (もろ)に築 (つ)くや玉垣 (たまかき)築 (つ)き余 (あま)し誰 (た)にかも依 (よ)らむ神 (かみ)の宮人 (みやひと) [Modern spelling]
      mimoro ni tsuku ya tamakaki tsuki-amashi ta ni ka mo yoramu kami no miya-hito
      Round the sacred grove they've put a worship fence; too long she's worshipped―on whom now can she rely, the shrine maid of the god?[5]
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 誰 (た)が (ta ga)
  • 誰 (た)そ (ta so)
  • 黄昏 (たそがれ) (tasogare)
  • 誰 (た)哉 (そや)行灯 (あんどん) (tasoya andon)
See also
Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives
First personSecond personClose to speakerClose to listenerFar from bothInterrogativeReflexive
Person あ (a), あれ (are)
わ (wa), われ (ware)		 な (na), なれ (nare)
なんぢ (nanji)
まし (mashi)
いまし (imashi)
みまし (mimashi)
きみ (kimi)		 こ (ko), これ (kore) そ (so), それ (sore) あ (a), あれ (are)
か (ka), かれ (kare)		 た (ta), たれ (tare)
なにがし (nanigashi)		 おの (ono)
Thing こ (ko), これ (kore) そ (so), それ (sore) あ (a), あれ (are)
か (ka), かれ (kare)		 いづれ (izure)
なに (nani)
Location ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あしこ (ashiko)
かしこ (kashiko)		 いづこ (izuko)
いづく (izuku)
いどこ (idoko)
どこ (doko)
Direction こち (kochi)
こなた (konata)		 そち (sochi)
そなた (sonata)		 あち (achi)
あなた (anata)
かなた (kanata)		 いづち (izuchi)
いづら (izura)
いづかた (izukata)
Manner か (ka)
かく (kaku)
かくて (kakute)
かう (kō)		 さ (sa), さて (sate)
しか (shika)		 いか (ika)
Time いつ (itsu)

See also

References
  1. .1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-501211-0
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13143-0
  5. Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, ISBN 0-804-73157-8
  6. Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, ISBN 978-4-00-080021-1.

Korean

Hanja

誰 • (su) (hangeul 수)

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Vietnamese

Han character

誰 (thùy)

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